I am walking around this problem a long time - cgroups just don't want to work when reloading config file again(hangs on mount), have to reboot each time to changes take effect.
This are my steps:
(1.)Fresh start of OS.
(2.)cgsnapshot -s
# Configuration file generated by cgsnapshot
mount {
cpuset = /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset;
cpu = /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu;
cpuacct = /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct;
memory = /sys/fs/cgroup/memory;
devices = /sys/fs/cgroup/devices;
freezer = /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer;
net_cls = /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls;
blkio = /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio;
perf_event = /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event;
}
(3.)cgclear(4.)cgsnapshot -s
# Configuration file generated by cgsnapshot
(5.)cgconfigparser -l /etc/cgconfig.conf (6.)cgsnapshot -s
mount {
cpu = /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio;
cpuacct = /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio;
memory = /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio;
blkio = /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio;
}
group hello1 {
...
group hello2 {
...
(7.)bash script /etc/rc.d/rc.cgred start
Now everything is working, but when i do this (the same config):
(8.)cgclear
(9.)cgconfigparser -l /etc/cgconfig.conf
It hangs forever, when i use strace it stops at:
mount("cgroup", "/cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio", "cgroup", 0,
"cpu,cpuacct,blkio,memory") = ? ERESTARTNOINTR (To be restarted)
Could someone point me whats wrong?
How i can i add new group, without rebooting?
Is this normal behavior of cgroups?
I even tried adding this patch from here:
--- a/kernel/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup.c
<at> <at> -1909,7 +1909,7 <at> <at> static void cgroup_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
*
* And don't kill the default root.
*/
- if (css_has_online_children(&root->cgrp.self) ||
+ if (!list_empty(&root->cgrp.self.children) ||
root == &cgrp_dfl_root)
cgroup_put(&root->cgrp);
else
still testing, but looks the same.
Looks like the right way of doing it, is setting everything from the command line.
mount -t cgroup -o cpu,memory,blkio,cpuacct cpu_mem_blkio /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio
mkdir /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio/hello1
mkdir /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio/hello2
echo 200 > /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio/hello1/cpu.shares
echo 200M > /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio/hello1/memory.limit_in_bytes
echo 400M > /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio/hello1/memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes
echo 100 > /cgroup/cpu_mem_blkio/hello1/blkio.weight
...
Related
So I'm trying to make modifications to an ISO in a Packer instance, but I keep getting the following error message:
==> amazon-ebs.centos-efi: + sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop 'temporary.iso' /tmp/tmp.M5xCLte5mi
==> amazon-ebs.centos-efi: mount: temporary.iso: failed to setup loop device: No such file or directory
And I cannot seem to understand why this is happening. Things I have tried:
I have tried mounting in a different directory.
Running modprobe loop
Running losetup
Creating a loop device: sudo mknod -m640 /dev/loop8 b 7 8
Neither of them worked. So I've come here for some guidance.
I'll provide relevant bits of my Packer template below:
source "amazon-ebs" "centos-efi" {
ami_name = "centos-efi-{{timestamp}}"
ssh_username = "centos"
instance_type = "t2.medium"
region = "${var.aws_region}"
source_ami = "ami-04f798ca92cc13f74"
skip_create_ami = true
tag {
key = "Name"
value = "CentOS EFI Build"
}
launch_block_device_mappings {
device_name = "/dev/sda1"
volume_size = 32
volume_type = "gp2"
delete_on_termination = true
}
}
Provisioner Code:
ISO_ORIG=$(mktemp -d)
ISO_CHANGE=$(mktemp -d)
ls -al /tmp
sleep 15
sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop temporary.iso $ISO_ORIG
cd $ISO_ORIG
Any recommendations?
I sent this question a few months ago to the slurm-dev list, but it is still unsolved.
The problem is: after trying to change the job size as describes the FAQ, I wanted to do it programatically using the API.
Everything seems to work fine before the step of updating the environment variables.
When I launch the application this is what I get:
$ salloc -N1 mpiexec -n 1 ./jobExpansion
salloc: Granted job allocation 559
srun: error: Only allocated 1 nodes asked for 4
In the squeue I can see that the allocation has changed, but srun cannot see the changes.
I continued debugging and if I executed:
$ salloc -N1
$ export SLURM_NODELIST=n04,n06,n00,n01
$ export SLURM_NNODES=4
$ mpiexec -n 1 ./jobExpansion
It worked.
So, I don't want to overwhelm with the complete code but, just in case you could help me I paste here the parts of the resizing:
slurm_init_job_desc_msg(&job);
job.user_id = getuid();
job.min_nodes = hostsToExpand;
job.dependency = (char *) malloc(sizeof (char)*20);
sprintf(job.dependency, (char *) "expand:%s", pID);
//$ salloc -N4 --dependency=expand:$SLURM_JOBID
slurm_alloc_msg_ptr = slurm_allocate_resources_blocking(&job, 0, NULL);
//$ scontrol update jobid=$SLURM_JOBID NumNodes=0
slurm_init_job_desc_msg(&job_update);
job_update.job_id = slurm_alloc_msg_ptr->job_id;
job_update.min_nodes = 0;
slurm_update_job(&job_update);
//exit
slurm_kill_job(slurm_alloc_msg_ptr->job_id, 9, 0);
//$ scontrol update jobid=$SLURM_JOBID NumNodes=ALL
slurm_init_job_desc_msg(&job_update);
job_update.job_id = procID;
job_update.min_nodes = INFINITE;
slurm_update_job(&job_update);
Everything points out the environment variables but I am not sure how to properly update them.
Thank you.
EDITED
If somebody would like test what I've said, here is the repository:
git clone https://siserte#bitbucket.org/siserte/slurm-job-expansion-test.git
I am using a bash script to generate mobility files (setdest) in ns2 for various seeds. But I am running into this troublesome segmentation fault. Any help would be appreciated. The setdest.cc has been modified, so its not the standard ns2 file.
I will walk you through the problem.
This code in a shell script returns the segmentation fault.
#! /bin/sh
setdest="/root/ns-allinone-2.1b9a/ns-2.1b9a/indep-utils/cmu-scen-gen/setdest/setdest_mesh_seed_mod"
let nn="70" #Number of nodes in the simulation
let time="900" #Simulation time
let x="1000" #Horizontal dimensions
let y="1000" #Vertical dimensions
for speed in 5
do
for pause in 10
do
for seed in 1 5
do
echo -e "\n"
echo Seed = $seed Speed = $speed Pause Time = $pause
chmod 700 $setdest
setdest -n $nn -p $pause -s $speed -t $time -x $x -y $y -l 1 -m 50 > scen-mesh-n$nn-seed$seed-p$pause-s$speed-t$time-x$x-y$y
done
done
done
error is
scengen_mesh: line 21: 14144 Segmentation fault $setdest -n $nn -p $pause -s $speed -t $time -x $x -y $y -l 1 -m 50 >scen-mesh-n$nn-seed$seed-p$pause-s$speed-t$time-x$x-y$y
line 21 is the last line of the shell script (done)
The strange thing is If i run the same setdest command on the terminal, there is no problem! like
$setdest -n 70 -p 10 -s 5 -t 900 -x 1000 -y 1000 -l 1 -m 50
I have made out where the problem is exactly. Its with the argument -l. If i remove the argument in the shell script, there is no problem. Now i will walk you through the modified setdest.cc where this argument is coming from.
This modified setdest file uses a text file initpos to read XY coordinates of static nodes for a wireless mesh topology. the relevant lines of code are
FILE *fp_loc;
int locinit;
fp_loc = fopen("initpos","r");
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "r:m:l:n:p:s:t:x:y:i:o")) != EOF) {
switch (ch) {
case 'l':
locinit = atoi(optarg);
break;
default:
usage(argv);
exit(1);
if(locinit)
fscanf(fp_loc,"%lf %lf",&position.X, &position.Y);
if (position.X == -1 && position.Y == -1){
position.X = uniform() * MAXX;
position.Y = uniform() * MAXY;
}
What i dont get is...
In Shell script..
-option -l if supplied by 0 returns no error,
-but if supplied by any other value (i used 1 mostly) returns this segmentation fault.
In Terminal..
-no segmentation fault with any value. 0 or 1
something to do with the shell script surely. I am amazed what is going wrong where!
Your help will be highly appreciated.
Cheers
I want to set up a headless Linux (Debian Wheezy) PC with whole disk encryption, with the ability to unlock the disk either with a USB drive, or by entering a passphrase by keyboard. My starting point is a fresh install using the basic whole disk encryption option in the Debian Installer, which manages everything besides /boot as a LUKS-encrypted logical volume group and gives me the keyboard option. I will describe my current solution in an answer, in hopes that it will be useful and that others can improve on it.
Here are some of the issues I had:
Setting up a passphrase and putting it on the USB drive.
Loading the USB modules in time.
Waiting for the USB drive to recognized by Linux before trying to read from it.
Identifying the correct USB drive (not some other drive that happens to be inserted).
Writing a "keyscript" to pull a passphrase off the USB drive.
Ensuring that the fall-back to keyboard kicks in in all USB failure cases.
I will accept an answer with significant improvements and upvote answers that offer contributions.
A lot of my solution is derived from the post, Using A USB Key For The LUKS Passphrase.
Create a random passphrase:
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=256 > passphrase
Insert a USB drive. dmesg output will show the device name; assume /dev/sdd. Figure out its size:
blockdev --getsize64 /dev/sdd
I decided to install the passphrase at the end of the raw device, figuring it might survive any accidental use of the USB drive.
dd if=passphrase of=/dev/sdd bs=1 seek=<size-256>
Add the passphrase to the LUKS volume:
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda5 passphrase
This does not affect the existing hand-entered passphrase from the installer. The passphrase file can be deleted:
rm passphrase
Find a unique name for the USB stick, so we can identify it when present:
ls -l /dev/disk/by-id | grep -w sdd
You should see one symlink. I will call it /dev/disk/by-id/<ID>.
Edit /etc/crypttab. You should see a line like:
sdc5_crypt UUID=b9570e0f-3bd3-40b0-801f-ee20ac460207 none luks
Modify it to:
sdc5_crypt UUID=b9570e0f-3bd3-40b0-801f-ee20ac460207 /dev/disk/by-id/<ID> luks,keyscript=/bin/passphrase-from-usb
The keyscript referred to above will need to read the passphrase from the USB device. However, it needs to do more than that. To understand how it is used, check /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top/cryptroot, the script that runs at boot time to unlock the root device. Note when a keyscript is set, it is simply run and the output piped to luksOpen with no other checking. There is no way to signal an error (USB drive not present) or fall back to keyboard input. If the passphrase fails, the keyscript is run again in a loop, up to some number of times; however we are not told which iteration we are on. Also, we have no control over when the keyscript is run, so we can't be sure Linux has recognized the USB drive.
I addressed this with some hacks:
Poll on the USB drive and wait 3 seconds for it to appear. This works for me, but I would love to know a better way.
Create a dummy file /passphrase-from-usb-tried on first run to indicate that we have been run at least once.
If we have been run at least once, or the USB drive cannot be found, run the askpass program used by cryptroot for keyboard input.
The final script:
#!/bin/sh
set -e
if ! [ -e /passphrase-from-usb-tried ]; then
touch /passphrase-from-usb-tried
if ! [ -e "$CRYPTTAB_KEY" ]; then
echo "Waiting for USB stick to be recognized..." >&2
sleep 3
fi
if [ -e "$CRYPTTAB_KEY" ]; then
echo "Unlocking the disk $CRYPTTAB_SOURCE ($CRYPTTAB_NAME) from USB key" >&2
dd if="$CRYPTTAB_KEY" bs=1 skip=129498880 count=256 2>/dev/null
exit
else
echo "Can't find $CRYPTTAB_KEY; USB stick not present?" >&2
fi
fi
/lib/cryptsetup/askpass "Unlocking the disk $CRYPTTAB_SOURCE ($CRYPTTAB_NAME)\nEnter passphrase: "
Finally, we need to ensure that this script is available in the initramfs. Create /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/passphrase-from-usb containing:
#!/bin/sh
PREREQ=""
prereqs() {
echo "$PREREQ"
}
case "$1" in
prereqs)
prereqs
exit 0
;;
esac
. "${CONFDIR}/initramfs.conf"
. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions
copy_exec /bin/passphrase-from-usb /bin
The USB drivers were not present in my initramfs. (It appears they are by default in later versions of Debian.) I had to add them by adding to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules:
uhci_hcd
ehci_hcd
usb_storage
When all is done, update the initramfs:
update-initramfs -u
It would be ideal to me if I could simply have a small USB stick containing a passphrase that will
unlock the disk. Not only would that be handy for servers (where you could leave the USB stick in the
server - the goal is to be able to return broken harddisks without having to worry about confidential data), it would also be great for my laptop: Insert the USB stick when booting and remove it after
unlocking the cryptodisk.
I have now written a patch that will search the root dir of all devices for the file 'cryptkey.txt' and try decrypting
with each line as a key. If that fails: Revert to typing in the pass phrase.
It does mean the key cannot contain \n, but that would apply to any typed in key, too. The good part is that you can use the same USB disk to store the key for multiple machines: You do not need a separate USB disk for each. So if you have a USB drive in your physical key ring, you can use the same drive for all the machines you boot when being physically close.
You add the key with:
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda5
And then put the same key as a line in a file on the USB/MMC disk called 'cryptkey.txt'. The patch is here:
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=864647
If the USB drivers, MMC drivers or the filesystems are not present in your initramfs, you need to add them by adding to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules:
uhci_hcd
ehci_hcd
usb_storage
nls_utf8
nls_cp437
vfat
fat
sd_mod
mmc_block
tifm_sd
tifm_core
mmc_core
tifm_7xx1
sdhci
sdhci_pci
When all is done, update the initramfs:
update-initramfs -u
It can be found as patch and file at: https://gitlab.com/ole.tange/tangetools/tree/master/decrypt-root-with-usb
despite the great answer from #Andrew which works in previous versions. The solution actually is outdated and needs lots of tuning for ubuntu 18.04 and 19.10. So I want to share my research on this.
There are several catches about crypttab. The sepcs actually changed a lot from 14.04 to 18.04 and to 19.10. It starts to support more parameters for cryptsetup. For example keyfile-offset, keyfile-size, etc. Some of the options e.g. nobootwait are gone. Some parameters supported in other distro already but is not supported in ubuntu yet (for example very nice parameter keyfile-timeout. This can eliminate the entire keyscript since it will automatically fallback to keyboard input after the keyfile-timeout.)
The major pit-fall for crypttab on ubuntu is that it actually processed by 2 different processes. One is the traditionally initramfs and another is the modern systemd. Systemd is supposed to be more advanced and flexiable in many aspect. However, systemd has poor support for crypptab, there are many options such as keyscript just silently ignored. so I have no idea what is going on, until I spotted this post. Almost all the posts online about crypttab settings is for initramfs not for systemd. So we need to add initramfs to all the entries in crypttab to avoid problems.
I also discovered a nice way to debug our keyscript and crypttab without VM or repeatedly rebooting. It is cryptdisks_start. Before we actually propagate our changes to initramfs, we should always test it with this nice command. Otherwise, you have to end-up locked out from your system and can only recover it through chroot environment.
#andrew posted a nice way to use data hide in the raw area of a file system. However, I found it is very annoying when we want to automatically create partitions and dd the raw data to lots of usbkeys, we have to calculate the offset for all different file systems and different partition sizes. Moreover, if a user accidentally write onto the FS, there is some risk that the key got overritten. A raw partition without any FS on it makes more sense in this case. However raw partition does not have UUID which is not very useful for automatic unlocking. Thus, I would like introduce a way just use normal passphrase files on the usbkey filesystem. The major issue of passdev is it does not seek/stop during reading the file. Thus we cannot use the keyfile-offset and keyfile-size option when we want to fallback to keyboard input. Because cryptsetup will actually try to skip in the input content and if the content is shorter than keyfile-size, it raises an error. This also means if there is large offset, passdev can be very slow since it always read from beginning. However, there is no point to implement offset and keyfile size for a actual file on file system. I believe those are created for raw device.
The crypttab
luks-part UUID="<uuid>" /dev/disk/by-uuid/<keyfile FS uuid>:/<keyfile path relative to usbkey root>:<timeout in sec> luks,keyfile-offset=<seek to the key>,keyfile-size=<>,keyscript=/bin/passphrase-from-usbfs.sh,tries=<number of times to try>,initramfs
the keyscript passphrase-from-usbfs.sh utilized the /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev which will wait the usb device and mount the fs then pipe out the file content. It supports the CRYPTTAB_KEY in format of /device-path/<keyfile FS uuid>:/<keyfile path relative to usbkey root>:<timeout in sec>.
#!/bin/sh
#all message need to echo to stderr, the stdout is used for passphrase
# TODO: we may need to do something about the plymouth
echo "CRYPTTAB_KEY=$CRYPTTAB_KEY" >&2
echo "CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_offset=$CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_offset" >&2
#set your offset and file size here if your system does not support those paramters
#CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_offset=
#CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_size=
echo "timeout=$CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_timeout" >&2
CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_timeout=10 # keyfile-timeout is not supported yet
pass=$(/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev $CRYPTTAB_KEY)
rc=$?
if ! [ $rc -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Can't find $CRYPTTAB_KEY; USB stick not present?" >&2
/lib/cryptsetup/askpass "Unlocking the disk $CRYPTTAB_SOURCE ($CRYPTTAB_NAME) Enter passphrase: "
else
echo "successfully load passphrase." >&2
echo -n $pass
fi
The hook tell update-initramfs to copy our scripts.
#!/bin/sh
PREREQ=""
prereqs() {
echo "$PREREQ"
}
case "$1" in
prereqs)
prereqs
exit 0
;;
esac
. "${CONFDIR}/initramfs.conf"
. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions
copy_exec /bin/passphrase-from-usbfs.sh
copy_exec /bin/passphrase-from-usb.sh
#when using passdev we need to hook additionaly FS and binary
copy_exec /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev
manual_add_modules ext4 ext3 ext2 vfat btrfs reiserfs xfs jfs ntfs iso9660 udf
Finally I posted the updated version of passphrase-from-usb.sh which can use the new parameters in crypttab:
To accompany excellent answers above please see C routines you could use to write/generate and read raw block device key. The "readkey.c" extracts key of given size from block device and "writekey.c" can generate or write existing key to raw device. The "readkey.c" once compiled can be used in custom script to extract key of known size from raw block device like so:
readkey </path/to/device> <keysize>
To see usage for "writekey", after compiled run it with no flags.
To compile just use:
gcc readkey.c -o readkey
gcc writekey.c -o writekey
I tested both on Verbatim 16GB USB 2.0 USB flash drive with custom "keyscript=" in crypttab also published below. The idea for "crypto-usb.sh" is from "debian etch" cryptsetup guide.
crypto-usb.sh:
#!/bin/sh
echo ">>> Trying to get the key from agreed space <<<" >&2
modprobe usb-storage >/dev/null 2>&1
sleep 4
OPENED=0
disk="/sys/block/sdb"
boot_dir="/boot"
readkey="/boot/key/readkey"
echo ">>> Trying device: $disk <<<" >&2
F=$disk/dev
if [ 0`cat $disk/removable` -eq 1 -a -f $F ]; then
mkdir -p $boot_dir
mount /dev/sda1 $boot_dir -t ext2 >&2
echo ">>> Attempting key extraction <<<" >&2
if [ -f $readkey ]; then
# prints key array to the caller
$readkey /dev/sdb 4096
OPENED=1
fi
umount $boot_dir >&2
fi
if [ $OPENED -eq 0 ]; then
echo "!!! FAILED to find suitable key !!!" >&2
echo -n ">>> Try to enter your password: " >&2
read -s -r A
echo -n "$A"
else
echo ">>> Success loading key <<<" >&2
fi
When generating the key size of the key has to be provided, generated key is saved to ".tmpckey" file with file permissions 0600 for later use. When writing existing key, size is determined by measuring the existing key size. This looks like complex approach however once compiled with simple "gcc" it can provide easy way of manipulating the raw key content.
readkey.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int blockSize = 512;
int keySize = 2048;
FILE *device;
if ( argc == 3
&& (sizeof(argv[1]) / sizeof(char)) > 1
&& (sizeof(argv[2]) / sizeof(char)) > 1
&& (atoi(argv[2]) % 512) == 0
) {
device = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if(device == NULL) {
printf("\nI got trouble opening the device %s\n", argv[1]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
keySize = atoi(argv[2]);
}
else if ( argc == 2
&& (sizeof(argv[1]) / sizeof(char)) > 1
) {
device = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if(device == NULL) {
printf("\nI got trouble opening the device %s\n", argv[1]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
else {
printf("\nUsage: \n");
printf("\nKey Size Provided: \n");
printf("\n\t\treadkey </path/to/device> <keysize> \n");
printf("\nDefault key size: %d\n", keySize);
printf("\n\t\treadkey </path/to/device>\n");
exit(1);
}
int count;
char *block;
/* Verify if key is multiple of blocks */
int numBlocks = 0;
if (keySize % 512 != 0) {
printf("\nSory but key size is not multiple of block size, try again. TA.\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Seek till the end to get disk size and position to start */
fseek(device, 0, SEEK_END);
/* Determine where is the end */
long endOfDisk = ftell(device);
/* Make sure we start again */
rewind(device); // Do I need it ???
/* Get the required amount minus block size */
long startFrom = endOfDisk - blockSize - keySize;
/* Allocate space for bloc */
block = calloc(keySize, sizeof(char));
/* Start reading from specified block */
fseek(device, startFrom, SEEK_SET);
fread(block, 1, keySize, device);
/* Do something with the data */
for(count = 0; count < keySize/*sizeof(block)*/; count++){
printf("%c", block[count]);
}
/* Close file */
fclose(device);
/* Make sure freed array is zeroed */
memset(block, 0, keySize);
free(block);
}
writekey.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int blockSize = 512;
int keySize = 2048;
int count;
unsigned char *block;
/*
Thing to always remember that argv starts from 0 - the name of the program, and argc starts from 1 i.e. 1 is the name of the program.
*/
if ( argc == 3
&& strcmp(argv[1], "genwrite") != 0
&& (sizeof(argv[2]) / sizeof(char)) > 2
) {
char ch;
FILE *keyF;
keyF = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (keyF == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
/* Tell key Size */
fseek(keyF, 0, SEEK_END);
keySize = ftell(keyF);
rewind(keyF);
printf("\nKey Size: %d\n", keySize);
block = calloc(keySize, sizeof(char));
printf("\n-- Start Key --:\n");
for(count = 0; count < keySize/*sizeof(block)*/; count++){
char ch = fgetc(keyF);
block[count] = ch;
/*
Uncomment below to see your key on screen
*/
// printf("%c",ch);
}
printf("\n-- End Key --:\n");
fclose(keyF);
}
else if ( argc == 3
&& strcmp(argv[1], "genwrite") == 0
&& (sizeof(argv[2]) / sizeof(char)) > 2
)
{
printf("\n-- Attempting to create random key(ish --) of size: %d\n", keySize);
block = calloc(keySize, sizeof(char));
int count;
for(count = 0; count < keySize/*sizeof(block)*/; count++){
block[count] = (char) rand();
}
FILE *tmpfile;
tmpfile = fopen(".tmpckey", "w");
if(tmpfile == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fwrite(block, 1, keySize, tmpfile);
fclose(tmpfile);
chmod(".tmpckey", 0600);
}
else if ( argc == 4
&& strcmp(argv[1], "genwrite") == 0
&& (sizeof(argv[2]) / sizeof(char)) > 2
&& ((atoi(argv[3]) % 512) == 0)
)
{
keySize = atoi(argv[3]);
printf("\n-- Attempting to create random key(ish --) of size: %d\n", keySize);
block = calloc(keySize, sizeof(char));
int count;
for(count = 0; count < keySize/*sizeof(block)*/; count++){
block[count] = (char) rand();
}
FILE *tmpfile;
tmpfile = fopen(".tmpckey", "w");
if(tmpfile == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fwrite(block, 1, keySize, tmpfile);
fclose(tmpfile);
chmod(".tmpckey", 0600);
}
else {
printf("\n");
printf("################################################################################\n");
printf("# #\n");
printf("# Usage: #\n");
printf("# #\n");
printf("################################################################################\n");
printf("#> To write existing key to device: #\n");
printf("# #\n");
printf("# writekey </path/to/keyfile> </path/to/removable/sd*> #\n");
printf("# #\n");
printf("#> To generate and write pseudo random key, #\n");
printf("#> key will be saved to temporary file .tmpckey #\n");
printf("# #\n");
printf("# writekey genwrite </path/to/removable/sd*> <keysize in multiples of 512> #\n");
printf("# #\n");
printf("#> When keysize is not provided default size is set to %d. #\n", keySize);
printf("# #\n");
printf("################################################################################\n");
exit(1);
}
/*
Some printf debugging below, uncomment when needed to see what is going on.
*/
/*
printf("\nNumber of Args: %d\n", argc);
printf("\nCurrently block array contains: \n");
for(count = 0; count < keySize; count++){
printf("%c", block[count]);
}
printf("\n-- End block -- \n");
*/
/* Open Device itp... */
FILE *device = fopen(argv[2], "a");
if(device == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
printf("\nDevice to write: %s\n", argv[2]);
fseek(device, 0, SEEK_END);
/* Determine where is the end */
long endOfDisk = ftell(device);
printf("\nDevice Size: %ld\n", endOfDisk);
/* Verify if key is multiple of blocks */
int numBlocks = 0;
if (keySize % 512 != 0 || endOfDisk < (blockSize + keySize) ) {
printf("\nSorry but key size is not multiple of block size or device you trying to write to is too small, try again. TA.\n");
fclose(device);
exit(1);
}
/* Make sure we start again */
rewind(device);
/* Get the required amount sunbstracting block size */
long startFrom = endOfDisk - blockSize - keySize;
/* Write some data to the disk */
printf("\nWriting data starting from: %ld\n", startFrom);
fseek(device, startFrom, SEEK_SET);
fwrite(block, 1, keySize, device);
printf("\nBlock Position after data write procedure : %ld\n", ftell(device));
/*
Below is just for convenience, to read what was written,
can aid in debugging hence left commented for later.
*/
/*
printf("\nAmount of Data written : %ld\n", ftell(device) - startFrom);
// Start reading from specified block
printf("\n>>>>>>>> DEBUGGING SECTION <<<<<<<<<\n");
rewind(device); //
fseek(device, startFrom, SEEK_SET);
printf("\nBlock Position before read attempted: %d\n", ftell(device));
printf("\nKey size: %d\n", keySize);
fread(block, 1, keySize, device);
// Do something with the data
printf("\nBlock Position startFrom: %ld\n", startFrom);
printf("\nBlock Position after read: %d\n", ftell(device));
printf("\n-- Buffer Read: --\n");
for(count = 0; count < keySize; count++){
printf("%c", block[count]);
}
printf("\n-- End block -- \n");
printf("\n-- -- \n");
printf("\n-- -- \n");
*/
/* Close file */
fclose(device);
/* Make sure freed array is zeroed */
memset(block, 0, keySize);
free(block);
/* Return success, might change it to be useful return not place holder */
return 0;
}
To verify key written to raw device is the same as the one in file(below will output nothing if keys are identical):
diff -B <(./readkey </path/to/device> 4096) <(cat .tmpckey)
Or for existing key generated using own means:
diff -B <(./readkey </path/to/device> <generated elsewhere key size>) <(cat </path/to/keyfile>)
Thank You
Here is a solution similar to the one by Andrew, but
using CRYPTTAB_TRIED described in the Debian crypttab man page to distinguish tries, and
calling the existing standard keyscript /lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev on the first try.
Create your keyfile or keypartition as usual for the passdev script.
Create the following file /usr/local/bin/key-from-usb and make it executable.
#!/bin/sh
set -e
if [ $CRYPTTAB_TRIED -ge 1 ]; then
/lib/cryptsetup/askpass "Second try to unlock $CRYPTTAB_SOURCE ($CRYPTTAB_NAME). Please enter passphrase: "
else
/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev $CRYPTTAB_KEY
fi
In /etc/crypttab use the parameter keyscript=/usr/local/bin/key-from-usb.
Create /etc/initramfs-tools/hooks/key-from-usb with this content:
#!/bin/sh
PREREQ=""
prereqs() {
echo "$PREREQ"
}
case "$1" in
prereqs)
prereqs
exit 0
;;
esac
. "${CONFDIR}/initramfs.conf"
. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions
manual_add_modules vfat
copy_exec /usr/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev /usr/lib/cryptsetup/scripts/passdev
copy_exec /usr/local/bin/key-from-usb /usr/local/bin/key-from-usb
The first copy_exec line here is needed because passdev is not copied if it is not mentioned in crypttab. Similarly, manual_add_modules vfat will ensure that a vfat usb disk can still be used.
Hint: Use lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-... and diff/compare the results to check that the script and all its dependencies are included.
What is the proper way to get a list of all available serial ports/devices on a Linux system?
In other words, when I iterate over all devices in /dev/, how do I tell which ones are serial ports in the classic way, that is, those usually supporting baud rates and RTS/CTS flow control?
The solution would be coded in C.
I ask because I am using a third-party library that does this clearly wrong: It appears to only iterate over /dev/ttyS*. The problem is that there are, for instance, serial ports over USB (provided by USB-RS232 adapters), and those are listed under /dev/ttyUSB*. And reading the Serial-HOWTO at Linux.org, I get the idea that there'll be other name spaces as well, as time comes.
So I need to find the official way to detect serial devices. The problem is that none appears to be documented, or I can't find it.
I imagine one way would be to open all files from /dev/tty* and call a specific ioctl() on them that is only available on serial devices. Would that be a good solution, though?
Update
hrickards suggested to look at the source for "setserial".
Its code does exactly what I had in mind:
First, it opens a device with:
fd = open (path, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK)
Then it invokes:
ioctl (fd, TIOCGSERIAL, &serinfo)
If that call returns no error, then it's a serial device, apparently.
I found similar code in Serial Programming/termios, which suggested to also add the O_NOCTTY option.
There is one problem with this approach, though:
When I tested this code on BSD Unix (that is, Mac OS X), it worked as well. However, serial devices that are provided through Bluetooth cause the system (driver) to try to connect to the Bluetooth device, which takes a while before it'll return with a timeout error. This is caused by just opening the device. And I can imagine that similar things can happen on Linux as well - ideally, I should not need to open the device to figure out its type. I wonder if there's also a way to invoke ioctl functions without an open, or open a device in a way that it does not cause connections to be made?
What should I do?
The /sys filesystem should contain plenty information for your quest. My system (2.6.32-40-generic #87-Ubuntu) suggests:
/sys/class/tty
Which gives you descriptions of all TTY devices known to the system. A trimmed down example:
# ll /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:43 /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB0 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:44 /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB1 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/ttyUSB1/tty/ttyUSB1/
Following one of these links:
# ll /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB0/
insgesamt 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:43 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:43 ../
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-03-28 20:49 dev
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:43 device -> ../../../ttyUSB0/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:49 power/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:43 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../../../class/tty/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-03-28 20:43 uevent
Here the dev file contains this information:
# cat /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB0/dev
188:0
This is the major/minor node. These can be searched in the /dev directory to get user-friendly names:
# ll -R /dev |grep "188, *0"
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 2012-03-28 20:44 ttyUSB0
The /sys/class/tty dir contains all TTY devices but you might want to exclude those pesky virtual terminals and pseudo terminals. I suggest you examine only those which have a device/driver entry:
# ll /sys/class/tty/*/device/driver
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 19:07 /sys/class/tty/ttyS0/device/driver -> ../../../bus/pnp/drivers/serial/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 19:07 /sys/class/tty/ttyS1/device/driver -> ../../../bus/pnp/drivers/serial/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 19:07 /sys/class/tty/ttyS2/device/driver -> ../../../bus/platform/drivers/serial8250/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 19:07 /sys/class/tty/ttyS3/device/driver -> ../../../bus/platform/drivers/serial8250/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 20:43 /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB0/device/driver -> ../../../../../../../../bus/usb-serial/drivers/ftdi_sio/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-03-28 21:15 /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB1/device/driver -> ../../../../../../../../bus/usb-serial/drivers/ftdi_sio/
In recent kernels (not sure since when) you can list the contents of /dev/serial to get a list of the serial ports on your system. They are actually symlinks pointing to the correct /dev/ node:
flu0#laptop:~$ ls /dev/serial/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2011-07-20 17:12 by-id/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2011-07-20 17:12 by-path/
flu0#laptop:~$ ls /dev/serial/by-id/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2011-07-20 17:12 usb-Prolific_Technology_Inc._USB-Serial_Controller-if00-port0 -> ../../ttyUSB0
flu0#laptop:~$ ls /dev/serial/by-path/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2011-07-20 17:12 pci-0000:00:0b.0-usb-0:3:1.0-port0 -> ../../ttyUSB0
This is a USB-Serial adapter, as you can see. Note that when there are no serial ports on the system, the /dev/serial/ directory does not exists. Hope this helps :).
I found
dmesg | grep tty
doing the job.
I'm doing something like the following code. It works for USB-devices and also the stupid serial8250-devuices that we all have 30 of - but only a couple of them realy works.
Basically I use concept from previous answers. First enumerate all tty-devices in /sys/class/tty/. Devices that does not contain a /device subdir is filtered away. /sys/class/tty/console is such a device. Then the devices actually containing a devices in then accepted as valid serial-port depending on the target of the driver-symlink fx.
$ ls -al /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB0//device/driver
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 sep 6 21:28 /sys/class/tty/ttyUSB0//device/driver -> ../../../bus/platform/drivers/usbserial
and for ttyS0
$ ls -al /sys/class/tty/ttyS0//device/driver
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 sep 6 21:28 /sys/class/tty/ttyS0//device/driver -> ../../../bus/platform/drivers/serial8250
All drivers driven by serial8250 must be probes using the previously mentioned ioctl.
if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGSERIAL, &serinfo)==0) {
// If device type is no PORT_UNKNOWN we accept the port
if (serinfo.type != PORT_UNKNOWN)
the_port_is_valid
Only port reporting a valid device-type is valid.
The complete source for enumerating the serialports looks like this. Additions are welcome.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/serial.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
static string get_driver(const string& tty) {
struct stat st;
string devicedir = tty;
// Append '/device' to the tty-path
devicedir += "/device";
// Stat the devicedir and handle it if it is a symlink
if (lstat(devicedir.c_str(), &st)==0 && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
char buffer[1024];
memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
// Append '/driver' and return basename of the target
devicedir += "/driver";
if (readlink(devicedir.c_str(), buffer, sizeof(buffer)) > 0)
return basename(buffer);
}
return "";
}
static void register_comport( list<string>& comList, list<string>& comList8250, const string& dir) {
// Get the driver the device is using
string driver = get_driver(dir);
// Skip devices without a driver
if (driver.size() > 0) {
string devfile = string("/dev/") + basename(dir.c_str());
// Put serial8250-devices in a seperate list
if (driver == "serial8250") {
comList8250.push_back(devfile);
} else
comList.push_back(devfile);
}
}
static void probe_serial8250_comports(list<string>& comList, list<string> comList8250) {
struct serial_struct serinfo;
list<string>::iterator it = comList8250.begin();
// Iterate over all serial8250-devices
while (it != comList8250.end()) {
// Try to open the device
int fd = open((*it).c_str(), O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_NOCTTY);
if (fd >= 0) {
// Get serial_info
if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGSERIAL, &serinfo)==0) {
// If device type is no PORT_UNKNOWN we accept the port
if (serinfo.type != PORT_UNKNOWN)
comList.push_back(*it);
}
close(fd);
}
it ++;
}
}
list<string> getComList() {
int n;
struct dirent **namelist;
list<string> comList;
list<string> comList8250;
const char* sysdir = "/sys/class/tty/";
// Scan through /sys/class/tty - it contains all tty-devices in the system
n = scandir(sysdir, &namelist, NULL, NULL);
if (n < 0)
perror("scandir");
else {
while (n--) {
if (strcmp(namelist[n]->d_name,"..") && strcmp(namelist[n]->d_name,".")) {
// Construct full absolute file path
string devicedir = sysdir;
devicedir += namelist[n]->d_name;
// Register the device
register_comport(comList, comList8250, devicedir);
}
free(namelist[n]);
}
free(namelist);
}
// Only non-serial8250 has been added to comList without any further testing
// serial8250-devices must be probe to check for validity
probe_serial8250_comports(comList, comList8250);
// Return the lsit of detected comports
return comList;
}
int main() {
list<string> l = getComList();
list<string>::iterator it = l.begin();
while (it != l.end()) {
cout << *it << endl;
it++;
}
return 0;
}
I think I found the answer in my kernel source documentation:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.37-rc3/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
1.7 TTY info in /proc/tty
-------------------------
Information about the available and actually used tty's can be found in the
directory /proc/tty.You'll find entries for drivers and line disciplines in
this directory, as shown in Table 1-11.
Table 1-11: Files in /proc/tty
..............................................................................
File Content
drivers list of drivers and their usage
ldiscs registered line disciplines
driver/serial usage statistic and status of single tty lines
..............................................................................
To see which tty's are currently in use, you can simply look into the file
/proc/tty/drivers:
> cat /proc/tty/drivers
pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-255 pty:slave
pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-255 pty:master
pty_slave /dev/ttyp 3 0-255 pty:slave
pty_master /dev/pty 2 0-255 pty:master
serial /dev/cua 5 64-67 serial:callout
serial /dev/ttyS 4 64-67 serial
/dev/tty0 /dev/tty0 4 0 system:vtmaster
/dev/ptmx /dev/ptmx 5 2 system
/dev/console /dev/console 5 1 system:console
/dev/tty /dev/tty 5 0 system:/dev/tty
unknown /dev/tty 4 1-63 console
Here is a link to this file:
http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/next/linux-next.git;a=blob_plain;f=Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt;hb=e8883f8057c0f7c9950fa9f20568f37bfa62f34a
setserial with the -g option appears to do what you want and the C source is available at http://www.koders.com/c/fid39344DABD14604E70DF1B8FEA7D920A94AF78BF8.aspx.
I have no serial device here to test it, but if you have python and dbus you can try it yourself.
import dbus
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
hwmanager = bus.get_object('org.freedesktop.Hal', '/org/freedesktop/Hal/Manager')
hwmanager_i = dbus.Interface(hwmanager, 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Manager')
print hwmanager_i.FindDeviceByCapability("serial")
If it fails you can search inside hwmanager_i.GetAllDevicesWithProperties() to see if the capability name "serial" that I just guessed has a different name.
HTH
Using /proc/tty/drivers only indicates which tty drivers are loaded. If you're looking for a list of the serial ports check out /dev/serial, it will have two subdirectories: by-id and by-path.
EX:
# find . -type l
./by-path/usb-0:1.1:1.0-port0
./by-id/usb-Prolific_Technology_Inc._USB-Serial_Controller-if00-port0
Thanks to this post: https://superuser.com/questions/131044/how-do-i-know-which-dev-ttys-is-my-serial-port
My approach via group dialout to get every tty with user 'dialout'
ls -l /dev/tty* | grep 'dialout'
to only get its folder
ls -l /dev/tty* | grep 'dialout' | rev | cut -d " " -f1 | rev
easy listen to the tty output e.g. when arduino serial out:
head --lines 1 < /dev/ttyUSB0
listen to every tty out for one line only:
for i in $(ls -l /dev/tty* | grep 'dialout' | rev | cut -d " " -f1 | rev); do head --lines 1 < $i; done
I really like the approach via looking for drivers:
ll /sys/class/tty/*/device/driver
You can pick the tty-Name now:
ls /sys/class/tty/*/device/driver | grep 'driver' | cut -d "/" -f 5
I do not have a USB serial device, but there must be a way to find the real ports using the HAL libraries directly:
====================================================================
#! /usr/bin/env bash
#
# Uses HAL to find existing serial hardware
#
for sport in $(hal-find-by-capability --capability serial) ; do
hal-get-property --udi "${sport}" --key serial.device
done
====================================================================
The posted python-dbus code nor this sh script lists the bluetooth /dev/rfcomm* devices, so it is not the best solution.
Note that on other unix platforms, the serial ports are not named ttyS? and even in linux, some serial cards allow you to name the devices. Assuming a pattern in the serial devices names is wrong.
My solution is based on udev library and below code is based on the example2:
#include <string.h>
#include <libudev.h>
bool enumerate_serial_ports(void)
{
struct udev* udev;
struct udev_enumerate* enumerate;
struct udev_list_entry* devices, *dev_list_entry;
/* create udev object */
udev = udev_new();
if (!udev)
{
SPDLOG_ERROR("Cannot create udev context.");
return false;
}
/* create enumerate object */
enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
if (!enumerate)
{
SPDLOG_ERROR("Cannot create enumerate context.");
udev_unref(udev);
return false;
}
udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "tty");
udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
/* fillup device list */
devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
if (!devices)
{
SPDLOG_ERROR("Failed to get device list.");
udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
udev_unref(udev);
return false;
}
udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices)
{
struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry));
// filter out virtual ports
if((udev_device_get_sysnum(dev) != NULL) && (strstr(udev_device_get_devpath(dev), "/devices/virtual/") == NULL))
{
SPDLOG_DEBUG("subsystem={}", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev));
SPDLOG_DEBUG("syspath={}", udev_device_get_syspath(dev));
SPDLOG_DEBUG("sysname={}", udev_device_get_sysname(dev));
SPDLOG_DEBUG("sysnum={}", udev_device_get_sysnum(dev));
SPDLOG_DEBUG("devnode={}", udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
SPDLOG_DEBUG("-----------------------------------------");
}
/* free dev */
udev_device_unref(dev);
}
/* free enumerate */
udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
/* free udev */
udev_unref(udev);
return true;
}
And the output on a RPI4 with an USB serial adaptor:
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - subsystem=tty
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - syspath=/sys/devices/platform/scb/fd500000.pcie/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.0/0000:01:00.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.3/1-1.3:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - sysname=ttyUSB0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - sysnum=0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - devnode=/dev/ttyUSB0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - -----------------------------------------
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - subsystem=tty
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - syspath=/sys/devices/platform/soc/fe201000.serial/tty/ttyAMA0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - sysname=ttyAMA0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - sysnum=0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - devnode=/dev/ttyAMA0
[ debug ][11:50:47.645] - -----------------------------------------
[ debug ][11:50:47.646] - subsystem=tty
[ debug ][11:50:47.646] - syspath=/sys/devices/platform/soc/fe215040.serial/tty/ttyS0
[ debug ][11:50:47.646] - sysname=ttyS0
[ debug ][11:50:47.646] - sysnum=0
[ debug ][11:50:47.646] - devnode=/dev/ttyS0
[ debug ][11:50:47.646] - -----------------------------------------
The serial communication manager library has many API and features targeted for the task you want. If the device is a USB-UART its VID/PID can be used. If the device is BT-SPP than platform specific APIs can be used. Take a look at this project for serial port programming: https://github.com/RishiGupta12/serial-communication-manager
#dmesg | grep tty
This command show you every port
yes, I know, I'm too late (as always). Here is my piece of code (based on the reply of mk2). Maybe this helps someone:
std::vector<std::string> find_serial_ports()
{
std::vector<std::string> ports;
std::filesystem::path kdr_path{"/proc/tty/drivers"};
if (std::filesystem::exists(kdr_path))
{
std::ifstream ifile(kdr_path.generic_string());
std::string line;
std::vector<std::string> prefixes;
while (std::getline(ifile, line))
{
std::vector<std::string> items;
auto it = line.find_first_not_of(' ');
while (it != std::string::npos)
{
auto it2 = line.substr(it).find_first_of(' ');
if (it2 == std::string::npos)
{
items.push_back(line.substr(it));
break;
}
it2 += it;
items.push_back(line.substr(it, it2 - it));
it = it2 + line.substr(it2).find_first_not_of(' ');
}
if (items.size() >= 5)
{
if (items[4] == "serial" && items[0].find("serial") != std::string::npos)
{
prefixes.emplace_back(items[1]);
}
}
}
ifile.close();
for (auto& p: std::filesystem::directory_iterator("/dev"))
{
for (const auto& pf : prefixes)
{
auto dev_path = p.path().generic_string();
if (dev_path.size() >= pf.size() && std::equal(dev_path.begin(), dev_path.begin() + pf.size(), pf.begin()))
{
ports.emplace_back(dev_path);
}
}
}
}
return ports;
}
Using setserial tool:
setserial -gG /dev/{ttyUSB,ttyS,ttyACM}* 2>/dev/null | grep -Ev "ttyS[0-9]+.*irq\s0\s*"
And if you want only the port device path on the output:
setserial -gG /dev/{ttyUSB,ttyS,ttyACM}* 2>/dev/null | grep -Ev "ttyS[0-9]+.*irq\s0\s*" | cut -d' ' -f1
Possibly this solutions are not applicable to all needs, since some USB devices can be named in another way by UDEV, so more generic but less optimal (NOT RECOMMENDED):
setserial -gG /dev/* 2>/dev/null | grep -Ev "ttyS[0-9]+.*irq\s0\s*" | cut -d' ' -f1