LSB init service dependency - linux

I have added the two services A and B. B is dependent on A means if i will start B then A should be start automatically if it is not running already. But A is not coming up automatically when i am starting B.
Can you please tell where am i wrong ?. I have mentioned the Init scripts for both the services below.
B Init script:
#!/bin/bash
# Author: Jsingh <jsingh#sandvine.com>
# chkconfig: 2345 95 05
# processname: B
# config: /usr/local/etc/rc.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/B.pid
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: B
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network A
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network A
# Should-Start:
# Should-Stop:
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop System daemon
# Description:
### END INIT INFO
A Init Script:
#!/bin/bash
# Author: Jsingh <jsingh#sandvine.com>
# chkconfig: 2345 90 10
# processname: A
# config: /usr/local/etc/rc.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/A.pid
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: A
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network
# Should-Start:
# Should-Stop:
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop System daemon
# Description:
### END INIT INFO

Related

Is the following synthesizable?

Hi I am trying to create a verilog register that outputs its value only when the write signal is high else it is high impedance. Is the following synthesizable?
module R(data_from_bus,data_to_bus,clk,read,write);
input [7:0]data_from_bus;
input clk,read,write;
output reg[7:0] data_to_bus;
reg[7:0] r_reg;
always#(posedge clk)
begin
if (read==1)
r_reg<=data_from_bus;
end
always#(write)
begin
if (write==1)
data_to_bus=r_reg;
else
data_to_bus=8'bz;
end
endmodule

yes, it is synthesizable, but not necessarily doing what you want because of the questionable format.
here's a better (safer) version:
module R(data_from_bus,data_to_bus,clk,read,write);
input [7:0]data_from_bus;
input clk,read,write;
output data_to_bus;
reg[7:0] r_reg;
always#(posedge clk) begin
if (read)
r_reg<=data_from_bus;
else
r_reg<=r_reg;
end
wire[7:0] r_reg_wire;
assign r_reg_wire = r_reg;
assign data_to_bus = write ? r_reg_wire : 8'bz;
endmodule
the main problem of the one you posted is that you are not having an else statement for the first non-blocking assignment: (if (read == 1))
This might result in inferring a latch (but tools are most likely smart enough to fix it implicitly), which does the same thing in simulation as a flip-flop in simulation, but will mess with timing in real life deployment
a really good approach is to use 'always_ff' for registers assignment, 'always_comb' for combinational logic assignment, and 'always_latch' for intended latch (which is rarely used apart from really fishy timing case such as clock gating); but these keyword are only supported in SystemVerilog

Yes.
Here is the result of synthesizing the posted code in the free online tools available at the EDA Playground website, using Mentor Precision.
Please add r_reg to the sensitivity list for the combinational logic to assure the simulation and synthesis results agree. Use always #(*) to accomplish the same thing using a wildcard style approach.
Synthesis ran and produced no errors.
The log is shown below.
The last part of the log is a post synthesis Verilog netlist.
Note the tool used the FDRE primitive to implement the registers bits.
To repeat this process, see the reference design at:
https://www.edaplayground.com/x/2BmJ
Copy the reference design to your EDA Playground account (assuming you have one;you should its free and helpfu) using the copy button.
Paste the design you want to synthesize into the design.v tab.
Run it by clicking the run button.
Log file
[2022-05-08 23:57:07 UTC] precision -shell -file run.do -fileargs "design.sv" && sed 's-$-<br>-g' precision.v > tmp.html && echo '<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <style> body {font-family: monospace;} </style> </head> <body>' > tmp2.html && echo '</body> </html> ' > tmp3.html && cat tmp2.html tmp.html tmp3.html > precision.html
precision: Setting MGC_HOME to /usr/share/precision/Mgc_home ...
precision: Executing on platform: Derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 (Source) -- 5.4.0-107-generic -- x86_64
// Precision RTL Synthesis 64-bit 2021.1.0.4 (Production Release) Tue Jul 20 01:22:31 PDT 2021
//
// Copyright (c) Mentor Graphics Corporation, 1996-2021, All Rights Reserved.
// Portions copyright 1991-2008 Compuware Corporation
// UNPUBLISHED, LICENSED SOFTWARE.
// CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION WHICH IS THE
// PROPERTY OF MENTOR GRAPHICS CORPORATION OR ITS LICENSORS
//
// Running on Linux runner#eaa22c631d4a #121-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 24 16:04:27 UTC 2022 5.4.0-107-generic x86_64
//
// Start time Sun May 8 19:57:09 2022
# -------------------------------------------------
# Info: [9569]: Logging session transcript to file /home/runner/precision.log
# Warning: [9508]: Results directory is not set. Use new_project, open_project, or set_results_dir.
# Info: [9577]: Input directory: /home/runner
# Info: [9572]: Moving session transcript to file /home/runner/precision.log
# Info: [9558]: Created project /home/runner/project_1.psp in folder /home/runner.
# Info: [9531]: Created directory: /home/runner/impl_1.
# Info: [9557]: Created implementation impl_1 in project /home/runner/project_1.psp.
# Info: [9578]: The Results Directory has been set to: /home/runner/impl_1/
# Info: [9569]: Logging project transcript to file /home/runner/impl_1/precision.log
# Info: [9569]: Logging suppressed messages transcript to file /home/runner/impl_1/precision.log.suppressed
# Info: [9552]: Activated implementation impl_1 in project /home/runner/project_1.psp.
# Info: [20026]: MultiProc: Precision will use a maximum of 8 logical processors.
# Info: [15302]: Setting up the design to use synthesis library "xca7.syn"
# Info: [585]: The global max fanout is currently set to 10000 for Xilinx - ARTIX-7.
# Info: [15328]: Setting Part to: "7A100TCSG324".
# Info: [15329]: Setting Process to: "1".
# Info: [7513]: The default input to Vivado place and route has been set to "Verilog".
# Info: [7512]: The place and route tool for current technology is Vivado.
# Info: [3052]: Decompressing file : /usr/share/precision/Mgc_home/pkgs/psr/techlibs/xca7.syn in /home/runner/impl_1/synlib.
# Info: [3022]: Reading file: /home/runner/impl_1/synlib/xca7.syn.
# Info: [645]: Loading library initialization file /usr/share/precision/Mgc_home/pkgs/psr/userware/xilinx_rename.tcl
# Info: [40000]: hdl-analyze, Release RTLC-Precision 2021a.12
# Info: [42003]: Starting analysis of files in library "work"
# Info: [41002]: Analyzing input file "/home/runner/design.sv" ...
# Info: [670]: Top module of the design is set to: R.
# Info: [668]: Current working directory: /home/runner/impl_1.
# Info: [40000]: RTLC-Driver, Release RTLC-Precision 2021a.12
# Info: [40000]: Last compiled on Jul 2 2021 08:23:33
# Info: [44512]: Initializing...
# Info: [44504]: Partitioning design ....
# Info: [40000]: RTLCompiler, Release RTLC-Precision 2021a.12
# Info: [40000]: Last compiled on Jul 2 2021 08:49:53
# Info: [44512]: Initializing...
# Info: [44522]: Root Module R: Pre-processing...
# Info: [44523]: Root Module R: Compiling...
# Warning: [45784]: "/home/runner/design.sv", line 11: Module R, Net(s) r_reg[7:0]: Although this signal is not part of the sensitivity list of this block, it is being read. This may lead to simulation mismatch.
# Info: [44842]: Compilation successfully completed.
# Info: [44856]: Total lines of RTL compiled: 17.
# Info: [44835]: Total CPU time for compilation: 0.0 secs.
# Info: [44513]: Overall running time for compilation: 1.0 secs.
# Info: [668]: Current working directory: /home/runner/impl_1.
# Info: [15334]: Doing rtl optimizations.
# Info: [671]: Finished compiling design.
# Info: [668]: Current working directory: /home/runner/impl_1.
# Info: [20026]: MultiProc: Precision will use a maximum of 8 logical processors.
# Info: [15002]: Optimizing design view:.work.R.INTERFACE
# Info: [15002]: Optimizing design view:.work.R.INTERFACE
# Info: [8010]: Gated clock transformations: Begin...
# Info: [8010]: Gated clock transformations: End...
# Info: [8053]: Added global buffer BUFGP for Port port:clk
# Info: [3027]: Writing file: /home/runner/impl_1/R.edf.
# Info: [3027]: Writing file: /home/runner/impl_1/R.xdc.
# Info: -- Writing file /home/runner/impl_1/R.tcl
# Info: [3027]: Writing file: /home/runner/impl_1/R.v.
# Info: -- Writing file /home/runner/impl_1/R.tcl
# Info: [671]: Finished synthesizing design.
# Info: [11019]: Total CPU time for synthesis: 0.8 s secs.
# Info: [11020]: Overall running time for synthesis: 1.0 s secs.
# Info: /home/runner/impl_1/precision_tech.sdc
# Info: [3027]: Writing file: /home/runner/precision.v.
# Info: [3027]: Writing file: /home/runner/precision.xdc.
# Info: -- Writing file /home/runner/impl_1/R.tcl
# Info: Info, Command 'auto_write' finished successfully
# Info: Num File Type Path
# Info: --------------------------------------------------------
# Info: 0 /home/runner/impl_1/R_area.rep
# Info: 1 /home/runner/impl_1/R_con_rep.sdc
# Info: 2 /home/runner/impl_1/R_tech_con_rep.sdc
# Info: 3 /home/runner/impl_1/R_fsm.rep
# Info: 4 /home/runner/impl_1/R_dsp_modes.rep
# Info: 5 /home/runner/impl_1/R_ram_modes.rep
# Info: 6 /home/runner/impl_1/R_env.htm
# Info: 7 /home/runner/impl_1/R.edf
# Info: 8 /home/runner/impl_1/R.v
# Info: 9 /home/runner/impl_1/R.xdc
# Info: 10 /home/runner/impl_1/R.tcl
# Info: ***************************************************************
# Info: Device Utilization for 7A100TCSG324
# Info: ***************************************************************
# Info: Resource Used Avail Utilization
# Info: ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Info: IOs 19 210 9.05%
# Info: Global Buffers 1 32 3.12%
# Info: LUTs 1 63400 0.00%
# Info: CLB Slices 1 15850 0.01%
# Info: Dffs or Latches 8 126800 0.01%
# Info: Block RAMs 0 135 0.00%
# Info: DSP48E1s 0 240 0.00%
# Info: ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Info: *****************************************************
# Info: Library: work Cell: R View: INTERFACE
# Info: *****************************************************
# Info: Number of ports : 19
# Info: Number of nets : 40
# Info: Number of instances : 29
# Info: Number of references to this view : 0
# Info: Total accumulated area :
# Info: Number of Dffs or Latches : 8
# Info: Number of LUTs : 1
# Info: Number of Primitive LUTs : 1
# Info: Number of accumulated instances : 29
# Info: *****************************
# Info: IO Register Mapping Report
# Info: *****************************
# Info: Design: work.R.INTERFACE
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | Port | Direction | INFF | OUTFF | TRIFF |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(7) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(6) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(5) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(4) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(3) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(2) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(1) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_from_bus(0) | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(7) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(6) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(5) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(4) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(3) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(2) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(1) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | data_to_bus(0) | Output | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | clk | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | read | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: | write | Input | | | |
# Info: +---------------------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
# Info: Total registers mapped: 0
# Info: [12022]: Design has no timing constraint and no timing information.
# Info: //
# Info: // Verilog description for cell R,
# Info: // Sun May 8 19:57:18 2022
# Info: //
# Info: // Precision RTL Synthesis, 64-bit 2021.1.0.4//
# Info: module R ( data_from_bus, data_to_bus, clk, read, write ) ;
# Info: input [7:0]data_from_bus ;
# Info: output [7:0]data_to_bus ;
# Info: input clk ;
# Info: input read ;
# Info: input write ;
# Info: wire [7:0]data_from_bus_int;
# Info: wire clk_int;
# Info: wire read_int, write_int, nx57998z1, nx198;
# Info: wire [7:0]r_reg;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(0) (.O (data_to_bus[0]), .I (r_reg[0]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(1) (.O (data_to_bus[1]), .I (r_reg[1]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(2) (.O (data_to_bus[2]), .I (r_reg[2]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(3) (.O (data_to_bus[3]), .I (r_reg[3]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(4) (.O (data_to_bus[4]), .I (r_reg[4]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(5) (.O (data_to_bus[5]), .I (r_reg[5]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(6) (.O (data_to_bus[6]), .I (r_reg[6]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: OBUFT \data_to_bus_triBus1(7) (.O (data_to_bus[7]), .I (r_reg[7]), .T (
# Info: nx57998z1)) ;
# Info: IBUF write_ibuf (.O (write_int), .I (write)) ;
# Info: IBUF read_ibuf (.O (read_int), .I (read)) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(0) (.O (data_from_bus_int[0]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[0])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(1) (.O (data_from_bus_int[1]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[1])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(2) (.O (data_from_bus_int[2]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[2])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(3) (.O (data_from_bus_int[3]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[3])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(4) (.O (data_from_bus_int[4]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[4])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(5) (.O (data_from_bus_int[5]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[5])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(6) (.O (data_from_bus_int[6]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[6])) ;
# Info: IBUF \data_from_bus_ibuf(7) (.O (data_from_bus_int[7]), .I (
# Info: data_from_bus[7])) ;
# Info: INV ix57998z1315 (.O (nx57998z1), .I (write_int)) ;
# Info: BUFGP clk_ibuf (.O (clk_int), .I (clk)) ;
# Info: GND ps_gnd (.G (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(7) (.Q (r_reg[7]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[7]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(6) (.Q (r_reg[6]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[6]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(5) (.Q (r_reg[5]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[5]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(4) (.Q (r_reg[4]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[4]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(3) (.Q (r_reg[3]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[3]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(2) (.Q (r_reg[2]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[2]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(1) (.Q (r_reg[1]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[1]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: FDRE \reg_r_reg(0) (.Q (r_reg[0]), .C (clk_int), .CE (read_int), .D (
# Info: data_from_bus_int[0]), .R (nx198)) ;
# Info: endmodule

Destroying luks header on dm-crypt linux

I am trying to destroy the luks header on one of my logical volume data1, I am still able to read the file inside data1 after I delete the luks header. I suppose it should not be the case right? Can someone help me in understanding this case?
lsblk output
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 894.2G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 893.8G 0 part
├─vg0-root 251:0 0 758.7G 0 lvm
│ └─luks-45f803e5-3c17-4aaf-a9ad-d66c8b5458de 251:2 0 758.7G 0 crypt /
├─vg0-swap 251:1 0 75G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─vg0-data3 251:3 0 20G 0 lvm
│ └─luks-6e168d35-26dc-429c-a3d6-8cb4f1c1d39e 251:7 0 20G 0 crypt /data3
├─vg0-data2 251:4 0 20G 0 lvm
│ └─luks-75727dd1-a332-423d-8c37-4cedf9cbe83c 251:8 0 20G 0 crypt /data2
└─vg0-data1 251:5 0 20G 0 lvm
└─luks-cf2d9729-2d1b-48b8-8502-dea937ef602f 251:6 0 20G 0 crypt /data1
Luksdump output to check if the luks header is exists:
-130-sapam#test-host:~ $ sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/mapper/vg0-data1
LUKS header information for /dev/mapper/vg0-data1
Version: 1
Cipher name: aes
Cipher mode: xts-plain64
Hash spec: sha256
Payload offset: 4096
MK bits: 256
MK digest: 9f e7 1a b3 0e fb 4e bc 6d 1b 9e 46 f8 bd 15 22 ea 04 6e c3
MK salt: 83 5e 90 5b b3 a1 c5 a5 d4 22 a0 3e 23 25 51 50
fc cd a8 ac db 9f d0 a8 8b 81 6e 9a 92 1f d8 d3
MK iterations: 43750
UUID: cf2d9729-2d1b-48b8-8502-dea937ef602f
Key Slot 0: ENABLED
Iterations: 439102
Salt: f1 6d 23 b0 b7 ee fc 09 8c 6b 92 ef b2 17 ef d9
0c 83 64 29 bf bc 98 3f f6 93 4b 45 06 49 a9 21
Key material offset: 8
AF stripes: 4000
Key Slot 1: DISABLED
Key Slot 2: DISABLED
Key Slot 3: DISABLED
Key Slot 4: DISABLED
Key Slot 5: DISABLED
Key Slot 6: DISABLED
Key Slot 7: DISABLED
Destroying the luks header:
-130-sapam#test-host:~ $ sudo dd bs=512 count=4096 if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/vg0-data1
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
2097152 bytes (2.1 MB) copied, 0.00444235 s, 472 MB/s
-0-sapam#test-host:~ $ sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/mapper/vg0-data1
-1-sapam#test-host:~ $
I still able to read the file inside /data1/
-1-sapam#test-host:~ $ cat /data1/foo
james
-0-sapam#test-host:~ $
From my understanding is once the header is destroyed, the /data1 should not be able to read right?

It seems you are destroying already mounted partition.
Encryption/decryption keys are hold in the memory while the partition is mounted. You should unmout your LUKS partition first:
# umount /data1
and then erase the LUKS header. You won't be able to mount it again.
Please note cryptsetup utility has a command to erase LUKS header:
# cryptsetup luksErase /dev/mapper/vg0-data1
The advantage of this operation is that you can restore LUKS header from the backup if you done it before.
from cryptsetup(8):
erase <device>
luksErase <device>
Erase all keyslots and make the LUKS container permanently inac‐
cessible. You do not need to provide any password for this op‐
eration.
WARNING: This operation is irreversible.

While luksErase is nice to wipe the keyslots area, note that it doesn't actually destroy the entire LUKS Header. It leaves the metadata intact.
I submitted a feature request asking for the luksErase command to have the ability to wipe the plaintext metadata in the header as well, but the developer rejected & closed it :(
LUKS Header Shredder
You can use the following BASH script to find every LUKS device on the system, wipe the headers, and shutdown the machine.
Disclaimer
The script below contains experimental software that may or may not lead to corruption or total permanent deletion of some or all of your data. I cannot be responsible for any data loss that has occurred as a result of following this guide.
The contents of this answer is provided openly and is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license. The software included in this guide is licensed under the GNU GPLv3 license. All content here is consistent with the limitations of liabilities outlined in its respective licenses.
I highly recommend that any experiments with the script included in this answer is used exclusively on a disposable machine containing no valuable data.
If data loss is a concern for you, then leave now and do not proceed. You have been warned.
#!/bin/bash
#set -x
################################################################################
# File: buskill-selfdestruct.sh
# Purpose: Self-destruct trigger script for BusKill Kill Cord
# For more info, see: https://buskill.in/
# WARNING: THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL SOFTWARE THAT IS DESIGNED TO CAUSE PERMANENT,
# COMPLETE AND IRREVERSIBLE DATA LOSS!
# Note : This script will *not* execute unless it's passed the '--yes'
# argument. Be sure to test this trigger before depending on it!
# Authors: Michael Altfield <michael#buskill.in>
# Created: 2020-03-11
# Updated: 2020-03-11
# Version: 0.1
################################################################################
############
# SETTINGS #
############
BUSKILL_LOCK='/usr/local/bin/buskill-lock.sh'
[ -f ${BUSKILL_LOCK} ] || echo "ERROR: Unable to find buskill-lock.sh"
CRYPTSETUP=`which cryptsetup` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find cryptsetup"
LS=`which ls` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find ls"
CAT=`which cat` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find cat"
GREP=`which grep` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find grep"
ECHO=`which echo` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find echo"
AWK=`which awk` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find awk"
HEAD=`which head` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find head"
LSBLK=`which lsblk` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find lsblk"
OD=`which od` || echo "ERROR: Unable to find od"
##############
# ROOT CHECK #
##############
# re-run as root
if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
exec sudo /bin/bash "$0" "$#"
fi
###########
# CONFIRM #
###########
# for safety, exit if this script is executed without a '--yes' argument
${ECHO} "${#}" | ${GREP} '\--yes' &> /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
${ECHO} "WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING"
${ECHO} "================================================================================"
${ECHO} "WARNING: THIS IS EXPERIMENTAL SOFTWARE THAT IS DESIGNED TO CAUSE PERMANENT, COMPLETE AND IRREVERSIBLE DATA LOSS!"
${ECHO} "================================================================================"
${ECHO} "WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING"
${ECHO}
${ECHO} "cowardly refusing to execute without the '--yes' argument for your protection. If really you want to proceed with damaging your system, retry with the '--yes' argument"
exit 1
fi
###########################
# (DELAYED) HARD SHUTDOWN #
###########################
# The most secure encrypted computer is an encrypted computer that is *off*
# This is our highest priority; initiate a hard-shutdown to occur in 5 minutes regardless
# of what happens later in this script
nohup sleep 60 && echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger &
nohup sleep 61 && shutdown -h now &
nohup sleep 62 && poweroff --force --no-sync &
###############
# LOCK SCREEN #
###############
# first action: lock the screen!
${BUSKILL_LOCK} &
#####################
# WIPE LUKS VOLUMES #
#####################
# overwrite luks headers
${ECHO} "INFO: shredding LUKS header (plaintext metadata and keyslots with encrypted master decryption key)"
writes=''
IFS=$'\n'
for line in $( ${LSBLK} --list --output 'PATH,FSTYPE' | ${GREP} 'crypt' ); do
device="`${ECHO} \"${line}\" | ${AWK} '{print \$1}'`"
${ECHO} -e "\t${device}"
###########################
# OVERWRITE LUKS KEYSLOTS #
###########################
# erases all keyslots, making the LUKS container "permanently inaccessible"
${CRYPTSETUP} luksErase --batch-mode "${device}" || ${HEAD} --bytes 20M /dev/urandom > ${device} &
# store the pid of the above write tasks so we can try to wait for it to
# flush to disk later -- before triggering a brutal hard-shutdown
writes="${writes} $!"
#####################################
# OVERWRITE LUKS PLAINTEXT METADATA #
#####################################
luksVersion=`${OD} --skip-bytes 6 --read-bytes 2 --format d2 --endian=big --address-radix "n" "${device}"`
# get the end byte to overwrite. For more info, see:
# https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/227359/how-to-determine-start-and-end-bytes-of-luks-header
if [[ $luksVersion -eq 1 ]]; then
# LUKS1: https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/wikis/LUKS-standard/on-disk-format.pdf
# in LUKS1, the whole header ends at 512 * the `payload-offset`
# this is actually more than we need (includes keyslots), but
# it's the fastest/easiest to bound to fetch in LUKS1
payloadOffset=`${OD} --skip-bytes 104 --read-bytes 4 --format d4 --endian=big --address-radix "n" "${device}"`
luksEndByte=$(( 512 * ${payloadOffset} ))
elif [[ $luksVersion -eq 2 ]]; then
# LUKS2: https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/LUKS2-docs/blob/master/luks2_doc_wip.pdf
# in LUKS2, the end of the plaintext metadata area is twice the
# size of the `hdr_size` field
hdr_size=`${OD} --skip-bytes 8 --read-bytes 8 --format d8 --endian=big --address-radix "n" "${device}"`
luksEndByte=$(( 2 * ${hdr_size} ))
else
# version unclear; just overwrite 20 MiB
luksEndByte=20971520
fi
# finally, shred that plaintext metadata; we do this in a new file descriptor
# to prevent bash from truncating if ${device} is a file
exec 5<> "${device}"
${HEAD} --bytes "${luksEndByte}" /dev/urandom >&5 &
writes="${writes} $!"
exec 5>&-
done
#######################
# WAIT ON DISK WRITES #
#######################
# wait until all the write tasks above have completed
# note: do *not* put quotes around this arg or the whitespace will break wait
wait ${writes}
# clear write buffer to ensure headers overwrites are actually synced to disks
sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
#################################
# WIPE DECRYPTION KEYS FROM RAM #
#################################
# suspend each currently-decrypted LUKS volume
${ECHO} "INFO: removing decryption keys from memory"
for device in $( ${LS} -1 "/dev/mapper" ); do
${ECHO} -e "\t${device}";
${CRYPTSETUP} luksSuspend "${device}" &
# clear page caches in memory (again)
sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
done
#############################
# (IMMEDIATE) HARD SHUTDOWN #
#############################
# do whatever works; this is important.
echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger &
sleep 1
shutdown -h now &
sleep 1
poweroff --force --no-sync &
# exit cleanly (lol)
exit 0
Sources
LUKS Header Shredder (BusKill Self-Destruct Trigger)
https://github.com/BusKill/buskill-linux/blob/master/triggers/buskill-selfdestruct.sh

Metricbeat data is not read by logstash

I have configured Metricbeat to capture system level metrics, Metricbeat is intsalled as a service in Redhat linux , i installed metricbeat using rpm package.
Bellow is my metricbeat configuration .
> #============================ Config Reloading ==============================
> metricbeat.config.modules:
>
> # Glob pattern for configuration reloading
> path: ${path.config}/conf.d/*.yml
>
> # Period on which files under path should be checked for changes
> reload.period: 10s
>
> # Set to true to enable config reloading
> reload.enabled: false
>
> # Maximum amount of time to randomly delay the start of a metricset. Use 0 to
> # disable startup delay.
> metricbeat.max_start_delay: 10s
>
> #------------------------------- System Module -------------------------------
> - module: system
> metricsets:
> - cpu # CPU usage
> - load # CPU load averages
> - memory # Memory usage
> - network # Network IO
> - process # Per process metrics
> - process_summary # Process summary
> - uptime # System Uptime
> #- core # Per CPU core usage
> #- diskio # Disk IO
> #- filesystem # File system usage for each mountpoint
> #- fsstat # File system summary metrics
> #- raid # Raid
> #- socket # Sockets and connection info (linux only)
> enabled: true
> period: 10s
> processes: ['.*']
>
> # Configure the metric types that are included by these metricsets.
> cpu.metrics: ["percentages"] # The other available options are normalized_percentages and ticks.
> core.metrics: ["percentages"] # The other available option is ticks.
>
>
> #----------------------------- Logstash output ---------------------------------
> output.logstash:
> # Boolean flag to enable or disable the output module.
> #enabled: true
>
> # The Logstash hosts
> hosts: ["localhost:5044"]
And logstash is also installed as service in Redhat linux using rpm package.
bellow is my logstash configuration where i am trying to read inputs from
beat.input {
beats {
port => 5044
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
host => "localhost:9200"
index => "metricbeat_logs"
}
}
bellow is my user and group permissions for both logstash and metricbeat
cd /etc/logstash
ls -lrt
-rw-------. 1 apelkdev apa 1696 Aug 18 02:29 startup.options
> -rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 285 Aug 18 02:29 pipelines.yml
> -rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 342 Aug 18 02:29 logstash-sample.conf
> -rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 4466 Aug 18 02:29 log4j2.properties
> -rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 1846 Aug 18 02:29 jvm.options
> -rwxr-xr-x. 1 apelkdev apa 8154 Feb 8 07:41 logstash.yml
> drwxrwxr-x. 2 apelkdev apa 4096 Feb 8 10:29 conf.d
cd /etc/metricbeat
ls -lrt
-rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 57809 Aug 18 00:28 metricbeat.reference.yml
-rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 76697 Aug 18 00:28 fields.yml
-rw-r--r--. 1 apelkdev apa 0 Feb 7 06:24 metricbeat.
-rw-------. 1 apelkdev apa 7892 Feb 8 08:14 metricbeat.yml
and I am running both the services using bellow commands
sudo service metricbeat start
sudo service logstash start
I am really not getting what went wrong here, when we check metricbeat logs it is having captured metrics details for current timestamp, not very sure what happens to logstash and why it is not reading metricbeat events.

You haven't enabled output to logstash in code.
> output.logstash:
> # Boolean flag to enable or disable the output module.
> #enabled: true
On above please change to
enabled: true

Force Postfix to send email on port 587

I'm having an issue with postfix on a raspberry (debian jessie).
I have looked on the web on how to force postfix to send emails on port 587 but nothing work for me.
When I send email via the mail command , the mail.log indicates that postfix is trying to connect to the hotmail mailserver on port 25.
I have the same configuration on a VPS and everything work perfectly. I already checked the firewall configuration of my ISP and my NAT setting are well configured to redirect 25, 587 ... on my raspberry.
Can you help me to force postfix using port 587 ?
Than you.
My config :
## Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/dovecot-lda -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
Main.conf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = mydomain.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = localhost.com, , localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
A short extract of mail.log
Feb 21 14:25:22 raspberrypi postfix/qmgr[32705]: 61DE36021A: from=<hugo#raspberrypi>, size=315, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Feb 21 14:25:41 raspberrypi postfix/smtp[32708]: connect to mx2.hotmail.com[65.55.92.184]:25: Connection timed out
Feb 21 14:25:41 raspberrypi postfix/smtp[32709]: connect to mx2.hotmail.com[65.54.188.72]:25: Connection timed out
Feb 21 14:25:52 raspberrypi postfix/smtp[32734]: connect to mx3.hotmail.com[65.55.33.119]:25: Connection timed out

From what I understand of this problem, to force Postfix to use submission to send e-mail you should define this in main.cf. I don't see anything related in your example, that's why Postfix still send on port 25 (mail.log).
master.cf defines daemons/listeners run by Postfix, so you have enabled submission to reach your mail server, but have not configured it to send via submission.

Snort log file output format

I have been using Snort for my school project.
My problem is that the log files are in binary format and I am not able to read them using less/cat/vi. How do I do this?
I have specified in my snort.conf file unified2 format.
Here is my snort.conf file
--------------------------------------------------
# VRT Rule Packages Snort.conf
#
# For more information visit us at:
# http://www.snort.org Snort Website
# http://vrt-blog.snort.org/ Sourcefire VRT Blog
#
# Mailing list Contact: snort-sigs#lists.sourceforge.net
# False Positive reports: fp#sourcefire.com
# Snort bugs: bugs#snort.org
#
# Compatible with Snort Versions:
# VERSIONS : 2.9.6.2
#
# Snort build options:
# OPTIONS : --enable-gre --enable-mpls --enable-targetbased --enable-ppm --enable-perfprofiling --enable-zlib --enable-active-response --enable-normalizer --enable-reload --enable-react --enable-flexresp3
#
# Additional information:
# This configuration file enables active response, to run snort in
# test mode -T you are required to supply an interface -i <interface>
# or test mode will fail to fully validate the configuration and
# exit with a FATAL error
#--------------------------------------------------
###################################################
# This file contains a sample snort configuration.
# You should take the following steps to create your own custom configuration:
#
# 1) Set the network variables.
# 2) Configure the decoder
# 3) Configure the base detection engine
# 4) Configure dynamic loaded libraries
# 5) Configure preprocessors
# 6) Configure output plugins
# 7) Customize your rule set
# 8) Customize preprocessor and decoder rule set
# 9) Customize shared object rule set
###################################################
###################################################
# Step #1: Set the network variables. For more information, see README.variables
###################################################
# Setup the network addresses you are protecting
ipvar HOME_NET any
# Set up the external network addresses. Leave as "any" in most situations
ipvar EXTERNAL_NET any
# List of DNS servers on your network
ipvar DNS_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of SMTP servers on your network
ipvar SMTP_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of web servers on your network
ipvar HTTP_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of sql servers on your network
ipvar SQL_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of telnet servers on your network
ipvar TELNET_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of ssh servers on your network
ipvar SSH_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of ftp servers on your network
ipvar FTP_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of sip servers on your network
ipvar SIP_SERVERS $HOME_NET
# List of ports you run web servers on
portvar HTTP_PORTS [36,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,311,383,555,591,593,631,801,808,818,901,972,1158,1220,1414,1533,1741,1830,1942,2231,2301,2381,2809,2980,3029,3037,3057,3128,3443,3702,4000,4343,4848,5000,5117,5250,5600,6080,6173,6988,7000,7001,7071,7144,7145,7510,7770,7777,7778,7779,8000,8008,8014,8028,8080,8081,8082,8085,8088,8090,8118,8123,8180,8181,8222,8243,8280,8300,8333,8344,8500,8509,8800,8888,8899,8983,9000,9060,9080,9090,9091,9111,9290,9443,9999,10000,11371,12601,13014,15489,29991,33300,34412,34443,34444,41080,44449,50000,50002,51423,53331,55252,55555,56712]
# List of ports you want to look for SHELLCODE on.
portvar SHELLCODE_PORTS !80
# List of ports you might see oracle attacks on
portvar ORACLE_PORTS 1024:
# List of ports you want to look for SSH connections on:
portvar SSH_PORTS 22
# List of ports you run ftp servers on
portvar FTP_PORTS [21,2100,3535]
# List of ports you run SIP servers on
portvar SIP_PORTS [5060,5061,5600]
# List of file data ports for file inspection
portvar FILE_DATA_PORTS [$HTTP_PORTS,110,143]
# List of GTP ports for GTP preprocessor
portvar GTP_PORTS [2123,2152,3386]
# other variables, these should not be modified
ipvar AIM_SERVERS [64.12.24.0/23,64.12.28.0/23,64.12.161.0/24,64.12.163.0/24,64.12.200.0/24,205.188.3.0/24,205.188.5.0/24,205.188.7.0/24,205.188.9.0/24,205.188.153.0/24,205.188.179.0/24,205.188.248.0/24]
# Path to your rules files (this can be a relative path)
# Note for Windows users: You are advised to make this an absolute path,
# such as: c:\snort\rules
var RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules/rules
var SO_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules/so_rules
var PREPROC_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules/preproc_rules
# If you are using reputation preprocessor set these
var WHITE_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules/rules
var BLACK_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules/rules
###################################################
# Step #2: Configure the decoder. For more information, see README.decode
###################################################
# Stop generic decode events:
config disable_decode_alerts
# Stop Alerts on experimental TCP options
config disable_tcpopt_experimental_alerts
# Stop Alerts on obsolete TCP options
config disable_tcpopt_obsolete_alerts
# Stop Alerts on T/TCP alerts
config disable_tcpopt_ttcp_alerts
# Stop Alerts on all other TCPOption type events:
config disable_tcpopt_alerts
# Stop Alerts on invalid ip options
config disable_ipopt_alerts
# Alert if value in length field (IP, TCP, UDP) is greater th elength of the packet
# config enable_decode_oversized_alerts
# Same as above, but drop packet if in Inline mode (requires enable_decode_oversized_alerts)
# config enable_decode_oversized_drops
# Configure IP / TCP checksum mode
config checksum_mode: all
# Configure maximum number of flowbit references. For more information, see README.flowbits
# config flowbits_size: 64
# Configure ports to ignore
# config ignore_ports: tcp 21 6667:6671 1356
# config ignore_ports: udp 1:17 53
# Configure active response for non inline operation. For more information, see REAMDE.active
# config response: eth0 attempts 2
# Configure DAQ related options for inline operation. For more information, see README.daq
#
# config daq: <type>
# config daq_dir: <dir>
# config daq_mode: <mode>
# config daq_var: <var>
#
# <type> ::= pcap | afpacket | dump | nfq | ipq | ipfw
# <mode> ::= read-file | passive | inline
# <var> ::= arbitrary <name>=<value passed to DAQ
# <dir> ::= path as to where to look for DAQ module so's
# Configure specific UID and GID to run snort as after dropping privs. For more information see snort -h command line options
#
# config set_gid:
# config set_uid:
# Configure default snaplen. Snort defaults to MTU of in use interface. For more information see README
#
# config snaplen:
#
# Configure default bpf_file to use for filtering what traffic reaches snort. For more information see snort -h command line options (-F)
#
# config bpf_file:
#
# Configure default log directory for snort to log to. For more information see snort -h command line options (-l)
#
# config logdir:
config logdir:/var/log/snort/
###################################################
# Step #3: Configure the base detection engine. For more information, see README.decode
###################################################
# Configure PCRE match limitations
config pcre_match_limit: 3500
config pcre_match_limit_recursion: 1500
# Configure the detection engine See the Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Includes - Config
config detection: search-method ac-split search-optimize max-pattern-len 20
# Configure the event queue. For more information, see README.event_queue
config event_queue: max_queue 8 log 5 order_events content_length
###################################################
## Configure GTP if it is to be used.
## For more information, see README.GTP
####################################################
# config enable_gtp
###################################################
# Per packet and rule latency enforcement
# For more information see README.ppm
###################################################
# Per Packet latency configuration
#config ppm: max-pkt-time 250, \
# fastpath-expensive-packets, \
# pkt-log
# Per Rule latency configuration
#config ppm: max-rule-time 200, \
# threshold 3, \
# suspend-expensive-rules, \
# suspend-timeout 20, \
# rule-log alert
###################################################
# Configure Perf Profiling for debugging
# For more information see README.PerfProfiling
###################################################
#config profile_rules: print all, sort avg_ticks
#config profile_preprocs: print all, sort avg_ticks
###################################################
# Configure protocol aware flushing
# For more information see README.stream5
###################################################
config paf_max: 16000
###################################################
# Step #4: Configure dynamic loaded libraries.
# For more information, see Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Dynamic Modules
###################################################
# path to dynamic preprocessor libraries
dynamicpreprocessor directory /usr/lib64/snort-2.9.6.2_dynamicpreprocessor/
# path to base preprocessor engine
dynamicengine /usr/lib64/snort-2.9.6.2_dynamicengine/libsf_engine.so
# path to dynamic rules libraries
dynamicdetection directory /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules
###################################################
# Step #5: Configure preprocessors
# For more information, see the Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Preprocessors
###################################################
# GTP Control Channle Preprocessor. For more information, see README.GTP
# preprocessor gtp: ports { 2123 3386 2152 }
# Inline packet normalization. For more information, see README.normalize
# Does nothing in IDS mode
preprocessor normalize_ip4
preprocessor normalize_tcp: ips ecn stream
preprocessor normalize_icmp4
preprocessor normalize_ip6
preprocessor normalize_icmp6
# Target-based IP defragmentation. For more inforation, see README.frag3
preprocessor frag3_global: max_frags 65536
preprocessor frag3_engine: policy windows detect_anomalies overlap_limit 10 min_fragment_length 100 timeout 180
# Target-Based stateful inspection/stream reassembly. For more inforation, see README.stream5
preprocessor stream5_global: track_tcp yes, \
track_udp yes, \
track_icmp no, \
max_tcp 262144, \
max_udp 131072, \
max_active_responses 2, \
min_response_seconds 5
preprocessor stream5_tcp: policy windows, detect_anomalies, require_3whs 180, \
overlap_limit 10, small_segments 3 bytes 150, timeout 180, \
ports client 21 22 23 25 42 53 70 79 109 110 111 113 119 135 136 137 139 143 \
161 445 513 514 587 593 691 1433 1521 1741 2100 3306 6070 6665 6666 6667 6668 6669 \
7000 8181 32770 32771 32772 32773 32774 32775 32776 32777 32778 32779, \
ports both 36 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 110 311 383 443 465 563 555 591 593 631 636 801 808 818 901 972 989 992 993 994 995 1158 1220 1414 1533 1741 1830 1942 2231 2301 2381 2809 2980 3029 3037 3057 3128 3443 3702 4000 4343 4848 5000 5117 5250 5600 6080 6173 6988 7907 7000 7001 7071 7144 7145 7510 7802 7770 7777 7778 7779 \
7801 7900 7901 7902 7903 7904 7905 7906 7908 7909 7910 7911 7912 7913 7914 7915 7916 \
7917 7918 7919 7920 8000 8008 8014 8028 8080 8081 8082 8085 8088 8090 8118 8123 8180 8181 8222 8243 8280 8300 8333 8344 8500 8509 8800 8888 8899 8983 9000 9060 9080 9090 9091 9111 9290 9443 9999 10000 11371 12601 13014 15489 29991 33300 34412 34443 34444 41080 44449 50000 50002 51423 53331 55252 55555 56712
preprocessor stream5_udp: timeout 180
# performance statistics. For more information, see the Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Preprocessors - Performance Monitor
# preprocessor perfmonitor: time 300 file /var/snort/snort.stats pktcnt 10000
# HTTP normalization and anomaly detection. For more information, see README.http_inspect
preprocessor http_inspect: global iis_unicode_map unicode.map 1252 compress_depth 65535 decompress_depth 65535
preprocessor http_inspect_server: server default \
http_methods { GET POST PUT SEARCH MKCOL COPY MOVE LOCK UNLOCK NOTIFY POLL BCOPY BDELETE BMOVE LINK UNLINK OPTIONS HEAD DELETE TRACE TRACK CONNECT SOURCE SUBSCRIBE UNSUBSCRIBE PROPFIND PROPPATCH BPROPFIND BPROPPATCH RPC_CONNECT PROXY_SUCCESS BITS_POST CCM_POST SMS_POST RPC_IN_DATA RPC_OUT_DATA RPC_ECHO_DATA } \
chunk_length 500000 \
server_flow_depth 0 \
client_flow_depth 0 \
post_depth 65495 \
oversize_dir_length 500 \
max_header_length 750 \
max_headers 100 \
max_spaces 200 \
small_chunk_length { 10 5 } \
ports { 36 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 311 383 555 591 593 631 801 808 818 901 972 1158 1220 1414 1533 1741 1830 1942 2231 2301 2381 2809 2980 3029 3037 3057 3128 3443 3702 4000 4343 4848 5000 5117 5250 5600 6080 6173 6988 7000 7001 7071 7144 7145 7510 7770 7777 7778 7779 8000 8008 8014 8028 8080 8081 8082 8085 8088 8090 8118 8123 8180 8181 8222 8243 8280 8300 8333 8344 8500 8509 8800 8888 8899 8983 9000 9060 9080 9090 9091 9111 9290 9443 9999 10000 11371 12601 13014 15489 29991 33300 34412 34443 34444 41080 44449 50000 50002 51423 53331 55252 55555 56712 } \
non_rfc_char { 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 } \
enable_cookie \
extended_response_inspection \
inspect_gzip \
normalize_utf \
unlimited_decompress \
normalize_javascript \
apache_whitespace no \
ascii no \
bare_byte no \
directory no \
double_decode no \
iis_backslash no \
iis_delimiter no \
iis_unicode no \
multi_slash no \
utf_8 no \
u_encode yes \
webroot no
# ONC-RPC normalization and anomaly detection. For more information, see the Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Preprocessors - RPC Decode
preprocessor rpc_decode: 111 32770 32771 32772 32773 32774 32775 32776 32777 32778 32779 no_alert_multiple_requests no_alert_large_fragments no_alert_incomplete
# Back Orifice detection.
preprocessor bo
# FTP / Telnet normalization and anomaly detection. For more information, see README.ftptelnet
preprocessor ftp_telnet: global inspection_type stateful encrypted_traffic no check_encrypted
preprocessor ftp_telnet_protocol: telnet \
ayt_attack_thresh 20 \
normalize ports { 23 } \
detect_anomalies
preprocessor ftp_telnet_protocol: ftp server default \
def_max_param_len 100 \
ports { 21 2100 3535 } \
telnet_cmds yes \
ignore_telnet_erase_cmds yes \
ftp_cmds { ABOR ACCT ADAT ALLO APPE AUTH CCC CDUP } \
ftp_cmds { CEL CLNT CMD CONF CWD DELE ENC EPRT } \
ftp_cmds { EPSV ESTA ESTP FEAT HELP LANG LIST LPRT } \
ftp_cmds { LPSV MACB MAIL MDTM MIC MKD MLSD MLST } \
ftp_cmds { MODE NLST NOOP OPTS PASS PASV PBSZ PORT } \
ftp_cmds { PROT PWD QUIT REIN REST RETR RMD RNFR } \
ftp_cmds { RNTO SDUP SITE SIZE SMNT STAT STOR STOU } \
ftp_cmds { STRU SYST TEST TYPE USER XCUP XCRC XCWD } \
ftp_cmds { XMAS XMD5 XMKD XPWD XRCP XRMD XRSQ XSEM } \
ftp_cmds { XSEN XSHA1 XSHA256 } \
alt_max_param_len 0 { ABOR CCC CDUP ESTA FEAT LPSV NOOP PASV PWD QUIT REIN STOU SYST XCUP XPWD } \
alt_max_param_len 200 { ALLO APPE CMD HELP NLST RETR RNFR STOR STOU XMKD } \
alt_max_param_len 256 { CWD RNTO } \
alt_max_param_len 400 { PORT } \
alt_max_param_len 512 { SIZE } \
chk_str_fmt { ACCT ADAT ALLO APPE AUTH CEL CLNT CMD } \
chk_str_fmt { CONF CWD DELE ENC EPRT EPSV ESTP HELP } \
chk_str_fmt { LANG LIST LPRT MACB MAIL MDTM MIC MKD } \
chk_str_fmt { MLSD MLST MODE NLST OPTS PASS PBSZ PORT } \
chk_str_fmt { PROT REST RETR RMD RNFR RNTO SDUP SITE } \
chk_str_fmt { SIZE SMNT STAT STOR STRU TEST TYPE USER } \
chk_str_fmt { XCRC XCWD XMAS XMD5 XMKD XRCP XRMD XRSQ } \
chk_str_fmt { XSEM XSEN XSHA1 XSHA256 } \
cmd_validity ALLO < int [ char R int ] > \
cmd_validity EPSV < [ { char 12 | char A char L char L } ] > \
cmd_validity MACB < string > \
cmd_validity MDTM < [ date nnnnnnnnnnnnnn[.n[n[n]]] ] string > \
cmd_validity MODE < char ASBCZ > \
cmd_validity PORT < host_port > \
cmd_validity PROT < char CSEP > \
cmd_validity STRU < char FRPO [ string ] > \
cmd_validity TYPE < { char AE [ char NTC ] | char I | char L [ number ] } >
preprocessor ftp_telnet_protocol: ftp client default \
max_resp_len 256 \
bounce yes \
ignore_telnet_erase_cmds yes \
telnet_cmds yes
# SMTP normalization and anomaly detection. For more information, see README.SMTP
preprocessor smtp: ports { 25 465 587 691 } \
inspection_type stateful \
b64_decode_depth 0 \
qp_decode_depth 0 \
bitenc_decode_depth 0 \
uu_decode_depth 0 \
log_mailfrom \
log_rcptto \
log_filename \
log_email_hdrs \
normalize cmds \
normalize_cmds { ATRN AUTH BDAT CHUNKING DATA DEBUG EHLO EMAL ESAM ESND ESOM ETRN EVFY } \
normalize_cmds { EXPN HELO HELP IDENT MAIL NOOP ONEX QUEU QUIT RCPT RSET SAML SEND SOML } \
normalize_cmds { STARTTLS TICK TIME TURN TURNME VERB VRFY X-ADAT X-DRCP X-ERCP X-EXCH50 } \
normalize_cmds { X-EXPS X-LINK2STATE XADR XAUTH XCIR XEXCH50 XGEN XLICENSE XQUE XSTA XTRN XUSR } \
max_command_line_len 512 \
max_header_line_len 1000 \
max_response_line_len 512 \
alt_max_command_line_len 260 { MAIL } \
alt_max_command_line_len 300 { RCPT } \
alt_max_command_line_len 500 { HELP HELO ETRN EHLO } \
alt_max_command_line_len 255 { EXPN VRFY ATRN SIZE BDAT DEBUG EMAL ESAM ESND ESOM EVFY IDENT NOOP RSET } \
alt_max_command_line_len 246 { SEND SAML SOML AUTH TURN ETRN DATA RSET QUIT ONEX QUEU STARTTLS TICK TIME TURNME VERB X-EXPS X-LINK2STATE XADR XAUTH XCIR XEXCH50 XGEN XLICENSE XQUE XSTA XTRN XUSR } \
valid_cmds { ATRN AUTH BDAT CHUNKING DATA DEBUG EHLO EMAL ESAM ESND ESOM ETRN EVFY } \
valid_cmds { EXPN HELO HELP IDENT MAIL NOOP ONEX QUEU QUIT RCPT RSET SAML SEND SOML } \
valid_cmds { STARTTLS TICK TIME TURN TURNME VERB VRFY X-ADAT X-DRCP X-ERCP X-EXCH50 } \
valid_cmds { X-EXPS X-LINK2STATE XADR XAUTH XCIR XEXCH50 XGEN XLICENSE XQUE XSTA XTRN XUSR } \
xlink2state { enabled }
# Portscan detection. For more information, see README.sfportscan
# preprocessor sfportscan: proto { all } memcap { 10000000 } sense_level { low }
# ARP spoof detection. For more information, see the Snort Manual - Configuring Snort - Preprocessors - ARP Spoof Preprocessor
# preprocessor arpspoof
# preprocessor arpspoof_detect_host: 192.168.40.1 f0:0f:00:f0:0f:00
# SSH anomaly detection. For more information, see README.ssh
preprocessor ssh: server_ports { 22 } \
autodetect \
max_client_bytes 19600 \
max_encrypted_packets 20 \
max_server_version_len 100 \
enable_respoverflow enable_ssh1crc32 \
enable_srvoverflow enable_protomismatch
# SMB / DCE-RPC normalization and anomaly detection. For more information, see README.dcerpc2
preprocessor dcerpc2: memcap 102400, events [co ]
preprocessor dcerpc2_server: default, policy WinXP, \
detect [smb [139,445], tcp 135, udp 135, rpc-over-http-server 593], \
autodetect [tcp 1025:, udp 1025:, rpc-over-http-server 1025:], \
smb_max_chain 3, smb_invalid_shares ["C$", "D$", "ADMIN$"]
# DNS anomaly detection. For more information, see README.dns
preprocessor dns: ports { 53 } enable_rdata_overflow
# SSL anomaly detection and traffic bypass. For more information, see README.ssl
preprocessor ssl: ports { 443 465 563 636 989 992 993 994 995 7801 7802 7900 7901 7902 7903 7904 7905 7906 7907 7908 7909 7910 7911 7912 7913 7914 7915 7916 7917 7918 7919 7920 }, trustservers, noinspect_encrypted
# SDF sensitive data preprocessor. For more information see README.sensitive_data
preprocessor sensitive_data: alert_threshold 25
# SIP Session Initiation Protocol preprocessor. For more information see README.sip
preprocessor sip: max_sessions 40000, \
ports { 5060 5061 5600 }, \
methods { invite \
cancel \
ack \
bye \
register \
options \
refer \
subscribe \
update \
join \
info \
message \
notify \
benotify \
do \
qauth \
sprack \
publish \
service \
unsubscribe \
prack }, \
max_uri_len 512, \
max_call_id_len 80, \
max_requestName_len 20, \
max_from_len 256, \
max_to_len 256, \
max_via_len 1024, \
max_contact_len 512, \
max_content_len 2048
# IMAP preprocessor. For more information see README.imap
preprocessor imap: \
ports { 143 } \
b64_decode_depth 0 \
qp_decode_depth 0 \
bitenc_decode_depth 0 \
uu_decode_depth 0
# POP preprocessor. For more information see README.pop
preprocessor pop: \
ports { 110 } \
b64_decode_depth 0 \
qp_decode_depth 0 \
bitenc_decode_depth 0 \
uu_decode_depth 0
# Modbus preprocessor. For more information see README.modbus
preprocessor modbus: ports { 502 }
# DNP3 preprocessor. For more information see README.dnp3
preprocessor dnp3: ports { 20000 } \
memcap 262144 \
check_crc
# Reputation preprocessor. For more information see README.reputation
preprocessor reputation: \
memcap 500, \
priority whitelist, \
nested_ip inner, \
whitelist $WHITE_LIST_PATH/white_list.rules, \
blacklist $BLACK_LIST_PATH/black_list.rules
###################################################
# Step #6: Configure output plugins
# For more information, see Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Output Modules
###################################################
# unified2
# Recommended for most installs
# output unified2: filename merged.log, limit 128, nostamp, mpls_event_types, vlan_event_types
output unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128
# Additional configuration for specific types of installs
# output alert_unified2: filename snort.alert, limit 128, nostamp
# output log_unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128, nostamp
# output unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128
# syslog
# output alert_syslog: LOG_AUTH LOG_ALERT
# pcap
# output log_tcpdump: tcpdump.log
# metadata reference data. do not modify these lines
include classification.config
include reference.config
###################################################
# Step #7: Customize your rule set
# For more information, see Snort Manual, Writing Snort Rules
#
# NOTE: All categories are enabled in this conf file
###################################################
# site specific rules
# include $RULE_PATH/local.rules
include $RULE_PATH/app-detect.rules
include $RULE_PATH/attack-responses.rules
include $RULE_PATH/backdoor.rules
include $RULE_PATH/bad-traffic.rules
include $RULE_PATH/blacklist.rules
include $RULE_PATH/botnet-cnc.rules
include $RULE_PATH/browser-chrome.rules
include $RULE_PATH/browser-firefox.rules
include $RULE_PATH/browser-ie.rules
include $RULE_PATH/browser-other.rules
include $RULE_PATH/protocol-telnet.rules
include $RULE_PATH/protocol-tftp.rules
include $RULE_PATH/protocol-voip.rules
include $RULE_PATH/pua-adware.rules
include $RULE_PATH/pua-other.rules
include $RULE_PATH/pua-p2p.rules
include $RULE_PATH/pua-toolbars.rules
include $RULE_PATH/web-coldfusion.rules
include $RULE_PATH/web-frontpage.rules
include $RULE_PATH/web-iis.rules
include $RULE_PATH/web-misc.rules
include $RULE_PATH/web-php.rules
include $RULE_PATH/x11.rules
# test rule for ping
include $RULE_PATH/testping.rules
###################################################
# Step #8: Customize your preprocessor and decoder alerts
# For more information, see README.decoder_preproc_rules
###################################################
# decoder and preprocessor event rules
# include $PREPROC_RULE_PATH/preprocessor.rules
# include $PREPROC_RULE_PATH/decoder.rules
# include $PREPROC_RULE_PATH/sensitive-data.rules
###################################################
# Step #9: Customize your Shared Object Snort Rules
# For more information, see http://vrt-blog.snort.org/2009/01/using-vrt-certified-shared-object-rules.html
###################################################
# dynamic library rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/bad-traffic.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/browser-ie.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/chat.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/dos.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/exploit.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/file-flash.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/icmp.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/imap.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/misc.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/multimedia.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/netbios.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/nntp.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/p2p.rules
# include $SO_RULE_PATH/smtp.rules
# Event thresholding or suppression commands. See threshold.conf
include threshold.conf

Apparently, I have not heard about u2spewfoo, which is a dumping tool used for dumping the content of unified2 log files to stdout.
I ran command u2spewfoo snort.log and was able to read the log.
I hope this helps!

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