Sequelize: effects of "unique" property in model definition - node.js

I'm using Sequelize v3.5.1 with PostgreSQL v9.4.4 on a NodeJS server project.
In the model definition, it's not entirely clear to me what are the effects of adding the option unique: true to a property.
Let's take this code for example:
sequelize.define('User', {
email: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
unique: true
},
password: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false
}
});
Does this mean that PostgreSQL will build a unique index on email? So, is it just a shorthand method for this?
sequelize.define('User', {
email: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
},
password: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false
}
}, {
indexes: [
{
unique: true,
fields: ['email']
}
]
});
If so, will such index speed up table queries for email, or just ensure uniqueness?
Thanks!

A unique index will do both, it will speed up queries (as it has to create an index), and it will ensure that every value is unique.

Related

Sequelize error enum already exists after db reset

Hope you're well !
I have a question. How can I prevent the following error after a db reset (sync force true) please ?
SequelizeDatabaseError: type "enum_coverLists_supportingDocument"
already exists
Here is what my model look like :
export const SUPPORTING_DOCUMENT = {
MEDIATION_FEES: 'MEDIATION_FEES',
LEGAL_COUNSEL_FEES: 'LEGAL_COUNSEL_FEES',
FILING_COMPLAINT: 'FILING_COMPLAINT'
};
export const TYPE = {
BUDGET: 'BUDGET',
QUANTITY: 'QUANTITY',
UNLIMITED: 'UNLIMITED'
};
const coverList = function (sequelize, Sequelize) {
const coverList = sequelize.define('coverList',
{
id: {
primaryKey: true,
type: Sequelize.UUID,
defaultValue: Sequelize.UUIDV4
},
title: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false
},
description: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
supportingDocument: {
type: Sequelize.ARRAY(Sequelize.ENUM({
values: [...Object.values(SUPPORTING_DOCUMENT)]
})),
validate: {
isIn: [...Object.values(SUPPORTING_DOCUMENT)],
},
allowNull: true
},
type: {
type: Sequelize.ENUM,
values: Object.values(TYPE),
validate: {
isIn: [Object.values(TYPE)],
},
allowNull: false
}
});
return coverList;
};
export default coverList;
Stack :
Node.js
PostgreSQL
Sequelize
Thanks in advance for your help.
So, Whenever you create an "enum" it will store in the database. if you are using pgAdmin it stores all enums in the "Types" folder and if you use dbeaver there it is stored in "dataTypes" folder. so from there, you can delete it...
you can see here...

How can I make a composite unique constraint with foreign keys and regular keys in Sequelize?

We have two models, users and items. Under User.js
User = Model.define('User', {
id: {
type: DataType.UUID,
defaultValue: DataType.UUIDV1,
primaryKey: true,
},
});
And under Item.js
Item = Model.define('Item', {
id: {
type: DataType.UUID,
defaultValue: DataType.UUIDV1,
primaryKey: true,
},
});
Here is their association, a user can have many items.
User.hasMany(Items, {
foreignKey: {
allowNull: false,
name: 'itemId',
},
onUpdate: 'cascade',
onDelete: 'cascade',
});
Assume that each user may only have one of each type of item. How do I add a unique constraint for this? The following code does not work.
User.hasMany(Items, {
foreignKey: {
allowNull: false,
name: 'itemId',
unique: 'userItemUnique',
},
onUpdate: 'cascade',
onDelete: 'cascade',
});
Item = Model.define('Item', {
id: {
type: DataType.UUID,
defaultValue: DataType.UUIDV1,
primaryKey: true,
unique: 'userItemUnique',
},
});
You can use migrations for this.
Sequelize-cli provides a methods addConstraint and andIndex which can be used to achieve
From the docs
queryInterface.addConstraint('Users', ['email'],
{ type: 'unique', name: 'custom_unique_constraint_name'
});
If anyone is still following this, I solved this by manually defining the foreign keys in the model where the unique constraint is required (you can still use sequelize association such as .hasMany).
Regarding your own code, I think there might be a confusion when you ask for Assume that each user may only have one of each type of item since you are not defining what is an item type.
I've drafted something with my own understanding and taking into account my previous comment.
User = Model.define('User', {
id: {
type: DataType.UUID,
defaultValue: DataType.UUIDV1,
primaryKey: true,
allowNull: false,
validate: {
isUUID: 1,
},
},
});
Item = Model.define('Item', {
id: {
type: DataType.UUID,
defaultValue: DataType.UUIDV1,
primaryKey: true,
allowNull: false,
validate: {
isUUID: 1,
},
},
type: {
type: DataType.STRING,
unique: 'uniqueUserItemType' // see note 1
}
userId: {
type: DataType.UUID,
references: { // see note 2
model: User,
key: 'id',
},
unique: 'uniqueUserItemType',
}
});
User.hasMany(Item, {
foreignKey: {
allowNull: false,
name: 'itemId',
},
onUpdate: 'cascade',
onDelete: 'cascade',
});
Item.belongsTo(User);
I've also added a belongsTo association as recommended by Sequelize.
[1] More info on composite unique constraint here.
[2] More info on foreign key definition inside of model here.
In my case I did something like this based on Joel Barenco's answer.
const { Model, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
const User = require('../models/user');
module.exports = function(sequelize){
class Algorithm extends Model {}
UserModel = User(sequelize);//#JA - Gets a defined version of user class
var AlgorithmFrame = Algorithm.init({
id: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true
},
name: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: false,
},
user_Id: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
references: {
model: UserModel,
key: 'id',
},
}
}, {
sequelize,
modelName: 'Algorithm',
indexes: [{ unique: true, fields: ['name','user_id'] }]
});
return AlgorithmFrame
};
The idea here is to manually create the foreign key, but you can define the unique indexes instead with indexes: [{ unique: true, fields: ['name','user_id'] }]
My tactic also shows how to define the model in a class as well. To call it you simply pass sequelize to it like this, where sequelize is the variable holding all your connection info etc...
const Algorithm = require('../models/algorithm');
const AlogorithmModel = Algorithm(sequelize);
then you can make sure it's created with
await AlogorithmModel.sync({ alter: true });
My user model file is this:
const { Model, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
module.exports = function(sequelize){
class User extends Model {}
return User.init({
id: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true
},
name: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: false
},
trading_system_key: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: false
},
}, {
sequelize,
modelName: 'User',
indexes: [{ unique: true, fields: ['trading_system_key'] }]
});
};

Sequelize has and belongs to many

Is there a way to do a polymorphic self-association with a through table (e.g. Collection has and belongs to many Collections)?
Trying to adapt http://docs.sequelizejs.com/manual/tutorial/associations.html#n-m to this scenario:
// Inside collection.js associate
Collection.belongsToMany(Collection, {
through: {
model: models.CollectionItem,
unique: false,
scope: {
collectible: 'collection'
}
},
foreignKey: 'collectibleUid',
constraints: false
});
Where collectionItem.js would look like
const CollectionItem = sequelize.define("CollectionItem", {
uid: {
type: DataTypes.BIGINT,
primaryKey: true
},
collectionUid: {
type: DataTypes.BIGINT,
allowNull: false,
unique: 'collection_item_collectible'
},
order: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
defaultValue: 0
},
collectibleUid: {
type: DataTypes.BIGINT,
allowNull: false,
references: null, // Because the column is polymorphic, we cannot say that it REFERENCES a specific table
unique: 'collection_item_collectible'
},
collectible: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: false,
unique: 'collection_item_collectible'
}
}, {
classMethods: {
}
});
It seems Sequelize wants me to name this differently through yet another join / through table, but that would essentially be creating a new table versus just getting a true hasAndBelongsToMany type relationship.
Error: 'as' must be defined for many-to-many self-associations
Try being explicit and add:
as: "CollectionItem"
as does not create a new join table, it just gives the relation a name

Sequelize CLI how to create migrations from models?

I have two models with relations one to many.
I don't understand how to create migration files. Does each model have its own migration file or one migration file can create several tables from models and relations between them (for example as in rails migrations)?
I had a look at many examples including Sequelize docs, and there are primitive examples of models creating and its migration.
//User model
module.exports = function (sequelize, Sequelize) {
var User = sequelize.define('users', {
id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true,
},
email: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false,
unique: true,
},
password: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false,
},
});
return User;
}
//Order model
module.exports = function (sequelize, Sequelize) {
var Order = sequelize.define('orders', {
id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true,
},
price: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
},
totalPrice: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
},
});
return Order;
}
//db.js
//Relations
db.orders.belongsTo(db.users);
db.users.hasMany(db.orders);
Addition
I create migration for two models:
module.exports = {
up: function (queryInterface, Sequelize, done) {
return [
queryInterface.createTable('users', {
id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true,
},
email: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false,
unique: true,
},
password: {
type: Sequelize.STRING,
allowNull: false,
},
}),
queryInterface.createTable('orders', {
id: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true,
},
price: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
},
totalPrice: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
allowNull: false,
},
userId: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
references: {
model: 'users',
key: 'id'
},
onUpdate: 'CASCADE',
onDelete: 'CASCADE'
}
}),
done()
]
},
down: function (queryInterface, Sequelize, done) {
return [
queryInterface.dropTable('users'),
queryInterface.dropTable('orders'),
done()
]
}
};
Do I need to add into my migration file class methods for my models?
//for Order
classMethods: {
associate: function(models) {
Model.belongsTo(models.users, (as: 'users'));
}
}
//for User
classMethods: {
associate: function(models) {
Model.hasMany(models.orders, (as: 'orders'));
}
}
//Addition 2
In order to create new migration file you need to call sequelize migration:create, which creates new file in /migrations directory (that is default migrations directory, can be different). In the migration file you can use bunch of functions in order to create tables, update them or specified table columns etc. If you want you can create all your database tables within single migration file. There is no straight connection between your models and migration files - they are independent on each other. The same concerns relations between models/table. You need to specify that given column in given table references other table.
// example column definition inside migration file
// creates a foreign key referencing table 'users'
userId: {
type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
references: {
model: 'users',
key: 'id'
},
onDelete: 'CASCADE'
}
You just need to remember about consistency between fields definition in Model and field/column definitions in the migration file corresponding to specified model/table.
You can also use command sequelize model:create, which, at the same time, creates a file used for defining a Sequelize model, as well as migration file responsible for creating a table corresponding to this model.
In order to show all possible sequelize-cli commands simply run sequelize help.
EDIT
The class methods like associate must be present only in the Model definition files, not in the migration files.
EDIT 2
The functions used in migration files like createTable are asynchronous, so you cannot simply run them in order just like you did it in your migration file. You can chain them via .then() method or return them as an array like
return [queryInterface.createTable(...), queryInterface.createTable(...)];

Sequelize create through association

I'm working on a create method for an association between two classes. The sequelize documentation indicates that this can be done in one step using includes
IntramuralAthlete.create(intramuralAthlete,{
include: [Person]
}).then((data,err)=>{
if(data)res.json(data);
else res.status(422).json(err);
}).catch(function(error) {
res.status(422).json({message: "failed to create athlete", error: error.message});
});
My model association looks like this
var Person = require('../models').person;
var IntramuralAthlete = require('../models').intramuralAthlete;
IntramuralAthlete.belongsTo(Person);
And the value of intramural athlete when I log it is
{
person:
{ firstName: 'Test',
lastName: 'User',
email: 'test#user.com'
},
grade: '12th',
organizationId: 1
}
But I get the error notNull Violation: personId cannot be null. This error makes it sound like something is wrong with the way I'm indicating to Sequelize that I'm intending to create the personId in that same call.
Is there something wrong in the way I indicate to the create statement what associated tables to create with the IntramuralAthlete?
Thanks!
EDIT:
I have also tried with the following structure with the same result
{
Person: {
firstName: 'Test',
lastName: 'User',
email: 'test#user.com'
},
grade: '12th',
organizationId: 1
}
My model is as follows:
module.exports = function(sequelize, DataTypes) {
return sequelize.define('intramuralAthlete', {
id: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: false,
primaryKey: true,
autoIncrement: true
},
createdAt: {
type: DataTypes.DATE,
allowNull: false,
defaultValue: sequelize.literal('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP')
},
updatedAt: {
type: DataTypes.DATE,
allowNull: false,
defaultValue: sequelize.literal('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP')
},
grade: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
age: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: true
},
school: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
notes: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
guardianId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: true,
references: {
model: 'contact',
key: 'id'
}
},
personId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: false,
references: {
model: 'person',
key: 'id'
}
},
mobileAthleteId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: true,
references: {
model: 'mobileAthlete',
key: 'id'
}
},
organizationId: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: false,
references: {
model: 'organization',
key: 'id'
}
}
}, {
tableName: 'intramuralAthlete'
});
};
I suppose that your models are named Person and IntramuralAthlete (first arguments of sequelize.define method). In this case, when you create an association like yours, and do not define the as attribute, your create data object should look as follows
{
Person: {
firstName: 'Test',
lastName: 'User',
email: 'test#user.com'
},
grade: '12th',
organizationId: 1
}
If you want to use person instead (just as in your code), you should define the association a little bit differently
IntramuralAthlete.belongsTo(Person, { as: 'person' });
Then, you would have to perform some changes in the create query in the include attribute of the options like this
IntramuralAthlete.create(data, {
include: [
{ model: Person, as: 'person' }
]
}).then((result) => {
// both instances should be created now
});
EDIT: Trick the save() method with empty value of personId
You can maintain the allowNull: false if you do something like that
{
person: {
// person data
},
personId: '', // whatever value - empty string, empty object etc.
grade: '12th',
organizationId: 1
}
EDIT 2: Disable validation when creating.
This case assumes that the validation is turned off. It seems like a bad idea to omit model validation, however there still maintains the database table level validation - defined in migrations, where it can still check if personId value was set
IntramuralAthlete.create(data, {
include: [
{ model: Person, as: 'person' }
],
validate: false
}).then((result) => {
// both instances should be created now
});
In this case the data object can be as in your example - without the personId attribute. We omit the model level validation which allows to pass null value, however if during the save() method it would still be null value - database level validation would throw an error.
first of all, when you associatea a model with belongsTo, sequelize will add automatically the target model primary key as a foreign key in the source model. in most of cases you don't need to define it by yourself, so in your case when you define IntramuralAthlete.belongsTo(Person) sequelize adds PersonId as a foreign key in IntramuralAthlete. your IntramuralAthlete model should looks like:
module.exports = function(sequelize, DataTypes) {
return sequelize.define('intramuralAthlete', {
grade: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
age: {
type: DataTypes.INTEGER(11),
allowNull: true
},
school: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
},
notes: {
type: DataTypes.STRING,
allowNull: true
}
});
};
now you can create an intramuralAthlete like your code above. for example:
let data = {
Person: {
firstName: 'Test',
lastName: 'User',
email: 'test#user.com'
},
grade: '12th',
notes: 'test notes'
}
IntramuralAthlete.create(data, {include: [Person]}).then((result) => {
// both instances should be created now
});
be carefull with the model name.
second I suppose that your IntramuralAthlete model has more than one belongsTo association. just you need to define them as the previous one association and sequelize will add their primary keys as foreign keys in the IntramuralAthlete model.
third, when you define a model, sequelize adds automatically an id datafield as a primary key and autoincrement and also adds createdAt and updatedAt datafields with a default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP value, so you don't need to define them in your model

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