I have a semicolon-separated file.
And one of the fields in the file is pipe-separated.
Example.
field-1;field-2;value-1|value-2|value-3;field-4;field-5
Here field-3 is nothing but pipe-separated values.
Now my requirement is that if there are multiple values in field-3,
I only have to keep the first value. Discard anything after the first pipe in that field.
i.e., I want to keep only first value in field-3 as shown below
field-1;field-2;value-1;field-4;field-5
Can you please tell me how can I achieve this using sed/awk?
sed 's/[|][^;]*//g' YourFile
it remove (replace by nothing) any value after (including) a | ( the [|] pattern) until it is not a ; ( the [^;] pattern) and for each occurence ( the g option)
Assuming | is only a separator and not part of a filed value (like in string)
One way:
$ x='field-1;field-2;value-1|value-2|value-3;field-4;field-5'
$ echo $x | awk -F";" '{gsub(/\|.*/,"",$3);}1' OFS=";"
field-1;field-2;value-1;field-4;field-5
$
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed -r 's/^(([^;]*;){2}[^|;]*)[^;]*/\1/' file
This matches the first three fields and replaces it by the first two fields and the first value in the third field.
Related
Supposed I have
echo "The first part. The second part. The third part."
and want to remove The first part and The third part to get:
The second part.
I tried:
echo "The first part. The second part. The third part." | grep -v -e "The first part." -e "The third part."
but the inverting flag appears to work only for files with multiple lines. How can I do it for a single string?
Use sed instead:
echo "The first part. The second part. The third part." \
| sed -e 's/[[:space:]]*The first part\.[[:space:]]*//g' \
-e 's/[[:space:]]*The third part\.[[:space:]]*//g'
grep is a tool which works line-based and is more as a select-lines-which-satesfy-condition tool, The task you want to implement is more remove-substrings-from-file. This is in the area of substitutions and not in the area of selection: The best tool for this task is to use sed
sed 's/string_to_get_rid_of//g' file
Of course it is possible that your file is structured in records and you want to remove all records which contain a particular word, then there is another option. Assume that your file is split into various records which are delimited by a unique character (eg. <full-stop>-character (.)). The it is better to use awk for this. Awk allows you to redefine it's record separator from a new-line (default) to anything you want by defining RS and ORS (the latter for the output):
awk 'BEGIN{RS=ORS="."}/string_that_should_not_appear/{next}1' file
Assume you have a file with the content:
foo.bar.baz.qux
quux.quuz.corge
If we want to remove all the records which do not contain qux, we do:
awk 'BEGIN{RS=ORS="."}/qux/{next}1' file
which returns
foo.bar.baz.quuz.corge.
Notice that the record containing "cux" contained a newline and that an extra ORS is added at the end. Also you might get
foo.bar.baz.quuz.corge
.
Which is due to the POSIX standard that files should end with a newline
In case of the OP, it would read:
awk 'BEGIN{RS=ORS="."}/The first part/{next}/The third part/{next}1' file
I was wondering if it was possible to use the sed command to find a range between 2 patterns (in this case, dates) and output these lines in the range to a new file.
Right now, I am just looking at one file and getting lines within my time range of the file FileMoverTransfer.log. However, after a certain time period, these logs are moved to new log files with a suffix such as FileMoverTransfer.log-20180404-xxxxxx.gz. Here is my current code:
sed -n '/^'$start_date'/,/^'$end_date'/p;/^'$end_date'/q' FileMoverTransfer.log >> /public/FileMoverRoot/logs/intervalFMT.log
While this doesn't work, as sed isn't able to look through all of the files in the directory starting with FileMoverTransfer.log?
sed -n '/^'$start_date'/,/^'$end_date'/p;/^'$end_date'/q' FileMoverTransfer.log* >> /public/FileMoverRoot/logs/intervalFMT.log
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
The range operator only operates within a single file, so you can't use it if the start is in one file and the end is in another file.
You can use cat to concatenate all the files, and pipe this to sed:
cat FileMoverTransfer.log* | sed -n "/^$start_date/,/^$end_date/p;/^$end_date/q" >> /public/FileMoverRoot/logs/intervalFMT.log
And instead of quoting and unquoting the sed command, you can use double quotes so that the variables will be expanded inside it. This will also prevent problems if the variables contain whitespace.
awk solution
As the OP confirmed that an awk solution would be acceptable, I post it.
(gunzip -c FileMoverTransfer.log-*.gz; cat FileMoverTransfer.log ) \
|awk -v st="$start_date" -v en="$end_date" '$1>=st&&$1<=en{print;next}$1>en{exit}'\
>/public/FileMoverRoot/logs/intervalFMT.log
This solution is functionally almost identical to Barmar’s sed solution, with the difference that his solution, like the OP’s, will print and quit at the first record matching the end date, while mine will print all lines matching the end date and quit at the first record past the end date, without printing it.
Some remarks:
The OP didn't specify the date format. I suppose it is a format compatible with ordinary string order, otherwise some conversion function should be used.
The files FileMoverTransfer.log-*.gz must be named in such a way that their alphabetical ordering corresponds to the chronological order (which is probably the case.)
I suppose that the dates are separated from the rest of the line by whitespace. If they aren’t, you have to supply the -F option to awk. E.g., if the dates are separated by -, you must write awk -F- ...
awk is much faster than sed in this case, because awk simply looks for the separator (whitespace or whatever was supplied with -F) while sed performs a regexp match.
There is no concept of range in my code, only date comparison. The only place where I suppose that the lines are ordered is when I say $1>en{exit}, that is exit when a line is newer than the end date. If you remove that final pattern and its action, the code will run through the whole input, but you could drop the requirement that the files be ordered.
I have a simple egrep command searching for multiple strings in a text file which outputs either null or a value. Below is the command and the output.
cat Output.txt|egrep -i "abc|def|efg"|cut -d ':' -f 2
Output is:-
xxx
(null)
yyy
Now, i am trying to prefix my search texts to the output like below.
abc:xxx
def:
efg:yyy
Any help on the code to achieve this or where to start would be appreciated.
-Abhi
Since I do not know exactly your input file content (not specified properly in the question), I will put some hypothesis in order to answer your question.
Case 1: the patterns you are looking for are always located in the same column
If it is the case, the answer is quite straightforward:
$ cat grep_file.in
abc:xxx:uvw
def:::
efg:yyy:toto
xyz:lol:hey
$ egrep -i "abc|def|efg" grep_file.in | cut -d':' -f1,2
abc:xxx
def:
efg:yyy
After the grep just use the cut with the 2 columns that you are looking for (here it is 1 and 2)
REMARK:
Do not cat the file, pipe it and then grep it, since this is doing the work twice!!! Your grep command will already read the file so do not read it twice, it might not be that important on small files but you will feel the difference on 10GB files for example!
Case 2: the patterns you are looking for are NOT located in the same column
In this case it is a bit more tricky, but not impossible. There are many ways of doing, here I will detail the awk way:
$ cat grep_file2.in
abc:xxx:uvw
::def:
efg:yyy:toto
xyz:lol:hey
If your input file is in this format; with your pattern that could be located anywhere:
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=":";ORS=FS}{tmp=0;for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){tmp=match($i,/abc|def|efg/);if(tmp){print $i;break}}if(tmp){printf "%s\n", $2}}' grep_file
2.in
abc:xxx
def:
efg:yyy
Explanations:
FS=":";ORS=FS define your input/output field separator at : Then on each line you define a test variable that will become true when you reach your pattern, you loop on all the fields of the line until you reach it if it is the case you print it, break the loop and print the second field + an EOL char.
If you do not meet your pattern you do nothing.
If you prefer the sed way, you can use the following command:
$ sed -n '/abc\|def\|efg/{h;s/.*\(abc\|def\|efg\).*/\1:/;x;s/^[^:]*:\([^:]*\):.*/\1/;H;x;s/\n//p}' grep_file2.in
abc:xxx
def:
efg:yyy
Explanations:
/abc\|def\|efg/{} is used to filter the lines that contain only one of the patterns provided, then you execute the instructions in the block. h;s/.*\(abc\|def\|efg\).*/\1:/; save the line in the hold space and replace the line with one of the 3 patterns, x;s/^[^:]*:\([^:]*\):.*/\1/; is used to exchange the pattern and hold space and extract the 2nd column element. Last but not least, H;x;s/\n//p is used to regroup both extracted elements on 1 line and print it.
try this
$ egrep -io "(abc|def|efg):[^:]*" file
will print the match and the next token after delimiter.
If we can assume that there are only two fields, that abc etc will always match in the first field, and that getting the last match on a line which contains multiple matches is acceptable, a very simple sed script could work.
sed -n 's/^[^:]*\(abc\|def\|efg\)[^:]*:\([^:]*\)/\1:\2/p' file
If other but similar conditions apply (e.g. there are three fields or more but we don't care about matches in the first two) the required modifications are trivial. If not, you really need to clarify your question.
I need to know a way to remove duplicate strings in line, but let me explain, cause I have already used uniq. In a file, I get these two lines:
ANASI:A=4-63261950;
ANASI:A=4-63261950,ES=541;
The string 4-63261950 is duplicated in both lines, but the line itself is different, only that string is equal in both lines. I just need a way to process the entire file and remove the first line and leave only the one with the ANASI:A=4-63261950,ES=541;. The file will contain several lines with this exact same scenario. Is there a way to do this with sed or something?
awk to the rescue...
assuming your delimiters and structure stays the same
sort file | awk -F"[;,]" '!a[$1]++'
will pick the first one based on lexical order (, < ;)
If file is huge (and memory a problem or issue)
sort YourFile | awk -F '[;,]' 'Last != $1{print}{Last = $1}'
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed -r 'N;/^(.*);\n\1,/!P;D' file
This uses a moving window to compare successive pairs of lines to print the required match.
What is the simplest way to sort a list of lines, sorting on the last field of each line? Each line may have a variable number of fields.
Something like
sort -k -1
is what I want, but sort(1) does not take negative numbers to select fields from the end instead of the start.
I'd also like to be able to choose the field delimiter too.
Edit: To add some specificity to the question: The list I want to sort is a list of pathnames. The pathnames may be of arbitrary depth hence the variable number of fields. I want to sort on the filename component.
This additional information may change how one manipulates the line to extract the last field (basename(1) may be used), but does not change sorting requirements.
e.g.
/a/b/c/10-foo
/a/b/c/20-bar
/a/b/c/50-baz
/a/d/30-bob
/a/e/f/g/h/01-do-this-first
/a/e/f/g/h/99-local
I want this list sorted on the filenames, which all start with numbers indicating the order the files should be read.
I've added my answer below which is how I am currently doing it. I had hoped there was a simpler way - maybe a different sort utility - perhaps without needing to manipulate the data.
awk '{print $NF,$0}' file | sort | cut -f2- -d' '
Basically, this command does:
Repeat the last field at the beginning, separated with a whitespace (default OFS)
Sort, resolve the duplicated filenames using the full path ($0) for sorting
Cut the repeated first field, f2- means from the second field to the last
Here's a Perl command line (note that your shell may require you to escape the $s):
perl -e "print sort {(split '/', $a)[-1] <=> (split '/', $b)[-1]} <>"
Just pipe the list into it or, if the list is in a file, put the filename at the end of the command line.
Note that this script does not actually change the data, so you don't have to be careful about what delimeter you use.
Here's sample output:
>perl -e "print sort {(split '/', $a)[-1] <=> (split '/', $b)[-1]} " files.txt
/a/e/f/g/h/01-do-this-first
/a/b/c/10-foo
/a/b/c/20-bar
/a/d/30-bob
/a/b/c/50-baz
/a/e/f/g/h/99-local
something like this
awk '{print $NF"|"$0}' file | sort -t"|" -k1 | awk -F"|" '{print $NF }'
A one-liner in perl for reversing the order of the fields in a line:
perl -lne 'print join " ", reverse split / /'
You could use it once, pipe the output to sort, then pipe it back and you'd achieve what you want. You can change / / to / +/ so it squeezes spaces. And you're of course free to use whatever regular expression you want to split the lines.
I think the only solution would be to use awk:
Put the last field to the front using awk.
Sort lines.
Put the first field to the end again.
Replace the last delimiter on the line with another delimiter that does not otherwise appear in the list, sort on the second field using that other delimiter as the sort(1) delimiter, and then revert the delimiter change.
delim=/
new_delim=" "
cat $list \
| sed "s|\(.*\)$delim|\1$new_delim|" \
| sort -t"$new_delim" -k 2,2 \
| sed "s|$new_delim|$delim|"
The problem is knowing what delimiter to use that does not appear in the list. You can make multiple passes over the list and then grep for a succession of potential delimiters, but it's all rather nasty - particularly when the concept of "sort on the last field of a line" is so simply expressed, yet the solution is not.
Edit: One safe delimiter to use for $new_delim is NUL since that cannot appear in filenames, but I don't know how to put a NUL character into a bourne/POSIX shell script (not bash) and whether sort and sed will properly handle it.
#!/usr/bin/ruby
f = ARGF.read
lines = f.lines
broken = lines.map {|l| l.split(/:/) }
sorted = broken.sort {|a, b|
a[-1] <=> b[-1]
}
fixed = sorted.map {|s| s.join(":") }
puts fixed
If all the answers involve perl or awk, might as well solve the whole thing in the scripting language. (Incidentally, I tried in Perl first and quickly remembered that I dislike Perl's lists-of-lists. I'd love to see a Perl guru's version.)
I want this list sorted on the filenames, which all start with numbers
indicating the order the files should be read.
find . | sed 's#.*/##' | sort
the sed replaces all parts of the list of results that ends in slashes. the filenames are whats left, and you sort on that.
Here is a python oneliner version, note that it assumes the field is integer, you can change that as needed.
echo file.txt | python3 -c 'import sys; list(map(sys.stdout.write, sorted(sys.stdin, key=lambda x: int(x.rsplit(" ", 1)[-1]))))'
| sed "s#(.*)/#\1"\\$'\x7F'\# \
| sort -t\\$'\x7F' -k2,2 \
| sed s\#\\$'\x7F'"#/#"
Still way worse than simple negative field indexes for sort(1) but using the DEL character as delimiter shouldn’t cause any problem in this case.
I also like how symmetrical it is.
sort allows you to specify the delimiter with the -t option, if I remember it well. To compute the last field, you can do something like counting the number of delimiters in a line and sum one. For instance something like this (assuming the ":" delimiter):
d=`head -1 FILE | tr -cd : | wc -c`
d=`expr $d + 1`
($d now contains the last field index).