I have an issue with udev startup on my i.MX6 board. udev-182 was cross-built by the Yocto 1.8 BSP for the board. I see the following output on startup:
INIT: version 2.88 booting
Starting udev
udevd[188]: bind failed: No such file or directory
error binding udev control socket
udevd[188]: error binding udev control socket
I believe the error is a result of the lack of /run/udev/control existing. But I am unsure what creates that.
I noticed this while I was looking into an issue with my touchscreen not working. If I manually restart udev from the command line, everything seems to work fine and my touchscreen begins functioning.
root#nitrogen6x:~# /etc/init.d/udev restart
Stopping udevd
Starting udev
udevd[451]: starting version 182
mxc_v4l_open: Mxc Camera no sensor ipu1/csi0
mxc_cam_select_input: input(0) CSI IC MEM
mxc_v4l_open: Mxc Camera no sensor ipu0/csi0
mxc_v4l_open: Mxc Camera no sensor ipu0/csi1
When I do a restart, /run/udev/control is created.
Any ideas on what could be causing this failure?
Thanks
I had the same issue and I managed to resolve that by appending rootwait rw to my bootargs in u-boot.
For instance, if your bootargs were:
console=ttymxc3,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 mtdparts=spi0.0:512k(uboot),256k(ubootenv),6144k(kernel),256k(fdt),20m(rootfs),-(data)
Change it to:
console=ttymxc3,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=jffs2 rootwait rw mtdparts=spi0.0:512k(uboot),256k(ubootenv),6144k(kernel),256k(fdt),20m(rootfs),-(data)
That's because the kernel mounts the rootfs as r/o by default and thus new files cannot be created by any process at startup.
Compare strace output of "udev start by init" and "udev start from console" might give you some idea.
Related
I am trying to start a crash kernel using Linux's Kernel Crash Dump. Both of the host and crash kernel are compiled linux-4.13.16 kernel. Unfortunately, the crash kernel fails to start after the crash occurs.
iomem reports reserved space for crash kernel and kdump reports its ready for kdump:
28000000-37ffffff : Crash kernel
$ sudo kdump-config show
DUMP_MODE: kdump
USE_KDUMP: 1
KDUMP_SYSCTL: kernel.panic_on_oops=1
KDUMP_COREDIR: /var/crash
crashkernel addr: 0x28000000
/var/lib/kdump/vmlinuz: symbolic link to /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.16ksa
kdump initrd:
/var/lib/kdump/initrd.img: symbolic link to /var/lib/kdump/initrd.img-4.13.16ksa
current state: ready to kdump
kexec command:
/sbin/kexec -p --command-line="BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.13.16ksa root=UUID=3254c608-d885-4dfc-b20b-fa4e69564dca ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 irqpoll noirqdistrib nr_cpus=1 nousb systemd.unit=kdump-tools.service" --initrd=/var/lib/kdump/initrd.img /var/lib/kdump/vmlinuz
$ cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.13.16ksa root=UUID=3254c608-d885-4dfc-b20b-fa4e69564dca ro quiet splash crashkernel=384M-2G:128M,2G-:256M vt.handoff=7
After triggering crash using sysrq-trigger, it doesn't load crash kernel.
I have tested with a generic kernel, linux-4.8.0-36-generic, which successfully works.
Syslog file are here.
Both linux-4.8.0-36-generic and linux-4.13.16ksa has same .config file. Only difference I can see is that during boot, for linux-4.13.0-38, it loads the efi.signed vmlinuz(vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic.efi.signed) where as the compiled linux-4.13.16ksa is not efi signed.
Can it be an issue? How can I resolve this?
I'm running linux on a Atlas-SoC Kit/DE0-Nano-SoC Kit.
Through u-boot I've placed the kernel at a different location.
mcboot=setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200 root=${mmcroot} rw rootwait;bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr}
mmcload=mmc rescan;${mmcloadcmd} mmc 0:${mmcloadpart} ${loadaddr} ${bootimage};${mmcloadcmd} mmc 0:${mmcloadpart} ${fdtaddr} ${fdtimage}
mmcloadcmd=fatload
mmcloadpart=1
mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p2 mem=744M memmap=744M$256M
the last line, request 744M starting at 256M offset.
No my question is, how can i verify that this actually happend? This since i'm reading mixed solutions online between using device-tree and memmap configurations. And i want to make sure, before i continue on writing the device driver section.
My /proc/iomem:
root#cyclone5:~# cat /proc/iomem
00000000-2e7fffff : System RAM
00008000-0077656f : Kernel code
007d6000-00859433 : Kernel data
ff702000-ff703fff : /soc/ethernet#ff702000
ff704000-ff704fff : /soc/dwmmc0#ff704000
ffb40000-ffb4fffe : /soc/usb#ffb40000
ffc00000-ffc00fff : c_can_platform
ffc02000-ffc0201f : serial
ffc04000-ffc04fff : /soc/i2c#ffc04000
ffc05000-ffc05fff : /soc/i2c#ffc05000
ffd02000-ffd02fff : /soc/wd#ffd02000
ffe01000-ffe01fff : /soc/amba/pdma#ffe01000
fff01000-fff01fff : fff01000.spi
ffff0000-ffffffff : /soc/sram#ffff0000
any detailed explanations would be highly appreciated,
regards Auke
Device tree and kernel parameter memmap both helps in reserving memory that will not be used by linux kernel. Take a look at linux device tree memory documentation and kernel parameters.
You can use Emulator or high end debugger for example Trace32 to see memory contents.
I installed the current lirc package (0.9.0~pre1-1.2) on a Raspian jessie (no pixel) (everything updated and upgraded) and connected to the (lirc default) GPIO ports:
to gpio port 17 - an IR LED via transistor etc
to gpio port 18 - an IR receiver nodule
The receiver part works perfectly:
mode2 command receiving raw data from transmitter
the IR code recognition of previously recorded keys works
However, the IR LED only works only while lirc is not involved:
a shell script can switch the IR LED on and off with no problem
The only thing that doesn't work:
irsend does not make the IR transmitter emit anything, however no error message is shown
So the hardware, especially the IR LED is definitely working, while lirc cannot make the LED emit any configured IR code.
Please note that this seems to be a duplicate of
stackoverflow: irsend is not giving errors, but does not send signal on Raspbian
Unfortunately it is not. The "solution" provided there was placing the data for /etc/modules into the file /etc/modules-load.d/lirc_rpi.conf. I tried that as well, but it makes no difference.
Any help is greatly appreciated!
Configuration data follows - if any other data is required, I'd be happy to add it! TIA!
System and lirc Configuration
Extract fom: /boot/config.txt
dtoverlay=lirc-rpi,gpio_in_pin=18,gpio_out_pin=17,debug=on
Extract of: /etc/modules
lirc_dev
lirc_rpi gpio_in_pin=18 gpio_out_pin=17
(not sure if that is necessary at all, does not make a difference if this is not configured!? Any hint apppreciated)
All active entries in: /etc/lirc/hardware.conf
LIRCD_ARGS="--uinput"
DRIVER="default"
DEVICE="/dev/lirc0"
MODULES="lirc_rpi"
LIRCD_CONF=""
LIRCMD_CONF=""
Some system output
1) The driver is loaded, output of following command right after boot, output of: dmesg | grep lirc
lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 245
lirc_rpi: module is from the staging directory, the quality is unknown, you have been warned.
lirc_rpi: to_irq 178
lirc_rpi: auto-detected active low receiver on GPIO pin 18
lirc_rpi lirc_rpi: lirc_dev: driver lirc_rpi registered at minor = 0
lirc_rpi: driver registered!
input: lircd as /devices/virtual/input/input0
lirc_rpi: Interrupt 178 obtained
2) the service is started and running, output of: systemctl status lirc
? lirc.service - LSB: Starts LIRC daemon.
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/lirc)
Active: active (running) since Mo 2017-06-12 20:04:03 CEST; 2h 58min ago
Process: 377 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/lirc start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/lirc.service
+-437 /usr/sbin/lircd --driver=default --device=/dev/lirc0 --uinput
3) the modules are loaded, output of: lsmod | grep Module;lsmod | grep lirc
Module Size Used by
lirc_rpi 8453 3
lirc_dev 10211 1 lirc_rpi
rc_core 23776 1 lirc_dev
I followed the troubleshooting steps in the (outdated) manual at http://aron.ws/projects/lirc_rpi/
to get some more information.
Output of: cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio
gpiochip0: GPIOs 0-53, parent: platform/20200000.gpio, pinctrl-bcm2835:
gpio-35 ( |? ) in hi
gpio-47 ( |? ) out lo
I have seen that output also in this case:
raspberrypi.stcakexchange: LIRC won't transmit (irsend: hardware does not support sending)
This user is as irritated by that output as I am - can somebody please tell why gpio-35 and gpio-47 are listed here? shouldn't it be gpio-17 and gpio-18?
Output of: cat /proc/interrupts | grep lirc
178: 875 pinctrl-bcm2835 18 Edge lirc_rpi
This matches the dmesg output on having obtained interrupt 178
Any other dmesg output of lircd, no matter what action, is repeatedly (most likely due to the debug option set) only
lirc_rpi: SET_SEND_CARRIER
lirc_rpi: in init_timing_params, freq=38000 pulse=13157, space=13158
lirc_rpi: SET_SEND_DUTY_CYCLE
lirc_rpi: in init_timing_params, freq=38000 pulse=13157, space=13158
Having restarted testing again after some time for to build up a test copy of the circuit, the problem occurred again. And now, after some more month of much testing, having asked lots of people for help (no one could help), even having purchased and built up a cheap mini USB oscilloscope kit for to examine the hardware further, I finally found the solution.
Long story short: everything in the configuration was correct, and all of the attached hardware was fine. The problem was the testing script - see my remark on
"a shell script can switch the IR LED on and off with no problem"
and as I did not put it in the above description, nobody could have found the solution myself....
The script uses the pseudo files in /sys/class/gpio, see an example here:
raspberry-projects.com: IO pin control from the command line
At the end of the script a command writes to /sys/class/gpio/unexport for cleanup purposes, and this step seems to reset a GPIO port to always end up in the state of being configured for input. As a result LIRC is not longer able to control this GPIO port, since it seems to configure the GPIO port for output only during system boot, and after that always expecting the port to be in that state.
I tracked the problem down to this point by using the gpio utility from the wirinpi package (install with sudo apt-get wiringpi), executing gpio readall and checking for differences.
The time when everything suddenly worked again, I simply may have fogotten about to run my testscript before testing LIRC, which I otherwise always did...
Luckily the problem with the port configuration can easily be fixed without having to reboot the system. Again I use the gpio utility to reset reset the used port for output, where in the below example
the default output port 17 for LIRC is used and
the parameter -g lets the utility use the ordinary GPIO port numbering and not that very different one of the wiringpi package and library
Here is the command, after having executed this last in my test script, LIRC can properly send IR codes again:
gpio -g mode 17 out
I'd like to communicate read from my RTC in C code rather than the "hwclock" shell command.
However, when I use i2cdetect, it shows 0x68(which is my RTC slave address) is having the status "UU", which means "Probing was skipped, because this address is currently in use by a driver". And after I tried the i2cget, its givng "could bot set address to 0x68: Device or resource busy".
So I'm thinking if there are some problem in my Linux kernel that will force to read from my RTC all the time, or some other reason.
Thanks
I am assuming that you are using DS-1307 RTC, or one of its variants (because of 0x68 slave address). Check if its driver is loaded by:
$ lsmod | grep rtc
If you seen an entry of rtc_ds1307, (like this -> rtc_ds1307 17394 0 ) in the output of above command then this driver might be in hold of that address.
If the driver is loaded in system then unload it using
$ rmmod rtc-ds1307
EDIT:
(In light of OP's feedback,) Please do the following
1) cat /sys/bus/i2c/devices/3-0068/modalias. This will give you the name of the kernel driver that is keeping this device busy. Copy the driver-name after the colon(:)
OP's output of the command tells us that its ds1337
2) Check if ds1337 is an alias for a driver, using
grep ds1337 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/modules.alias
Hopefully you will get the following output
alias i2c:ds1337 rtc_ds1307
This confirms our presumption that rtc_ds1307 is infact the driver in hold of the I2C address 0x68.
3) use rmmod rtc_ds1307 to unload the driver.
Note: This will only work if the driver is a Loadable Kernel Module, otherwise you will see the following error:
ERROR: Module rtc_ds1307 does not exist in /proc/modules
In that case you will have to recompile the kernel again with that driver disabled/modularized.
0x68 is being used by some driver,
Disable that driver in kernel source code and recompile source code.
I am building a custom initramfs image that I am building as a CPIO archive into the Linux kernel (3.2).
The issue I am having is that no matter what I try, the kernel does not appear to even attempt to run from the initramfs.
The files I have in my CPIO archive:
cpio -it < initramfs.cpio
.
init
usr
usr/sbin
lib
lib/libcrypt.so.1
lib/libm.so
lib/libc.so.6
lib/libgcc_s.so
lib/libcrypt-2.12.2.so
lib/libgcc_s.so.1
lib/libm-2.12.2.so
lib/libc.so
lib/libc-2.12.2.so
lib/ld-linux.so.3
lib/ld-2.12.2.so
lib/libm.so.6
proc
sbin
mnt
mnt/root
root
etc
bin
bin/sh
bin/mknod
bin/mount
bin/busybox
sys
dev
4468 blocks
Init is very simple, and should just init devices and spawn a shell (for now):
#!/bin/sh
mount -t devtmpfs none /dev
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
/bin/busybox --install -s
exec /bin/sh
In the kernel .config I have:
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="../initramfs.cpio"
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID=0
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID=0
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=1
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE=32768
Kernel builds and the uImage size is larger depending on the initramfs size, so I know the image is being packed. However I get this output when I boot:
console [netcon0] enabled
netconsole: network logging started
omap_rtc omap_rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-02 00:48:38 UTC (946774118)
Warning: unable to open an initial console.
Freeing init memory: 1252K
mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable.
mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address e624
mmcblk0: mmc0:e624 SU08G 7.40 GiB
mmcblk0: p1
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
[<c000d518>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xe0) from [<c0315cf8>] (panic+0x58/0x188)
[<c0315cf8>] (panic+0x58/0x188) from [<c0021520>] (do_exit+0x98/0x6c0)
[<c0021520>] (do_exit+0x98/0x6c0) from [<c0021e88>] (do_group_exit+0xb0/0xdc)
[<c0021e88>] (do_group_exit+0xb0/0xdc) from [<c0021ec4>] (sys_exit_group+0x10/0x18)
[<c0021ec4>] (sys_exit_group+0x10/0x18) from [<c00093a0>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x2c)
From that output, it does not look like it is even trying to extract the CPIO archive as initramfs. I expect to see this printk output, which is present in linux code init/initramfs.c:
printk(KERN_INFO "Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...\n");
I tried the filesystem once booting is complete (using chroot) and it works fine... so I believe the filesystem/libraries are sane.
Could anyone give me some pointers as to what I may have incorrect? Thanks in advance for any assistance!
I figured it out. I will post the answer in case anyone else has this issue.
I was missing a console device, this line was the clue:
Warning: unable to open an initial console.
After adding printk's so that I better understood the startup sequence, I realized that console device is opened prior to running the init script. Therefore, the console device must be in the initramfs filesystem directly, and we cannot rely on the devtmpfs mount to create that.
I think when the init script ran the shell was trying to open the console and failed, that's why the kernel was outputting:
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
Executing the folowing commands from within the /dev directory of initramfs on the kernel build machine will generate the required device nodes:
mknod -m 622 console c 5 1
mknod -m 622 tty0 c 4 0
After re-CPIO archiving the filesystem and rebuilding the kernel, I finally have a working filesystem in initramfs that the kernel will boot.