I'm very new to Yesod and I'm having trouble building Yesod statically
so I can deploy to Heroku.
I have changed the default .cabal file to reflect static compilation
if flag(production)
cpp-options: -DPRODUCTION
ghc-options: -Wall -threaded -O2 -static -optl-static
else
ghc-options: -Wall -threaded -O0
And it no longer builds. I get a whole bunch of warnings and then a
slew of undefined references like this:
Linking dist/build/personal-website/personal-website ...
/usr/lib/ghc-7.0.3/libHSrts_thr.a(Linker.thr_o): In function
`internal_dlopen':
Linker.c:(.text+0x407): warning: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/ghc-7.0.3/unix-2.4.2.0/libHSunix-2.4.2.0.a(HsUnix.o): In
function `__hsunix_getpwent':
HsUnix.c:(.text+0xa1): warning: Using 'getpwent' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/ghc-7.0.3/unix-2.4.2.0/libHSunix-2.4.2.0.a(HsUnix.o): In
function `__hsunix_getpwnam_r':
HsUnix.c:(.text+0xb1): warning: Using 'getpwnam_r' in statically
linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the
glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/libpq.a(thread.o): In function `pqGetpwuid':
(.text+0x15): warning: Using 'getpwuid_r' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/libpq.a(ip.o): In function `pg_getaddrinfo_all':
(.text+0x31): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/ghc-7.0.3/site-local/network-2.3.0.2/
libHSnetwork-2.3.0.2.a(BSD__63.o): In function `sD3z_info':
(.text+0xe4): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/ghc-7.0.3/site-local/network-2.3.0.2/
libHSnetwork-2.3.0.2.a(BSD__164.o): In function `sFKc_info':
(.text+0x12d): warning: Using 'getprotobyname' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/ghc-7.0.3/site-local/network-2.3.0.2/
libHSnetwork-2.3.0.2.a(BSD__155.o): In function `sFDs_info':
(.text+0x4c): warning: Using 'getservbyname' in statically linked
applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc
version used for linking
/usr/lib/libpq.a(fe-misc.o): In function `pqSocketCheck':
(.text+0xa2d): undefined reference to `SSL_pending'
/usr/lib/libpq.a(fe-secure.o): In function `SSLerrmessage':
(.text+0x31): undefined reference to `ERR_get_error'
/usr/lib/libpq.a(fe-secure.o): In function `SSLerrmessage':
(.text+0x41): undefined reference to `ERR_reason_error_string'
/usr/lib/libpq.a(fe-secure.o): In function `initialize_SSL':
(.text+0x2f8): undefined reference to `SSL_check_private_key'
/usr/lib/libpq.a(fe-secure.o): In function `initialize_SSL':
(.text+0x3c0): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations'
(... snip ...)
If I just compile with just -static and without -optl-static
everything builds fine but the application crashes when it tries to
start on Heroku.
2011-12-28T01:20:51+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command
`./dist/build/personal-website/personal-website -p 41083`
2011-12-28T01:20:51+00:00 app[web.1]: ./dist/build/personal-website/
personal-website: error while loading shared libraries: libgmp.so.10:
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
2011-12-28T01:20:52+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting
to crashed
I tried adding libgmp.so.10 to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH as suggested in here
and then got the following error:
2011-12-28T01:31:23+00:00 app[web.1]: ./dist/build/personal-website/
personal-website: /lib/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found
(required by ./dist/build/personal-website/personal-website)
2011-12-28T01:31:23+00:00 app[web.1]: ./dist/build/personal-website/
personal-website: /lib/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found
(required by /app/dist/build/personal-website/libgmp.so.10)
2011-12-28T01:31:25+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting
to crashed
2011-12-28T01:31:25+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited
It seems that the version of libc that I'm compiling against is
different. I tried also adding libc to the batch of libraries the
same way I did for libgmp but this results in a segmentation fault
when the application starts on the Heroku side.
Everything works fine on my PC. I'm running 64bit archlinux with ghc
7.0.3. The blog post on the official Yesod blog looked pretty easy
but I'm stumped at this point. Anyone have any ideas? If there's a way to get this thing working without building statically I'm open to that too.
EDIT
Per Employed Russians answer I did the following to fix this.
First created a new directory lib under the project directory and copied the missing shared libraries into it. You can get this information by running ldd path/to/executable and heroku run ldd path/to/executable and comparing the output.
I then did heroku config:add LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib so when the application is started the dynamic linker will look for libraries in the new lib directory.
Finally I created an ubuntu 11.10 virtual machine and built and deployed to Heroku from there, this has an old enough glibc that it works on the Heroku host.
Edit:
I've since written a tutorial on the Yesod wiki
I have no idea what Yesod is, but I know exactly what each of your other errors means.
First, you should not try to link statically. The warning you get is exactly right: if you link statically, and use one of the routines for which you are getting the warning, then you must arrange to run on a system with exactly the same version of libc.so.6 as the one you used at build time.
Contrary to popular belief, static linking produces less, not more, portable executables on Linux.
Your other (static) link errors are caused by missing libopenssl.a at link time.
But let's assume that you are going to go the "sane" route, and use dynamic linking.
For dynamic linking, Linux (and most other UNIXes) support backward compatibility: an old binary continues to work on newer systems. But they don't support forward compatibility (a binary built on a newer system will generally not run on an older one).
But that's what you are trying to do: you built on a system with glibc-2.14 (or newer), and you are running on a system with glibc-2.13 (or older).
The other thing you need to know is that glibc is composed of some 200+ binaries that must all match exactly. Two key binaries are /lib/ld-linux.so and /lib/libc.so.6 (but there are many more: libpthread.so.0, libnsl.so.1, etc. etc). If some of these binaries came from different versions of glibc, you usually get a crash. And that is exactly what you got, when you tried to place your glibc-2.14 libc.so.6 on the LD_LIBRARY_PATH -- it no longer matches the system /lib/ld-linux.
So what are the solutions? There are several possibilities (in increasing difficulty):
You could copy ld-2.14.so (the target of /lib/ld-linux symlink) to the target system, and invoke it explicitly:
/path/to/ld-2.14.so --library-path <whatever> /path/to/your/executable
This generally works, but can confuse an application that looks at argv[0], and breaks for applications that re-exec themselves.
You could build on an older system.
You could use appgcc (this option has disappeared, see this for description of what it used to be).
You could set up a chroot environment matching the target system, and build inside that chroot.
You could build yourself a Linux-to-olderLinux crosscompiler
You have several issues.
You should not build production binaries on bleeding edge distributions. The libraries on the production system will not be forward compatible.
You should not link glibc statically - it will always at runtime try to load additional libraries. For example cpu-based assembly. That is what your first warnings are about.
The last linker errors look like they are related to a missing openssl library on the command line.
But all in all - downgrade your distribution.
I had similar problems launching to Heroku (which uses glibc-2.11) where I had an application that required glibc-2.14, but I did not have access to the source and could not re-build it. I tried many things and nothing worked.
My workaround was to launch the service on Amazon Elastic Beanstalk and just provide an API interface.
I found the information provided useful as well, I think the various descriptions miss a critical issue I also ran into while forcing an updated version of Vagrant to start working again.
It's the dependency references internal to something like complicated installs, like Yesod to Heroku. Those interanl refences need to be preserved.
This is the script I wrote to make problems go away (at least, hopefully, for a little while):
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME/
GLIBC_VERSION="2.17"
GLIBC_PREFIX="/usr/glibc/"
VAGRANT_VERSION="2.2.19"
# Install the basic build system utilities.
yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"
yum install -y curl patchelf
# Grab the tarball with the GNU libc source code.
curl -Lfo glibc-${GLIBC_VERSION}.tar.gz "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-${GLIBC_VERSION}.tar.gz"
echo "a3b2086d5414e602b4b3d5a8792213feb3be664ffc1efe783a829818d3fca37a glibc-${GLIBC_VERSION}.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c || exit 1
# Extract the secrets and get ready to rumble.
tar xzvf glibc-${GLIBC_VERSION}.tar.gz
# The configure script requrires an independent build directory.
mkdir -p glibc-build && cd glibc-build
# Configure glibc with a GLIBC_PREFIX so it doesn't conflict with distro libc files..
../glibc-${GLIBC_VERSION}/configure --prefix="${GLIBC_PREFIX}" --libdir="${GLIBC_PREFIX}/lib" \
--libexecdir="${GLIBC_PREFIX}/lib" --enable-multi-arch
# Compile and then install GNU libc.
make -j8 && make install
# Download and install Vagrant.
curl -Lfo vagrant_${VAGRANT_VERSION}_x86_64.rpm "https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/${VAGRANT_VERSION}/vagrant_${VAGRANT_VERSION}_x86_64.rpm"
echo "990e8d2159032915f21c0f1ccdcbca1a394f7937e06e43dc1dabe605d208dc20 vagrant_${VAGRANT_VERSION}_x86_64.rpm" | sha256sum -c || exit 1
yum install -y vagrant_${VAGRANT_VERSION}_x86_64.rpm
# Patch the binaries and shared libraries inside the Vagrant directory, so they use the new version of GNU libc.
(find /opt/vagrant/ -type f -exec file {} \; )| grep "dynamically linked" | awk -F':' '{print $1}' | while read FILE ; do
patchelf --set-rpath /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib:/opt/vagrant/embedded/lib64:/usr/glibc/lib:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib --set-interpreter /usr/glibc/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 "${FILE}"
done
The script should be pretty easy to understand, and adapt easily to whatever MacGuffin you want to make work, provied you understand it.
The only tricky part is the rpath you pass to patchelf. Upi need to make sure you preserve the search paths, and precedence your software requires. Or you end up fixing one problem only to create another equally frustrating roadblock.
P.S. Don't forget the update the hashes for any file you down. In particular, you need to compile/install a different version of GNU libc, you will need to update that hash to match the version you want to use.
when i try to execute the Linux executable on other fresh machine my program gives an error for dependency of OpenSSL.
For running my program smoothly it requires libssl.so and libcrypto.so preloaded.
How can i remove this dependency using make file or any other solution on Linux
It seems that you linked your executable with OpenSSL libraries dynamically. So your executable needs libcrypto.so and libssl.so. You have two ways:
OpenSSL is pretty widely distributed in Linux environment and most probably is pre-installed on the Linux you are running your executable on. So the problem may be in the required version of the libraries - your executable may be compiled with e.g. OpenSSL 1.0.1 and Linus has 0.9.8. Or the problem could be with the path of the libraries. In RadHat OpenSSL libraries are in /lib64 by default. So you need either to build your application with the same or compatible version of OpenSSL as present on Linux where you run or provide the correct path by setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH
You can link your executable static with OpenSSL libraries:
gcc -lsome_dynamic_lib code.c libcrypto.a libssl.a
I am developing an application that will make use of some of the sctp APIs like sctp_bindx, sctp_connectx etc.
My Linux kernel version is 3.13.0-49-generic .
If I try to compile my code , I get the below error
fatal error: netinet/sctp.h: no such file or directory.
If I install lksctp-tools package then my code got compiled.
Can I use the APIs without installing any libsctp library ? Since I read that SCTP is supported by the kenal version > 2.1
All functions require some library. It just happens that glibc is automatically used whenever you use gcc.
SCTP-specific functions are not included in glibc itself, so you need to install and use the sctp library. The fact that kernel supports SCTP is irrelevant here.
I'm trying to install gcc4.9 on a SUSE system without an internet connection. I compiled gcc on an Ubuntu machine and installed it into a prefix, then copied the prefix folder to the SUSE machine. When I tried to run it gcc complained about not finding GLIBC_2_14, so I downloaded an rpm for libc6 online and included it into the prefix folders. my LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes prefix/lib and prefix/lib64. When I try to run any program now (ls, cp, cat, etc) I get the error error while loading shared libraries: /home/***/prefix/lib64/libc.so.6: unexpected reloc type 0x25.
Is there any way I can fix this so that I can get gcc4.9 up and running on this system?
As an alternative, is it possible to build gcc staticaly so that I don't have to worry about linking at all when I transfer it between computers?
my LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes prefix/lib and prefix/lib64
See this answer for explanation of why this can't work.
Is there any way I can fix this so that I can get gcc4.9 up and running on this system?
Your best bet is to install whatever GCC package comes with the SuSE system, then use that GCC to configure and install gcc-4.9 on it.
If for some reason you can't do that, this answer has some of the ways in which you can build gcc-4.9 on a newer system and have it still work on an older one.
is it possible to build gcc staticaly so that I don't have to worry about linking at all when I transfer it between computers?
Contrary to popular belief, fully-static binaries are generally less portable then dynamic ones on Linux.
I am using Debian/MIPS+QEMU to build MIPS ports of PortFusion (a TCP tunneling solution). The resulting binaries are linked against GNU libc. Thus, they cannot be just copied over and used on vanilla OpenWrt which ships with uclibc instead of eglibc (which seems binary-compatible with GNU libc).
Is there a way to link Haskell/GHC binaries on Debian/MIPS against uclibc instead of eglibc?
Can OpenWrt's using uclibc be really the reason why PortFusion binaries copied over from Debian fail to run with -ash: binary not found or can this message be due to something entirely else?
See https://github.com/corsis/PortFusion/wiki/MIPS-Builds for details on which haskell-platform, Linux kernel and CPU emulation are used.
The current head of OpenWrt's GIT repository is failing at make when I attempt building custom OpenWrt images that use eglibc instead.
Is there a way to link Haskell/GHC binaries on Debian/MIPS against
uclibc instead of eglibc?
No. You need to to rebuild Haskell/GHC from sources using uclibc-based GCC cross-compiler.
Can OpenWrt's using uclibc be really the reason
Yes. Also, you can try to use ldd on your MIPS pplatform to check what library is missing. I'm sure it will be some of libc-related libraries.