RewriteRule loop, content negotiation - .htaccess

I have made the rounds through Stack Overflow, and I haven't found an answer to my question (or at least I didn't recognize it), so I decided to open my own question.
I am trying to set up a content negotiation system to serve HTML by default and when requested and RDF/XML when requested. The URI would be a non-information source. The user would go to the URI and it would redirect the user to the appropriate file based on the request. For example:
GET: http://example.com/ldExamples/catalog_001
Accept: application/rdf+xml
This should result in a redirect to http://example.com/ldExamples/catalog_001.rdf
I have tried a couple of approaches to this. All of the following code was adapted from W3C's Best Practice Recipes for Publishing RDF Vocabularies. Here's the first attempt:
# Turn off MultiViews
Options -MultiViews
# Directive to ensure *.rdf files served as appropriate content type,
# if not present in main apache config
AddType application/rdf+xml .rdf
# Rewrite engine setup
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /ldExamples
# Rewrite rule 2: to serve HTML content from class or prop URIs if requested
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} !application/rdf\+xml.* (text/html|application/xhtml\+xml)
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} text/html [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/xhtml\+xml [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/.*
RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ $1.html [R=303]
# Rewrite rule 3: to serve RDF content is requested
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/rdf\+xml
RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ $1.rdf [R=303]
# Choose the default response
# ---------------------------
# Rewrite rule 4: to serve RDF/XML content by default
#RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ $1.rdf [R=303]
# Rewrite rules to serve HTML content by default
RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ $1.html [R=303]
When trying:
GET: http://example.com/ldExamples/catalog_001/
I receive http://example.com/ldExamples/catalog_001.html.html
With:
GET: http://example.com/ldExamples/catalog_001/
Accept: application/rdf+xml
I receive http://example.com/ldExamples/catalog_001.html.rdf.html
I know this has to do with looping. I tried adding L to [R=303]. I later found out I was receiving a 500 internal error because of the loop as well.
To debug further, I tried removing the loop and targeting a URL directly:
# Turn off MultiViews
Options -MultiViews
# Directive to ensure *.rdf files served as appropriate content type,
# if not present in main apache config
AddType application/rdf+xml .rdf
# Rewrite engine setup
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /ldExamples
# Rewrite rule 2: to serve HTML content from class or prop URIs if requested
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} !application/rdf\+xml.*(text/html|application/xhtml\+xml)
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} text/html [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/xhtml\+xml [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/.*
RewriteRule ^catalog_001$ catalog_001.html [R=303]
# Rewrite rule 3: to serve RDF content is requested
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/rdf\+xml
RewriteRule ^catalog_001$ catalog_001.rdf [R=303]
# Choose the default response
# ---------------------------
# Rewrite rule 4: to serve RDF/XML content by default
# RewriteRule ^catalog_001$ catalog_001.rdf [R=303]
# Rewrite rules to serve HTML content by default
RewriteRule ^catalog_001$ catalog_001.html [R=303]
This returns http://examples.com/ldExamples/catalog_001.html regardless of Accept request. I tried adding L to the [R=303], but it also resulted in a 500 internal error.
Ultimately, I would like for some kind of variable setup, because I would like to serve multiple URIs and files.

Related

WWW Redirection in an HTACCESS File

I have an htaccess file for a React app at https://searchglutenfree.com/. I want it to automatically rewrite https://www.searchglutenfree.com/ to https://searchglutenfree.com/ while keeping all the params during the redirection.
I found this great default htaccess template on GitHub (https://gist.github.com/iheartmedia-matt/253ccb6183fdeaa5619f615f2cb5a58b), and getting the www to redirect is the last thing I need. Anyone know what I need to add and where in the file to get the WWW rewrite?
<ifModule mod_rewrite.c>
#######################################################################
# GENERAL #
#######################################################################
# Make apache follow sym links to files
Options +FollowSymLinks
# If somebody opens a folder, hide all files from the resulting folder list
IndexIgnore */*
#######################################################################
# REWRITING #
#######################################################################
# Enable rewriting
RewriteEngine On
# If its not HTTPS
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
# Comment out the RewriteCond above, and uncomment the RewriteCond below if you're using a load balancer (e.g. CloudFlare) for SSL
# RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-Proto} !https
# Redirect to the same URL with https://, ignoring all further rules if this one is in effect
RewriteRule ^(.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R,L]
# If we get to here, it means we are on https://
# If the file with the specified name in the browser doesn't exist
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
# and the directory with the specified name in the browser doesn't exist
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
# and we are not opening the root already (otherwise we get a redirect loop)
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !\/$
# Rewrite all requests to the root
RewriteRule ^(.*) /
</ifModule>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Do not cache sw.js, required for offline-first updates.
<FilesMatch "sw\.js$">
Header set Cache-Control "private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform"
Header set Pragma "no-cache"
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
If you don’t need this to be dynamic regarding the host name, then I would add a Condition that checks if the host name started with www. after the one that checks for %{HTTPS} off, and add the [OR] flag to the former - and then simply hard-code the host name in the substitution URL of the following Rule.
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.
RewriteRule ^(.*) https://searchglutenfree.com/$1 [R,L]
If you replace everything between the comments # If its not HTTPS and # If we get to here, it means we are on https:// in your .htaccess you had shown above with that, it should work.
In order to set up the desired redirect, www.example.com to example.com or vice versa, you must have an A record for each name.
To redirect users from www to a plain, non-www domain, insert this configuration:
in your .htaccess:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]

Need to redirect to HTTPS using my current htaccess

I want to redirect HTTP and www to https://example.com.
I tried using:
# force HTTPS and www.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} (?!^www\.)^(.+)$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^ https://www.%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
But the result is only https://www. - the domain disappeared!
My current .htaccess:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
# REWRITE ENGINE CONFIG
#ExpiresActive On
DirectoryIndex under_construction.html index.html index.php
#Header set Cache-Control "max-age=259200, public"
#ExpiresDefault "access plus 3 days"
#Header unset ETag
#FileETag None
# Expires header for static content
#<FilesMatch "\.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css|swf|jgz|js.jgz)$">
#Header set Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public"
#ExpiresDefault "access plus 11 months"
#</FilesMatch>
# Auth for non-public projects
#AuthName "ZEN 2.2 Login"
#AuthType Basic
#AuthUserFile /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/username/.htpasswd
#AuthUserFile F:/wamp/www/username/.htpasswd
#AuthGroupFile /dev/null
#require valid-user
# REWRITE CORE RULES RULES -- PLEASE DON'T MODIFY --
# THESE ARE THE MAIN REWRITES THAT MAKE THE ENTIRE WORLD SPIN
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
# IF NO IMAGE FOUND
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$
RewriteRule .* resources/static/images/no_image.png [L]
RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|resources|robots\.txt)
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?page=$1&%{QUERY_STRING} [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^robots.txt$ resources/static/robots.php [L]
# gZip minified js files
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.jgz -f
RewriteRule (.*)\.js$ $1\.js.jgz [L]
AddType "text/javascript" .js.jgz
AddEncoding gzip .jgz
# gZip minified css files
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.jgz -f
RewriteRule (.*)\.css$ $1\.css.jgz [L]
AddType "text/css" .css.jgz
AddEncoding gzip .jgz
</IfModule>
Need some help adding the redirection to HTTPS and non-WWW to the current .htaccess file.
The problem when using code from here -> https://gist.github.com/vielhuber/f2c6bdd1ed9024023fe4
Is that the redirection is broken, and the result is https://www. only, no domain name is showing.
Try:
# force HTTPS and www.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*)$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !on
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,QSA,L]
Some webservers don't create the HTTPS header when http protocol is used. So if HTTPS is not on (is off or null) this condition is true.
# force HTTPS and www.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} (?!^www\.)^(.+)$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^ https://www.%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
The problem with this code is, as the preceding comment suggests, it tries to redirect to www, not the domain apex. But it is also fundamentally flawed since the first condition is not always met (when HTTPS is off and www is requested), so the %1 backreference is not always set (so the domain name is omitted from the redirect - as you have found).
If you want a generalised (ie. without explicitly stating the hostname) solution then you would need to do something like the following instead:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\. [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(?:www\.)?(.+)
RewriteRule ^ https://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
The above rule block states... for all requests that are either for the www subdomain OR are for HTTP then redirect to HTTPS, less the www subdomain (if any) at the same URL-path.
The purpose of the 3rd condition - which must always match - is to simply capture the hostname less the www subdomain (if any). This is then referenced using the %1 backreference in the RewriteRule substitution.
NB: Test with a 302 (temporary) redirect first to avoid caching issues.
You will need to clear your browser cache before testing.
UPDATE: it is redirecting to domainname.com:443
That shouldn't be happening with the above directives, unless perhaps the port is explicitly included in the request? (But is that a redirect for http or https?)
You can try changing the 3rd condition to read:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(?:www\.)?([^:]+)
Or hardcode the canonical hostname, which is arguably preferable and more reliable (without knowing your system). For example:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\. [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^ https://example.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
With this hardcoded solution, it cannot possibly redirect to anything other than the canonical URL - regardless of the request or system configuration.
EDIT#1: if I remove the htaccess file completely, the website still redirect to :443 if access from https
To help with debugging, try the following in your .htaccess file and then access https://your-domain.com/. What happens?
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on
RewriteRule ^ - [F]
If you see a 403 Forbidden response then your web application would seem to be triggering this redirect. If not and you are still redirected then something in the main server config / virtual host would seem to be triggering the redirect.
EDIT#2: Yes, the response when i browse the https is 403 Forbidden.
That would seem to suggest that your web application is triggering this redirect.
And this would seem to be further backed up by the fact that you only seem to get this malformed redirect when requesting a valid URL, ie. one which only the app knows about. For example, https://example.com/contact (a valid page) is redirecting to http://example.com:443/contact (ERROR), but https://example.com/does-not-exist does not redirect (you get an application error / 404).

.htaccess file adding directories to URL

I have an htaccess file that is supposed to direct the user to a non www URL. Problem is, the site has directories that get added to the end of the URL when clicked on.
For example, subdomain.domain.com becomes subdomain.domain.com/folder/home.html, which is fine, but if the link is clicked again, it becomes subdomain.domain.com/folder/folder/home.html, and so on. Not so good.
Here is the .htaccess file:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
# Rewrite www.domain.com -> domain.com -- used with SEO Strict URLs plugin
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} .
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^subdomain\.domain\.com [NC]
RewriteRule (.*) http://subdomain.domain.com/$1 [R=301,L]
#
# or for the opposite domain.com -> www.domain.com use the following
# DO NOT USE BOTH
#
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} .
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.sitehere\.com [NC]
#RewriteRule (.*) http://www.sitehere.com/$1 [R=301,L]
# The Friendly URLs part
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
# Make sure .htc files are served with the proper MIME type, which is critical
# for XP SP2. Un-comment if your host allows htaccess MIME type overrides.
#AddType text/x-component .htc
<FilesMatch "\.(ttf|otf|eot|woff)$">
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
</IfModule>
</FilesMatch>
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!
check your base href tag in your templates and the system variable it outputs, I think it's ++site_url [you can check in your template what it actually is]

htaccess returning 500 error when needs to be 404

How can I make it so that my htaccess rules return a 404 when invalid urls are entered into the address bar.
The two rules that are causing this
RewriteRule ^submit/([a-z]+)/([0-9]+)$ /submit?c=$1&i=$2 [L]
RewriteRule ^test/([a-z]+)/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)$ /test?c=$1&i=$2&q=$3 [L]
Both the rules work fine when a correct url is entered but say for example one of the last parameters is not a number, it returns a 500 error.
How can I make it so that if these rules are not matched then it'll return a 404.
To further clarify take the following url test/cooking/9/1 is valid. So is submit/cooking/9.
It returns 500 with urls that dont match the rewrite such as these, 'test/cooking/9/1/1,submit/0/0/0`, I would like it to return a 404 if the rules outlined above are NOT matched.
FULL .htaccess FILE
# Turn on rewriting engine
RewriteEngine On
# Internally rewrite submit parameters
RewriteRule ^submit/([a-z]+)/([0-9]+)$ /submit?c=$1&i=$2 [L]
# Internally rewrite test parameters
RewriteRule ^test/([a-z]+)/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)$ /test?c=$1&i=$2&q=$3 [L]
# Internally rewrite .php
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.php -f
RewriteRule ^/?(.*)$ /$1.php [L]
# Externally redirect .php
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /([^\ ]+)\.php
RewriteRule ^/?(.*)\.php$ /$1 [L,R=301]
# Add default charset for files
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
# G-zip deflate compression
<FilesMatch "\\.(js|css|html|htm|php|xml)$">
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
</FilesMatch>
This is happening because apache is reading the URI as part of the PATH INFO, and parts of test or submit is matching the -f check eventhough the rest of the path doesn't. Try changing the -f check to:
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_URI}\.php -f
instead of:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.php -f

Redirect top-level domain except for one page in Drupal

I have two top-level domains pointing to my Drupal installation, abc.com and xyz.com.
I'd like to force all pages to use abc.com, EXCEPT for one page (node), which should always use xyz.com.
I've tried a bunch of different .htaccess, none seem to work. This is the closest I've gotten:
# Redirect abc.com/path/to/my/page to xyz.com/path/to/my/page
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?abc\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^path/to/my/page$ http://www.xyz.com$1 [R,L,NC]
# Redirect xyz.com to www.abc.com
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?xyz\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^ http://www.abc.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R,L]
The above works for the whole site redirect, but when you go to abc.com/path/to/my/page it redirects to the main page, abc.com. I also tried this:
# Redirect abc.com/path/to/my/page to xyz.com/path/to/my/page
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?abc\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^path/to/my/page$ http://www.xyz.com/path/to/my/page [R,L,NC]
But that just gave me an error about too many redirects to xyz.com/path/to/my/page.
Any ideas? I'm not sure if my .htaccess code is wrong, or if it has to do with Drupal's clean URL functions, or what.
Here's the full Drupal .htaccess file:
#
# Apache/PHP/Drupal settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes.
<FilesMatch "\.(engine|inc|info|install|make|module|profile|test|po|sh|.*sql|theme|tpl(\.php)?|xtmpl)$|^(\..*|Entries.*|Repository|Root|Tag|Template)$">
Order allow,deny
</FilesMatch>
# Don't show directory listings for URLs which map to a directory.
Options -Indexes
# Follow symbolic links in this directory.
Options +FollowSymLinks
# Make Drupal handle any 404 errors.
ErrorDocument 404 /index.php
# Set the default handler.
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm
# Override PHP settings that cannot be changed at runtime. See
# sites/default/default.settings.php and drupal_initialize_variables() in
# includes/bootstrap.inc for settings that can be changed at runtime.
# PHP 5, Apache 1 and 2.
<IfModule mod_php5.c>
php_flag magic_quotes_gpc off
php_flag magic_quotes_sybase off
php_flag register_globals off
php_flag session.auto_start off
php_value mbstring.http_input pass
php_value mbstring.http_output pass
php_flag mbstring.encoding_translation off
</IfModule>
# Requires mod_expires to be enabled.
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
# Enable expirations.
ExpiresActive On
# Cache all files for 2 weeks after access (A).
ExpiresDefault A1209600
<FilesMatch \.php$>
# Do not allow PHP scripts to be cached unless they explicitly send cache
# headers themselves. Otherwise all scripts would have to overwrite the
# headers set by mod_expires if they want another caching behavior. This may
# fail if an error occurs early in the bootstrap process, and it may cause
# problems if a non-Drupal PHP file is installed in a subdirectory.
ExpiresActive Off
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
# Various rewrite rules.
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
# Redirect abc.com/path/to/my/page to xyz.com/path/to/my/page
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?abc\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(path/to/my/page)$ http://www.xyz.com/$1 [R=302,L,NC]
# Redirect xyz.com to www.abc.com (except for /path/to/my/page)
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/path/to/my/page$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?xyz\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^ http://www.abc.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=302,L]
# Block access to "hidden" directories whose names begin with a period. This
# includes directories used by version control systems such as Subversion or
# Git to store control files. Files whose names begin with a period, as well
# as the control files used by CVS, are protected by the FilesMatch directive
# above.
#
# NOTE: This only works when mod_rewrite is loaded. Without mod_rewrite, it is
# not possible to block access to entire directories from .htaccess, because
# <DirectoryMatch> is not allowed here.
#
# If you do not have mod_rewrite installed, you should remove these
# directories from your webroot or otherwise protect them from being
# downloaded.
RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
# If your site can be accessed both with and without the 'www.' prefix, you
# can use one of the following settings to redirect users to your preferred
# URL, either WITH or WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix. Choose ONLY one option:
#
# To redirect all users to access the site WITH the 'www.' prefix,
# (http://example.com/... will be redirected to http://www.example.com/...)
# uncomment the following:
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
# RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
#
# To redirect all users to access the site WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix,
# (http://www.example.com/... will be redirected to http://example.com/...)
# uncomment the following:
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
# RewriteRule ^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
# Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory or in a
# VirtualDocumentRoot and the rewrite rules are not working properly.
# For example if your site is at http://example.com/drupal uncomment and
# modify the following line:
# RewriteBase /drupal
#
# If your site is running in a VirtualDocumentRoot at http://example.com/,
# uncomment the following line:
# RewriteBase /
#custom redirects (there are lots of these, all are specific paths used on an old site mapped to their respective pages on the new, reorganized site)
RewriteRule ^specific/old/path/$ http://www.abc.com/corresponding/new/path [R=301,L]
#end custom redirects
# Pass all requests not referring directly to files in the filesystem to
# index.php. Clean URLs are handled in drupal_environment_initialize().
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
# Rules to correctly serve gzip compressed CSS and JS files.
# Requires both mod_rewrite and mod_headers to be enabled.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Serve gzip compressed CSS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip.
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.css $1\.css\.gz [QSA]
# Serve gzip compressed JS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip.
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.js $1\.js\.gz [QSA]
# Serve correct content types, and prevent mod_deflate double gzip.
RewriteRule \.css\.gz$ - [T=text/css,E=no-gzip:1]
RewriteRule \.js\.gz$ - [T=text/javascript,E=no-gzip:1]
<FilesMatch "(\.js\.gz|\.css\.gz)$">
# Serve correct encoding type.
Header set Content-Encoding gzip
# Force proxies to cache gzipped & non-gzipped css/js files separately.
Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
Your code generates a loop. abc.com/path/to/my/page redirect to xyz.com/path/to/my/page, but all xyz urls are redirect to abc.com, so it would redirect back to abc.com/path/to/my/page, over and over again.
# Redirect abc.com/path/to/my/page to xyz.com/path/to/my/page
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?abc\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(path/to/my/page)$ http://www.xyz.com/$1 [R=302,L,NC]
# Redirect xyz.com to www.abc.com (except for /path/to/page)
RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} ^$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/path/to/my/page$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?xyz\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^ http://www.abc.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=302,L]
The rule in your first code was incorrect, redirecting abc.com/path/to/my/page to abc.com/ (and that didn't create a loop).
RewriteRule ^path/to/my/page$ http://www.xyz.com$1 [R,L,NC]
This was because $1 reference to the first pair of parentheses, but you didn't have any. Secondly you needed to add a / before it, or it would redirect to xyz.compath/to/my/page
If this "page" is a file, then you might need to do it this way. I used this to keep all Drupal files served from the original server, then forward all non-file traffic to the new site.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/files/.* [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?iradvocates\.org$ [NC]

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