I have a string, which I have split using the code $CreateDT.Split(" "). I now want to manipulate two separate strings in different ways. How can I separate these into two variables?
Like this?
$string = 'FirstPart SecondPart'
$a,$b = $string.split(' ')
$a
$b
An array is created with the -split operator. Like so,
$myString="Four score and seven years ago"
$arr = $myString -split ' '
$arr # Print output
Four
score
and
seven
years
ago
When you need a certain item, use array index to reach it. Mind that index starts from zero. Like so,
$arr[2] # 3rd element
and
$arr[4] # 5th element
years
It is important to note the following difference between the two techniques:
$Str="This is the<BR />source string<BR />ALL RIGHT"
$Str.Split("<BR />")
This
is
the
(multiple blank lines)
source
string
(multiple blank lines)
ALL
IGHT
$Str -Split("<BR />")
This is the
source string
ALL RIGHT
From this you can see that the string.split() method:
performs a case sensitive split (note that "ALL RIGHT" his split on the "R" but "broken" is not split on the "r")
treats the string as a list of possible characters to split on
While the -split operator:
performs a case-insensitive comparison
only splits on the whole string
Try this:
$Object = 'FirstPart SecondPart' | ConvertFrom-String -PropertyNames Val1, Val2
$Object.Val1
$Object.Val2
Foreach-object operation statement:
$a,$b = 'hi.there' | foreach split .
$a,$b
hi
there
Related
I need to drop (or replace to nothing) last n characters of a string in powershell code. The variant could be with substraction string form a string (didn't find my answer).
I have something like this (string):
something/something/../lastsomething/NAME
where NAME is a variable text I can extract beforehand and manipulate ($name or $name.length). And the whole string can be counted - $string.length.
How can I substract this NAME from a string ($string)? I've searched many ways, including trim,replace,substring - but all of these mostly work with static words or regex, or with the begining of a string.
I need to get this:
something/something/../lastsomething
I've tried even such constructions:
$string.split('($NAME)')[0]
and
$string.split('[string]($NAME)')[0]
and other with get-AD* functions with join to bypass the strings, but nothing did the trick.
A simple solution is take the substring from beginning (0) to the last occurence of /.
$t = 'something/something/../lastsomething/NAME'
$t.Substring(0, $t.LastIndexOf('/'))
EDIT from your comment the real question is how to get
-replace '($_.Name)',' '
working. The single quotes don't expand variables - so use double quotes.
To force evaluation of $_.Name you have to enclose it with $()
-replace "/$($_.Name)"
With an unknown last element /Name
> $String = 'something/something/../lastsomething/NAME'
> $String.Split('/')[-1]
NAME
> $string = $string -replace "/$($String.Split('/')[-1])"
> $string
something/something/../lastsomething
A much simpler solution is :
> Split-Path $string
something\something\..\lastsomething
> Split-Path $string -Leaf
NAME
but it changes slashes to backslashes
You can replace it with '' (nothing ... empty string) and because -replace works with regular expressions you can make sure that you only get a "match" at the end of the string like this:
$var = '/NAME'
'something/Name/something/../lastsomething/NAME' -replace "$var$",''
I have a string
Projects\TestEnvironment\11111xx\1111111
and need to get 1111111 from it. What I'm doing now is:
$name = $dir.Substring($dir.IndexOf('\')+1)
where $dir is my string, however it only removes up to first string, is it possible to change direction?
What about using split-path?
$string = 'Projects\TestEnvironment\11111xx\1111111'
Split-Path $string -Leaf
returns 1111111.
Note the -Leaf parameter indicates that this cmdlet returns only the last item or container in the path.
#Robin's answer is good if the string is always a path (separated with "\"); in the general case, where the delimiter may be a different character, you can use
$string = "This-is-a-string-with-delimiters"
$lastword = ($string -split "-")[-1]
The -split operator defaults to splitting on a space, but will split on any character you choose to pass it, returning an array of strings, each string being the material before/between/after delimiters - in the example above, each word would be in a separate string in the array. Negative subscripts to an array count from the end of the array rather than the start, and are 1-origin rather than 0-origin - so $x[-1] is the last element of the array $x.
This technique also works on paths;
$path = "C:\Users\JSmith\Documents\Resume.doc"
$filename = ($path -split "\\")[-1]
will give you $filename -eq Resume.doc. Note that the delimiter passed to -split in this case is escaped, because the delimiter can be a regular expression, and the backslash ("\") is meaningful in regular expressions (it's the character that indicates that another meaningful character is to be "escaped", or its meaning ignored).
other solution
('Projects\TestEnvironment\11111xx\1111111' -split '\\')[-1]
or
'Projects\TestEnvironment\11111xx\1111111'.Split('\')[-1]
I have found many ways in Powershell to capture the sections of strings using split(), but I am stumped on this one. Using the example string below:
"Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
I am able to capture the end "Bird" using the code below:
$path = "Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
$animal = $path.split("/")[-1]
My end goal is to be able to capture the front of the string, without the last "split", so to output:
"Monkey/Zebra/Bird"
The number of "Animals" will vary, so I cannot hard code the number of characters or "/" to look for.
Using a regular expression with -replace:
$text = "Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
$text -replace '/[^/]+$'
Monkey/Zebra/Bird
I would probably use a regex too, but if you wanted to use a split:
("Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird" -split '/')[0..((("Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird" -split '/').count)-2)] -join '\'
I love Perl...errr Powershell
You could use a for each command such as
$path = "Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
foreach($animal in $path.split("/"))
{
Write-Host $animal
}
This will then split the path and process each animal in turn
I preface this with the fact that RegEx is probably your fastest answer. That said...
Another approach, using split, to get only one of each animal since your example was parsing out the duplicate "bird" from "Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
$Animals = "Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
($Animals.Split('/')|Select -Unique) -join '/'
Or if you just want to drop the last part you can do what EBGreen suggested, split it into individual animals, count those, return all but the last one, and re-join them together.
($Animals.Split('/'))[0..($Animals.Split('/').count-2)] -join '/'
Either of those will return Monkey/Zebra/Bird but if you like the latter of the options please attribute the answer to EBGreen.
$path = "Monkey/Zebra/Bird/Bird"
$path -replace '/\w+$'
Monkey/Zebra/Bird
What is the best way to remove all text in a string after a specific character? In my case "=" and after another character in my case a ,, but keep the text between?
Sample input
=keep this,
Another way to do this is with operator -replace.
$TestString = "test=keep this, but not this."
$NewString = $TestString -replace ".*=" -replace ",.*"
.*= means any number of characters up to and including an equals sign.
,.* means a comma followed by any number of characters.
Since you are basically deleting those two parts of the string, you don't have to specify an empty string with which to replace them. You can use multiple -replaces, but just remember that the order is left-to-right.
$a="some text =keep this,but not this"
$a.split('=')[1].split(',')[0]
returns
keep this
This should do what you want:
C:\PS> if ('=keep this,' -match '=([^,]*)') { $matches[1] }
keep this
This is really old, but I wanted to add my slight variation for anyone else who may stumble across this. Regular expressions are powerful things.
To keep the text which falls between the equal sign and the comma:
-replace "^.*?=(.*?),.*?$",'$1'
This regular expression starts at the beginning of the line, wipes all characters until the first equal sign, captures every character until the next comma, then wipes every character until the end of the line. It then replaces the entire line with the capture group (anything within the parentheses). It will match any line that contains at least one equal sign followed by at least one comma. It is similar to the suggestion by Trix, but unlike that suggestion, this will not match lines which only contain either an equal sign or a comma, it must have both in order.
I referenced #benjamin-hubbard 's answer above to parse the output of dnscmd for A records, and generate a PHP "dictionary"/key-value pairs of IPs and Hostnames. I strung multiple -replace args together to replace text with nothing or tab to format the data for the PHP file.
$DnsDataClean = $DnsData `
-match "^[a-zA-Z0-9].+\sA\s.+" `
-replace "172\.30\.","`$P." `
-replace "\[.*\] " `
-replace "\s[0-9]+\sA\s","`t"
$DnsDataTable = ( $DnsDataClean | `
ForEach-Object {
$HostName = ($_ -split "\t")[0] ;
$IpAddress = ($_ -split "\t")[1] ;
"`t`"$IpAddress`"`t=>`t'$HostName', `n" ;
} | sort ) + "`t`"`$P.255.255`"`t=>`t'None'"
"<?php
`$P = '10.213';
`$IpHostArr = [`n`n$DnsDataTable`n];
?>" | Out-File -Encoding ASCII -FilePath IpHostLookups.php
Get-Content IpHostLookups.php
How can I extract a substring using PowerShell?
I have this string ...
"-----start-------Hello World------end-------"
I have to extract ...
Hello World
What is the best way to do that?
The -match operator tests a regex, combine it with the magic variable $matches to get your result
PS C:\> $x = "----start----Hello World----end----"
PS C:\> $x -match "----start----(?<content>.*)----end----"
True
PS C:\> $matches['content']
Hello World
Whenever in doubt about regex-y things, check out this site: http://www.regular-expressions.info
The Substring method provides us a way to extract a particular string from the original string based on a starting position and length. If only one argument is provided, it is taken to be the starting position, and the remainder of the string is outputted.
PS > "test_string".Substring(0,4)
Test
PS > "test_string".Substring(4)
_stringPS >
But this is easier...
$s = 'Hello World is in here Hello World!'
$p = 'Hello World'
$s -match $p
And finally, to recurse through a directory selecting only the .txt files and searching for occurrence of "Hello World":
dir -rec -filter *.txt | Select-String 'Hello World'
Not sure if this is efficient or not, but strings in PowerShell can be referred to using array index syntax, in a similar fashion to Python.
It's not completely intuitive because of the fact the first letter is referred to by index = 0, but it does:
Allow a second index number that is longer than the string, without generating an error
Extract substrings in reverse
Extract substrings from the end of the string
Here are some examples:
PS > 'Hello World'[0..2]
Yields the result (index values included for clarity - not generated in output):
H [0]
e [1]
l [2]
Which can be made more useful by passing -join '':
PS > 'Hello World'[0..2] -join ''
Hel
There are some interesting effects you can obtain by using different indices:
Forwards
Use a first index value that is less than the second and the substring will be extracted in the forwards direction as you would expect. This time the second index value is far in excess of the string length but there is no error:
PS > 'Hello World'[3..300] -join ''
lo World
Unlike:
PS > 'Hello World'.Substring(3,300)
Exception calling "Substring" with "2" argument(s): "Index and length must refer to a location within
the string.
Backwards
If you supply a second index value that is lower than the first, the string is returned in reverse:
PS > 'Hello World'[4..0] -join ''
olleH
From End
If you use negative numbers you can refer to a position from the end of the string. To extract 'World', the last 5 letters, we use:
PS > 'Hello World'[-5..-1] -join ''
World
PS> $a = "-----start-------Hello World------end-------"
PS> $a.substring(17, 11)
or
PS> $a.Substring($a.IndexOf('H'), 11)
$a.Substring(argument1, argument2) --> Here argument1 = Starting position of the desired alphabet and argument2 = Length of the substring you want as output.
Here 17 is the index of the alphabet 'H' and since we want to Print till Hello World, we provide 11 as the second argument
Building on Matt's answer, here's one that searches across newlines and is easy to modify for your own use
$String="----start----`nHello World`n----end----"
$SearchStart="----start----`n" #Will not be included in results
$SearchEnd="`n----end----" #Will not be included in results
$String -match "(?s)$SearchStart(?<content>.*)$SearchEnd"
$result=$matches['content']
$result
--
NOTE: if you want to run this against a file keep in mind Get-Content returns an array not a single string. You can work around this by doing the following:
$String=[string]::join("`n", (Get-Content $Filename))
other solution
$template="-----start-------{Value:This is a test 123}------end-------"
$text="-----start-------Hello World------end-------"
$text | ConvertFrom-String -TemplateContent $template
Since the string is not complex, no need to add RegEx strings. A simple match will do the trick
$line = "----start----Hello World----end----"
$line -match "Hello World"
$matches[0]
Hello World
$result = $matches[0]
$result
Hello World
I needed to extract a few lines in a log file and this post was helpful in solving my issue, so i thought of adding it here. If someone needs to extract muliple lines, you can use the script to get the index of the a word matching that string (i'm searching for "Root") and extract content in all lines.
$File_content = Get-Content "Path of the text file"
$result = #()
foreach ($val in $File_content){
$Index_No = $val.IndexOf("Root")
$result += $val.substring($Index_No)
}
$result | Select-Object -Unique
Cheers..!