Main Form:
unit Unit3;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls;
type
TForm3 = class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
class var counter : Integer;
end;
var
Form3: TForm3;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses Unit4, Unit5;
procedure TForm3.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
th1 : thCounter;
th2 : thPrinter;
begin
th1:= thCounter.Create;
th2:= thPrinter.Create;
end;
end.
Thread Counter :
unit Unit4;
interface
uses
System.Classes, Unit3;
type
thCounter = class(TThread)
private
{ Private declarations }
protected
procedure Execute; override;
end;
implementation
{ thCounter }
procedure thCounter.Execute;
var
i: Integer;
printVal : Integer;
begin
{ Place thread code here }
printVal:= 50;
for i := 0 to 1000000000 do
begin
Form3.counter:= i;
if Form3.counter = printVal then
begin
// RUN print thread ????
printVal:= printVal + 50;
end;
end;
end;
end.
Thread Print :
unit Unit5;
interface
uses
System.Classes, Unit3;
type
thPrinter = class(TThread)
private
{ Private declarations }
procedure printIt;
protected
procedure Execute; override;
end;
implementation
uses
System.SysUtils;
{ thPrinter }
procedure thPrinter.Execute;
begin
{ Place thread code here }
Synchronize(printIt);
end;
procedure thPrinter.printIt;
begin
Form3.Memo1.Lines.Add(IntToStr(Form3.counter));
end;
end.
I am workin on simple project. But i stuck.
I have 2 thread which are thCounter and thPrint.
My thCounter, increase the Counter to 1 billion. And i want to call another thread ( thPrint ) when the counter 50 and multiples like 100, 150, 200 to print the screen in TMemo....
How can i send a message to thPrint from thCounter?
To signal the other thread, use a synchronization primitive, like a TSimpleEvent.
Let it be owned by the thCounter thread, and pass a reference to it when thPrinter is created.
In the thPrinter.Execute:
while not Terminated do
begin
if waitEvent.WaitFor(100) = wrSignaled then // Keep it listening to the Terminated flag
begin
Synchronize(PrintIt);
end;
end;
And in the thCounter:
waitEvent.SetEvent; // Triggers the printIt
Just create the waitEvent so that it automatically is reset after the event has been triggered.
waitEvent := TSimpleEvent.Create(nil, false,false,'');
Related
Is it safe to read a thread object's fields from an event handler called by the Synchronize procedure?
For example:
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, Vcl.ComCtrls;
type
TMyThread = class(TThread)
public
Max : Integer;
Position : Integer;
OnPositionChanged : TNotifyEvent;
procedure Execute(); override;
end;
TForm1 = class(TForm)
ProgressBar1: TProgressBar;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
private
procedure MyOnPositionChanged(Sender : TObject);
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
var
Th : TMyThread;
procedure TMyThread.Execute();
begin
while not Terminated do
begin
//doing stuffs
Sleep(500);
//position + 1
Inc(Position);
//event handler
if(Assigned(OnPositionChanged)) then
begin
Synchronize(
procedure()
begin
OnPositionChanged(Self);
end
);
end;
//check for reaching the max value
if(Position = Max)
then Terminate;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
//preparing thread
Th := TMyThread.Create(True);
Th.FreeOnTerminate := True;
Th.Max := ProgressBar1.Max;
Th.Position := ProgressBar1.Position;
Th.OnPositionChanged := MyOnPositionChanged;
//starting thread
Th.Start;
end;
procedure TForm1.MyOnPositionChanged(Sender : TObject);
begin
//updating progressbar
ProgressBar1.Position := (Sender as TMyThread).Position;
end;
end.
I'm wondering if there could be some thread-safety problem in reading the thread's fields from the main thread while the other thread is running
Yes, this is generally safe. The thread's Execute() method is blocked while Synchronize() is running, so the thread won't be updating the fields while the main thread is using them.
Where this can break down is if you happen to have another thread updating the same fields without Synchronize()'ing access to them.
I have a number crunching application with a TExecution class that is included in a separate unit Execution.pas and carries out all the calculations. The class instances are created from the main form of the program. Very often the code in Execution.pas needs to run 10-15 times in a row and I want to create several TExecution instances in different threads and run them in parallel. A simplified version of the code is as follows:
Main Form with one Button1 in it:
unit MainForm;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, System.Threading, Execution;
type
TMainForm1 = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
MainForm1: TMainForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TMainForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ExecutionThread: array of TThread;
NoThreads: integer;
Execution: array of TExecution;
thread_ID: integer;
begin
NoThreads := 5;
SetLength(Execution,NoThreads);
SetLength(ExecutionThread,NoThreads);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for thread_ID := 0 to Pred(NoThreads) do
begin
ExecutionThread[thread_ID] := TThread.CreateAnonymousThread(
procedure
begin
try
Execution[thread_ID] := TExecution.Create;
Execution[thread_ID].CalculateSum;
finally
if Assigned(Execution[thread_ID]) then
begin
Execution[thread_ID] := nil;
Execution[thread_ID].Free;
end;
end;
end);
ExecutionThread[thread_ID].FreeOnTerminate := true;
ExecutionThread[thread_ID].Start;
end;
end;
end.
Execution.pas unit:
unit Execution;
interface
uses
System.SysUtils, Vcl.Dialogs, System.Classes, WinApi.Windows;
type
TExecution = Class
const
NoOfTimes = 1000000;
var
Sum: integer;
private
procedure IncrementSum(var Sum: integer);
published
procedure CalculateSum;
End;
implementation
procedure TExecution.CalculateSum;
var
i: integer;
begin
Sum := 0;
for i := 0 to Pred(NoofTimes) do
begin
IncrementSum(Sum);
end;
end;
procedure TExecution.IncrementSum(var Sum: integer);
begin
Inc(Sum);
end;
end.
Whenever I run the code above by clicking Button1 the TExecution instances run, but when I close the program, I get an Access Violation in GetMem.inc in function SysFreeMem. Obviously, the code messes up the memory, I guess it is because of the parallel memory allocation, but I was unable to find the cause and fix a solution to it.
I note that with one thread (NoThreads := 1), or with a serial execution of the code (either with a single new thread and 5 TExecution instances, or when the instances of TExecution are created directly from MainForm), I do not get similar memory problems. What is the problem with my code?
Many thanks in advance!
The problem comes from ExecutionThread and Execution which are local variables. When all threads are started, the procedure Button1Click exits, the two variables are freed, long before threads are terminated.
Move the two variables ExecutionThread and Execution to the TMainForm1 field and your problem will be gone. Of course: if you close the program before the threads are terminated, you'll be again in trouble.
Also, invert the two lines:
Execution[thread_ID] := nil;
Execution[thread_ID].Free;
You must free before niling.
BTW: You should get a compiler warning about published in TExecution.
EDIT:
Following the comment on this answer, here is the code for the same process but using an explicit worker thread and a generic TList to maintain the list of running thread.
Source for the main form:
unit ThreadExecutionDemoMain;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages,
System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes,
System.Generics.Collections,
Vcl.Graphics, Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls,
ThreadExecutionDemoExecution,
ThreadExecutionDemoWorkerThread;
type
TMainForm = class(TForm)
StartButton: TButton;
DisplayMemo: TMemo;
procedure StartButtonClick(Sender: TObject);
private
ThreadList : TList<TWorkerThread>;
procedure WrokerThreadTerminate(Sender : TObject);
public
constructor Create(AOwner : TComponent); override;
destructor Destroy; override;
end;
var
MainForm: TMainForm;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
constructor TMainForm.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
begin
ThreadList := TList<TWorkerThread>.Create;
inherited Create(AOwner);
end;
destructor TMainForm.Destroy;
begin
FreeAndNil(ThreadList);
inherited Destroy;;
end;
procedure TMainForm.StartButtonClick(Sender: TObject);
var
NoThreads : Integer;
ID : Integer;
WorkerThread : TWorkerThread;
begin
NoThreads := 5;
for ID := 0 to Pred(NoThreads) do begin
WorkerThread := TWorkerThread.Create(TRUE);
WorkerThread.ID := ID;
WorkerThread.OnTerminate := WrokerThreadTerminate;
WorkerThread.FreeOnTerminate := TRUE;
ThreadList.Add(WorkerThread);
DisplayMemo.Lines.Add(Format('Starting thread %d', [WorkerThread.ID]));
WorkerThread.Start;
end;
DisplayMemo.Lines.Add(Format('There are %d running threads', [ThreadList.Count]));
end;
procedure TMainForm.WrokerThreadTerminate(Sender: TObject);
var
WorkerThread : TWorkerThread;
begin
WorkerThread := TWorkerThread(Sender);
ThreadList.Remove(WorkerThread);
// This event handler is executed in the context of the main thread
// we can access the user interface directly
DisplayMemo.Lines.Add(Format('Thread %d done. Sum=%d',
[WorkerThread.ID, WorkerThread.Sum]));
if ThreadList.Count = 0 then
DisplayMemo.Lines.Add('No more running threads');
end;
end.
Source for the execution unit:
unit ThreadExecutionDemoExecution;
interface
type
TExecution = class
const
NoOfTimes = 1000000;
private
FSum: Integer;
procedure IncrementSum(var ASum: Integer);
public
procedure CalculateSum;
property Sum: Integer read FSum
write FSum;
end;
implementation
{ TExecution }
procedure TExecution.CalculateSum;
var
I: Integer;
begin
FSum := 0;
for I := 0 to Pred(NoOfTimes) do
IncrementSum(FSum);
end;
procedure TExecution.IncrementSum(var ASum: Integer);
begin
Inc(ASum);
end;
end.
Source for the worker thread:
unit ThreadExecutionDemoWorkerThread;
interface
uses
System.SysUtils, System.Classes,
ThreadExecutionDemoExecution;
type
TWorkerThread = class(TThread)
private
FExecution : TExecution;
FID : Integer;
FSum : Integer;
protected
procedure Execute; override;
public
property ID : Integer read FID
write FID;
property Sum : Integer read FSum
write FSum;
end;
implementation
{ TWorkerThread }
procedure TWorkerThread.Execute;
begin
FExecution := TExecution.Create;
try
FExecution.CalculateSum;
FSum := FExecution.Sum;
finally
FreeAndNil(FExecution);
end;
end;
end.
I have an application that the user can run either interactively or from command line. In the second mode, the program must exit upon completion.
Here is the basic minimal code. It seems that application.terminated is never set;
How do I get this program to close, w/o0 user interaction.
unit Unit4;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls ;
type
TForm4 = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
procedure DoSomeStuff;
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form4: TForm4;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm4.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
anonThread : TThread;
begin
anonThread := TThread.CreateAnonymousThread(procedure
begin
while not application.terminated do
begin
doSomeStuff;
end;
end);
anonThread.Start;
end;
procedure TForm4.DoSomeStuff;
var
i : integer;
begin
for i := 0 to 10 do
begin
beep;
sleep(100);
end;
application.Terminate;
end;
end.
The Application.Terminated property doesn't work without the message loop in Application.Run() (or at least a manual loop that calls Application.ProcessMessages()) in the main UI thread. This is because Application.Terminate() simply posts a WM_QUIT message to the calling thread's message queue. Application.Terminated is not set until that message is processed. A console app typically does not call Application.Run(), so Application.Terminated does not work on a console app.
You should redesign your code to remove the dependency on Application and your TForm in console mode, eg:
program MyApp;
uses
MyWorkUnit, Unit4;
begin
if IsRunInCommandLineMode then
begin
DoSomeStuff;
end else
begin
Application.Initialize;
Application.CreateForm(TForm4, Form4)
Application.Run;
end;
end.
unit MyWorkUnit;
interface
procedure DoSomeStuff;
implementation
procedure DoSomeStuff;
var
i : Integer;
begin
for i := 0 to 10 do
begin
Beep;
Sleep(100);
end;
end;
end.
unit Unit4;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls;
type
TForm4 = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form4: TForm4;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses
MyWorkUnit;
procedure TForm4.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
TThread.CreateAnonymousThread(
procedure
begin
while not Application.Terminated do
DoSomeStuff;
end
).Start;
end;
end.
At first HI ALL and sry for my English.
can somebody share work source with create + destroy threads with simple GET in execute ?
i try do it by myself but always get memory leaks((
i test it with code at end of source
initialization
ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown := True;
btw ill Google it 2 week and test many samples... and always have leaks by default =(
delphi XE7 32bit at windows 7 x64
when i press stop button i still see some connections
after closing i get this message
cant post image, need 10 reputation...
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, sButton, sMemo, sEdit,
sSpinEdit, IdBaseComponent, IdComponent, IdTCPConnection, IdTCPClient, IdHTTP,System.SyncObjs;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
StartBtn: TsButton;
StopBtn: TsButton;
ThreadCount: TsSpinEdit;
sdt1: TsEdit;
sm1: TsMemo;
procedure StartBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
procedure StopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
type
Thread = class(TThread)
private
HTTP : TIdHTTP;
result:integer;
InputIndex:integer;
public
procedure Local;
constructor Create(CreateSuspended:boolean);
destructor Destroy; override;
protected
procedure Execute; override;
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
LocalWork: Boolean;
target: string;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
constructor Thread.Create(CreateSuspended: boolean);
begin
Inherited Create(true);
FreeOnTerminate:=true;
HTTP:=TIdHTTP.Create(nil);
HTTP.ReadTimeout := 2000;
Resume;
end;
destructor Thread.Destroy;
begin
try
If HTTP.Connected then
begin
HTTP.Disconnect(false);
HTTP.IOHandler.InputBuffer.Clear();
HTTP.IOHandler.Close;
Terminate;
end;
finally
WaitFor;
FreeAndNil(HTTP);
end;
inherited;
end;
procedure Thread.Execute;
begin
while (LocalWork=True) do
begin
if LocalWork=true then
begin
HTTP.Get(target);
if HTTP.ResponseCode=200 then
begin
result:=1;
end
else
begin
result:=2;
end;
Synchronize(Local);
end
else
begin
EndThread(0);
end;
end;
EndThread(0);
end;
procedure Thread.Local;
begin
if result=1 then Form1.sm1.Lines.Add('Good ');
if result=2 then Form1.sm1.Lines.Add('Bad ');
end;
procedure TForm1.StartBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
var
i:integer;
begin
target := sdt1.Text;
LocalWork := True;
for I := 0 to ThreadCount.Value-1 do
begin
sm1.Lines.Add('Thread createrd '+inttostr(i));
Thread.Create(true); // создаем замароженный поток
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.StopBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
LocalWork:=false;
end;
initialization
ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown := True;
end.
Inside the thread constructor, call inherited Create(false);. And skip the Resume call at the end. The thread will not start until the constructor has finished anyway.
In the thread Execute method, skip the EndThread calls, since the thread will handle this when the Execute method ends.
In the Destroy destructor, do not call Terminate and Waitfor. They do not belong there at all. The thread is told to FreeOnTerminate, and will do so gracefully.
I want to terminate thread by clicking the button. If the thread normally works without user interruption it is OK but sometimes user needs to abort thread and that's the question that how user abort the thread.
Here is my code that I tested:
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls, mmsystem, ExtCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Image1: TImage;
procedure Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
end;
type
hangth = class(TThread)
private
{ Private declarations }
protected
procedure Execute; override;
procedure play;
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
played: boolean;
szalhang: hangth;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure hangth.play;
begin
played := true;
szalhang.Terminate;
end;
procedure hangth.Execute;
begin
played := false;
SndPlaySound(pchar('hang.wav'), SND_SYNC);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
played := true;
end;
procedure TForm1.Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if played = true then begin
szalhang := hangth.Create(true);
szalhang.Resume;
end else begin
szalhang.Terminate();
// here i want to terminate thread, but it doesn't want to be killed.
end;
end;
end.
When you call TThread.Terminate(), it sets the TThread.Terminated property to true and does nothing else. It is the responsibility of your TThread.Execute() code to look at the TThread.Terminated property periodically and exit gracefully when it is True. However, in this situation, that is not possible because SndPlaySound() is blocking the thread, and there is no way to interrupt SndPlaySound() when it is running in SND_SYNC mode. Your only option would be to use the Win32 API TerminateThread() function to perform a brute-force termination of the thread.
Since you obviously need more control over the playback of the audio, and detection of when the audio is finished playing, then SndPlaySound() is not the best solution for your needs. You have a TForm, you might consider using Delphi's TMediaPlayer component, for example:
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, Vcl.ExtCtrls, Vcl.MPlayer;
type
MPlayerState = (mpsClosed, mpsOpened, mpsPlaying);
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Image1: TImage;
MediaPlayer1: TMediaPlayer;
procedure MediaPlayer1Notify(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
State: MPlayerState;
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm56.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
State := mpsClosed;
MediaPlayer1.FileName := 'C:\full path to\hang.wav';
end;
procedure TForm56.MediaPlayer1Notify(Sender: TObject);
begin
case MediaPlayer1.Mode of
mpStopped, mpPlaying:
State := mpsOpened;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if State = mpsClosed then
begin
MediaPlayer1.Notify := False;
MediaPlayer1.Wait := True;
MediaPlayer1.Open;
State := mpsOpened;
end;
if State = mpsOpened then
begin
MediaPlayer1.Notify := True;
MediaPlayer1.Wait := False;
MediaPlayer1.Play;
if MediaPlayer1.Error = 0 then
State := mpsPlaying
end else
begin
MediaPlayer1.Notify := False;
MediaPlayer1.Wait := True;
MediaPlayer1.Stop;
State := mpsOpened;
MediaPlayer1.Notify := False;
MediaPlayer1.Wait := True;
MediaPlayer1.Close;
State := mpsClosed;
end;
end;
end.