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I have a genuine windows 8 installed in Dell inspiron 15, I have a requirement where I have to install a linux operating system.
Since I have the genuine copy of windows I would like to know if there is any procedure where I can uninstall, install linux and reinstall windows with the same genuineness.
I can see the product key, in the properties of "Computer" if that can be used.
I had also checked for the refresh, reset and restore of windows but these procedures did not talk of non windows OS.
thanks in advance.
I would need some more details to more accurately answer your questions but for now I will try to answer your questions, mostly with questions. :-)
First off, the product key you see in the properties of "Computer" is not the product key used to register the product. The real product key is normally in the format of XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX. However the key is encoded in your registry and either with a quick script or some software from somewhere like Nirsoft you can get it. Here is an example:
Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
MsgBox ConvertToKey(WshShell.RegRead("HKLM\SOFTWARE
\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\DigitalProductId"))
Function ConvertToKey(Key)
Const KeyOffset = 52
i = 28
Chars = "BCDFGHJKMPQRTVWXY2346789"
Do
Cur = 0
x = 14
Do
Cur = Cur * 256
Cur = Key(x + KeyOffset) + Cur
Key(x + KeyOffset) = (Cur \ 24) And 255
Cur = Cur Mod 24
x = x -1
Loop While x >= 0
i = i -1
KeyOutput = Mid(Chars, Cur + 1, 1) & KeyOutput
If (((29 - i) Mod 6) = 0) And (i <> -1) Then
i = i -1
KeyOutput = "-" & KeyOutput
End If
Loop While i >= 0
ConvertToKey = KeyOutput
End Function
Save that in Notepad and save as a file like showmemykey.vbs and run it. Now for a caveat or two...
1) Normally there is a special version of Windows for manufacturers like Dell, HP, etc... it is different from the retail version of Windows. I tell you this because if you use an install other than what came with your computer, it won't likely work with the key you get from the script above. Good news, normally those installs also do not ask for a key when they recognize they are being installed on a Dell, HP, etc...
2) Backup your data... you didn't mention dual-booting so I assume you are wiping out Windows. You won't be installing back to the same configuration.
As for Linux... I don't know your scenario or reasons for why you HAVE to install Linux. But if you like Windows the best bet is to NOT install Linux or Dual-boot. Dual-booting is a whole other discussion.
So how do you install Linux by NOT installing it you ask? You use a bootable version on CD/DVD or Thumb Drive. There are ton of them out there... Ubuntu being the most common, Kali being the one of the most fun... I run several Linux distributions on an external Solid State HardDrive and also on a 64GB USB3 Thumb Drive. It doesn't have to be that fancy, they have distributions so small they easily run on 4GB SDCards.
As for restoring Windows after you overwrite it with Linux, the only real way you would get everything back EXACTLY how you had it before Linux would be to have an image of the drive before you install Linux, and when you are ready to go back, you restore that image. Lots of software out there for that. I use real forensic software such as AccessData FTK or Guidance Software EnCase which have free imagers... but there are others like TrueImage I think and a few others. Even Norton/Symantec Ghost still exists.
You could do the same with Linux. Image before Linux. Image when Linux is installed and you can switch back and forth. My only suggestion is to do that on a smaller drive. An image of a 250GB harddrive will be fairly large so you will need to have storage for it.
Again, my suggestion, especially if you are new to Linux... BOOTABLE! Difference between CD/DVD Bootable and USB Thumbdrive or HardDrive is that the CD/DVD is readonly. So when you reboot, all changes are lost.
Hope that helps.
Related
so this is not really a question but rather a bug report for the pandarallel package:
this is the end of my code:
...
print('Calculate costs NEG...')
for i, group in tqdm(df_mol_neg.groupby('DELIVERY_DATE')):
srl_slice = df_srl.loc[df_srl['DATE'] == i]
srl_slice['srl_soll'] = srl_slice['srl_soll'].copy() * -1
df_aep_neg.loc[df_aep_neg['DATE'] == i, 'SRL_cost'] = srl_slice['srl_soll'].parallel_apply(lambda x: get_cost_of_nearest_mol(group, x)).sum()
what happens here is that instead of doing the parallel_apply function, it loops back to the start of my code and repeats it all again. the exact same code works fine on my remote linux mashine so I have 2 possible error sources:
since pandarallel itself already has some difficulties with the windows os it might just be a windows problem
the other thing is that I currently use the early access version of pycharm (223.7401.13) and use the debugger which might also be a problem source
other than this bug I can highly recommend the pandarallel package (at least for linux users). it's super easy to use and if you got some cores it can really shave off some time, in my case it shaved off a cool 90% of time.
(also if there is a better way to report bugs, please let me know)
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I need this for some stress testing with my CPU. It uses Linux-Debian/Ubuntu OS and I was wondering if there's any way that I could put it under load until it reaches a certain temperature.
Are there any commands, packages or bash scripts for this?
Any help is appreciated!
Download Prime95 from here or use any other CPU-Stress test that works under Debian/Ubuntu.
Get the following package:
sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
Start the sensors in terminal and update continously:
watch sensors
Now start Prime95 or your preferred stress-test and you can see cpu-temp inside terminal. Stop Stress test if cpu-temp exceeds your desired temperature. (modern cpu's are lowering clockspeed or shutting down automatically before damage from overheating is taken)
OR (automatically stopping at a user-specified temp)
Get the following packages:
sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
sudo apt-get install stress
store the following code as bashfile i.e. stresstest.sh and run it with sh /path/to/stresstest.sh
#!/bin/bash
sensors=/usr/bin/sensors
read_temp() {
# get max Packagetemp from lm-sensors
${sensors} | grep 'Package' | awk '{print int($4)}'
}
echo 'Maximum CPU-Temperature:'
# insert tjMax manually
read tjMax
echo 'Workers for testing:'
# more workers cause higher load on the cpu
read workers
echo 'starting stress-test.'
pckgMax=$( read_temp )
while [ $tjMax -gt $pckgMax ]
do
# update Packagetemp
pckgMax=$( read_temp )
# do 10sec stress-test
# if you discover high temperature overhead, try lowering the --timeout
stress --cpu ${workers} --timeout 10
done
echo 'reached tjMax.'
echo 'stopping stress-test.'
# kill this script and all running sub-processes
kill -- -0
I don't know of an existing software package (other than prime95 for max heating), but it's relatively easy to create loops with differing amounts of heat, like awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<100000000;i++){}}' keeps a CPU busy for a while making some heat.
See How to write x86 assembly code to check the effect of temperature on the performance of the processor for some suggestions on creating loops that heat the CPU more vs. less.
To hit a target temperature, you'll need to write some code to implement control loop that reads the temperature (and the direction it's trending) and adjusts the load by starting/stopping threads, or changing up how power-intensive each thread is. Without this feedback, you won't consistently hit a given CPU temperature; the actual temperature for an fixed workload will depend on ambient temp, how dusty your heat-sink is, and how the BIOS manages your fan speeds, etc.
Perhaps your CPU-heating threads could branch on a global atomic variable in an outer loop, so you can change what work they do by changing a variable. e.g. 2 FMAs per clock, 1 FMA per clock, FMAs bottlenecked by latency (so 1 per 4 clocks), or just integer work, or a loop just running pause instructions, so it does the minimum. Or 256-bit vs. 128-bit vs. scalar.
Perhaps also changing your EPP setting (on Intel Skylake or newer) with sudo sh -c 'for i in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy[0-9]*/energy_performance_preference;do echo performance > "$i";done' or balance_performance or balance_power (emphasize power-saving); these may affect what turbo clock speeds your CPU chooses to run at.
Read the temperature with lm-sensors, or by reading from the "coretemp" kernel driver directly on modern x86 hardware, e.g. /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp1_input reads as 36000 for 36 degrees C.
$ grep . /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/*
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/name:coretemp
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp1_input:36000
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp1_label:Package id 0
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp2_input:35000
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp2_label:Core 0
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp5_input:33000
/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon3/temp5_label:Core 3
I'm not sure if the temperature is available directly to user-space without the kernel's help, e.g. via CPUID, on Intel or AMD.
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**EventID 41
Version 8
Level 1
Task 63
Opcode 0
Keywords 0x8000400000000002
- TimeCreated
[ SystemTime] 2021-09-26T18:19:37.8668359Z
EventRecordID 1614
Correlation
- Execution
[ ProcessID] 4
[ ThreadID] 8
Channel System
Computer DESKTOP-IJTG7GS
- Security
[ UserID] S-1-5-18
- EventData
BugcheckCode 0
BugcheckParameter1 0x0
BugcheckParameter2 0x0
BugcheckParameter3 0x0
BugcheckParameter4 0x0
SleepInProgress 6
PowerButtonTimestamp 0
BootAppStatus 3221226017
Checkpoint 0
ConnectedStandbyInProgress false
SystemSleepTransitionsToOn 1
CsEntryScenarioInstanceId 0
BugcheckInfoFromEFI false
CheckpointStatus 0
CsEntryScenarioInstanceIdV2 0
LongPowerButtonPressDetected false**
So my computer restarts abruptly on it's own sometimes. I have tested ram and overheating issue but did not find any problem. I even installed windows again but the problem keeps on coming. Above is the event viewer critical error details. Please tell me what is the problem and how should i fix it. I am guessing it might be power supply. Just to be sure, what do you think it is.
My CPU is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1245 V2 # 3.40GHz 3.40 GHz it sits at 50 to 75 Celsius under load. normally its below 50. I have 20 gb ram and a 1050 ti. By the way i tested the pc after removing 1050 ti and placing quadro 4000 in it. But the problem did not solve. At one point computer would not even boot it kept on restarting at the booting screen. I don't know what to do...Help!?
Most probably it can be the PSU.
Windows Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) is a known windows error screen that appears now and then, randomly when some system drivers get corrupted, incompatible apps got installed, drivers outdated, etc. One such error is BSOD 0x8000400000000002. This error is related to kernel 41 critical error on Windows 10. And this is the same error you got. You can try:
Update the drivers: Open windows Device manager and from there you can update your drivers.
Turn off Fast Startup
Use a Restore Point, if you have one.
Unistall Recent Windows Update
Click on Start and open settings.
From settings, open Windows Update & Security option.
Then select “View Update History“
From the new page, click on “Uninstall Updates“.
Now, right-click on recently installed update and select Uninstall option.
Do uninstall all recent updates one by one and then restart your PC.
Update your BIOS
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I installed openstack via devstack on Ubuntu 14.04. I have got 8 gb of ram on my computer and i have created around 8 VM's which i don't use simultaneously as I use the VM differently.
Now i cannot create any more VM's. I get an error message
No Valid Host was found.
there are not enough hosts available.
Can someone advice what should i do?
Since you say that this is a devstack installation, I'm assuming that you aren't running this in a production environment. Openstack allows users to bump up their over-subscription ratio for the RAM. By default, it is kept at 1.5 times the physical RAM available in the machine. Hence, it should be 12 Gb of usable memory. To change the subscription ratio:
sudo vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
#Add these two lines
ram_allocation_ratio=2
cpu_allocation_ratio=20 # Default value here is 16
These values are just a rough estimate. Change the values around to make them work for your environment. Restart the Devstack.
To check if the changes were made, log into mysql (or whichever DB is supporting devstack) and check:
mysql> use nova;
mysql> select * from compute_nodes \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
created_at: 2015-09-25 13:52:55
updated_at: 2016-02-03 18:32:49
deleted_at: NULL
id: 1
service_id: 7
vcpus: 8
memory_mb: 12007
local_gb: 446
vcpus_used: 6
memory_mb_used: 8832
local_gb_used: 80
hypervisor_type: QEMU
disk_available_least: 240
free_ram_mb: 3175
free_disk_gb: 366
current_workload: 0
running_vms: 4
pci_stats: NULL
metrics: []
.....
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
The Scheduler looks at the free_ram_mb. If you have a free_ram_mb of 3175 and if you want to run a new m1.medium instance with 4096M of memory, the Scheduler will end up with this message in the logs:
WARNING nova.scheduler.manager Failed to schedule_run_instance: No valid host was found.
Hence, make sure to keep an eye out for those when starting a new VM after making those changes.
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I have a setup where 2 pc with Linux is trying to communicate with RS232 Serial and Ethernet.
One of the PC, PC(B), I'm using USB<->RS232 connnector. When PC(A) issue a command for it to restart, PC(B) restarts but while booting up again, it received garbage messages at PC(A) from PC(B). PC(A) is still listening at the serial port. Some of these garbage messages happen to be what I'm listening for, which is not nice!
Anyone knows what those messages are? Is there a way to remove them? Does Centos sends some initializing message for testing purpose or what? How about other distribution of Linux?
Thanks in advance if anyone knows what is going on. =)
You can't expect a USB serial converter to be well behaved through a system restart. There's a period where the device is uninitialized, where it may produce glitches on the data lines. Any toggles on the data line will appear as garbage Rx data on A.
If you want to do what you intend, you will have to put some code on A to look for the known startup message and discard any prepended garbage bytes.
I also noticed the garbage too. After trying several baud rates, I checked the signal using an oscilloscope*. It turned out that the message is a valid output, not the result of random signals. It is sent on 9600 baud, 8N1, and it is something like a binary countdown. Specifically the following bytes are sent (in hex):
11, 10, 0F, 0E, 0D, 0C, 0B, 0A, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00
These bytes are sent around the same time as when the login prompt is displayed on the (video) console. There is another very short signal sequence quite earlier in the boot process, a fast, 20 us impulse followed by a 10 us one. This sequence is too short to decide whether it is actual data or only the byproduct of some kind of switching.
I have not noticed anything on a Windows 7 desktop with a PCI serial controller card, which uses the MCS9865 chip according to its documentation.
The box is running Ubuntu 12.10. Linux kernel version is 3.5.0. The serial port controller is on a PCI Express card, lspci identifies it as "NetMos Technology PCIe 9922 Multi-I/O Controller".
It could be the BIOS. A colleague of mine noticed that his laptop gave out the BIOS version number and some more info over RS-232 at 115200 bps during bootup.
Try listening at the RS-232 at different baud rates; you may see something that makes sense.