I would like to interface with the output of my computer's audio and generate a visualization of that audio with fft's.
My question is "Where do I get the audio output stream of my computer? Are there any useful libraries for this purpose?" All the examples I've looked at stream from files, which isn't very useful to me.
I'm hoping to work in golang and linux.
Have a look at the "Graphics and Audio" and "Audio" sections of http://go-lang.cat-v.org/library-bindings.
Especially the bindings to PortAudio (http://code.google.com/p/portaudio-go/) and PulseAudio (https://github.com/moriyoshi/pulsego/) could be of use to you, being a linux guy.
For playing back sound with golang you can use beep: http://github.com/faiface/beep , see the tutorial:
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
"time"
"github.com/faiface/beep"
"github.com/faiface/beep/mp3"
"github.com/faiface/beep/speaker"
)
func main() {
f, err := os.Open("../Lame_Drivers_-_01_-_Frozen_Egg.mp3")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
streamer, format, err := mp3.Decode(f)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer streamer.Close()
speaker.Init(format.SampleRate, format.SampleRate.N(time.Second/10))
done := make(chan bool)
speaker.Play(beep.Seq(streamer, beep.Callback(func() {
done <- true
})))
<-done
}
For recording your computers audio (microphone), you could try this tutorial: https://medium.com/#valentijnnieman_79984/how-to-build-an-audio-streaming-server-in-go-part-1-1676eed93021 that uses the PortAudio bindings:
package main
import (
"encoding/binary"
"github.com/gordonklaus/portaudio"
"net/http"
)
const sampleRate = 44100
const seconds = 1
func main() {
portaudio.Initialize()
defer portaudio.Terminate()
buffer := make([]float32, sampleRate * seconds)
stream, err := portaudio.OpenDefaultStream(1, 0, sampleRate, len(buffer), func(in []float32) {
for i := range buffer {
buffer[i] = in[i]
}
})
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
stream.Start()
defer stream.Close()
}
I know this is from a while ago, but if anyone else is wondering the same, I've been working on: https://github.com/padster/go-sound
Sounds are modelled as channels of float samples (44.1khz, each sample in the range [-1, 1]), and you can process them, or e.g. play to speakers (currently via pulsego), write them to file or display on screen using openGL.
There's also some experimental FFT code (Constant Q, which is similar)
Related
I have a device with a GPRS onboard. GPRS connects with the third-party application and it works. I need to know the signal strength of the connection, so, I use ATZ, then AT+CSQ commands. When I work using some terminal software it works. Then, I had tried to use https://github.com/ishuah/bifrost soft as a terminal. It works as well. But how can I simply communicate with a device, not using terminal, without re-connection or connection abortion, etc?
I tried simply echo ATZ > /dev/ttyX - no answer
// This writes, but reads only zeros (((
package main
import (
"github.com/jacobsa/go-serial/serial"
"io"
"log"
"time"
"fmt"
)
func Sleep(duration int) {
time.Sleep(time.Second * time.Duration(duration))
}
func printBuf(b []byte){
for _, val:=range b {
fmt.Printf("%x ", val)
}
}
func main(){
options := serial.OpenOptions{
PortName: "/dev/ttyX",
BaudRate: 115200,
DataBits: 8,
StopBits: 1,
MinimumReadSize: 0,
InterCharacterTimeout: 50,
}
port, err := serial.Open(options)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("port.Read: %v", err)
return
}
// Make sure to close it later.
defer port.Close()
var s string = `AT+CSQ`
b:=[]byte(s)
n, err := port.Write(b)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("port.Write: %v", err)
}
log.Println("Written bytes: ", n)
//Sleep(1)
res := make([]byte, 64)
n, err = port.Read(res)
if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
log.Printf("port.Read: %v", err)
}
log.Println("READ bytes: ", n)
printBuf(res)
}
/*
I expect (for example):
---------
ATZ
OK
AT+CSQ
+CSQ 22.4
*/
Most serial devices need a termination character to react to the commands they receive.
If you add it, your code should work:
var s string = `AT+CSQ\r`
I don't see any other differences from your code and sending a command using a serial terminal. The same should apply when you echo the command directly onto the port file descriptor.
I'm currently trying to read input from the serial port through an Arduino using multithreading. I have two threads reading from the serial port, and they are both reading the same thing (ignore their function names). Here is the code:
func readFirstLine(scanner *bufio.Scanner, port *serial.Port){
for scanner.Scan() {
log.Printf("%q\n", scanner.Text())
}
time.Sleep(time.Duration(1)*time.Second)
}
func readSecondLine(scanner *bufio.Scanner, port *serial.Port){
time.Sleep(time.Duration(1)*time.Second)
for scanner.Scan() {
log.Printf("%q\n", scanner.Text())
}
}
func main() {
usbRead := &serial.Config{Name: "COM5", Baud: 9600, ReadTimeout: 0}
port, err := serial.OpenPort(usbRead)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(port)
for true {
go readFirstLine(scanner, port)
go readSecondLine(scanner, port)
time.Sleep(time.Duration(2)*time.Second)
}
}
I am expecting the output to look like this:
{"temperature":[26,26],"humidity":[54.2,54.2],"sensor":"DHT22"}
{"temperature":[23.46041,23.46041],"sensor":"LM35DZ"}
{"blink":["true","true"],"actuator":"arduinoLED"}
{"temperature":[26,26],"humidity":[54.2,54.2],"sensor":"DHT22"}
{"temperature":[23.46041,23.46041],"sensor":"LM35DZ"}
{"blink":["true","true"],"actuator":"arduinoLED"}
Yet I am getting garbage output in between the expected output:
"{\"temperature\":[23.46041,23.46041,23.46041],\"sensor\":\"LM35DZ\"}"
"{\"blink\":[\"true\",\"true\",\"true\"],\"actuator\":\"arduinoLED\"}"
"mpeer\x00\x00re\"u:\x00\x00[]6\x00midhui\x00\x00[54\":.\x00\x00sen,\"s\x00\x00:or\"\"TH\x00"
{\"}\"\x00\x00ptemurrate\x003.4[26\x00\x00,\"s1]e\x00\x00\":\"orL\x00\x00Z\"}5D\r\x00\x00\x00"
I believe this garbage output appears because I am reading serial port input even when the Arduino hasn't outputted anything. Is there any ideas on how to fix this? Thanks.
You are concurrently reading from and writing to a bufio.Scanner with no synchronization mechanism.
Reference: Introducing the Go Race Detector
I am writing a media cross-platform distributed media player for use on my own network.
The current version has three/four parts:
A NAS holding the audio files.
A metadata server holding information about the files.
A HTML/JS client that allows manipulation of the metadata server and queuing media for the:
A player deamon.
My problem lies with part 4. The player has no UI, nor does it need one. It will be controlled via network commands from the client and by listening to the media keys on its current host.
The player daemon needs to work on both Windows and Linux, but I can't seem to figure out a way (any way) to read these keys on either OS. Most of the way I know to read the keyboard will not read these keys at all.
With the help of several commenters, I now have it all figured out.
The Linux version is as follows:
package main
import (
“bytes”
“encoding/binary”
“fmt”
“os”
“os/exec”
“syscall”
)
// parses through the /proc/bus/input/devices file for keyboard devices.
// Copied from `github.com/gearmover/keylogger` with trivial modification.
func dumpDevices() ([]string, error) {
cmd := exec.Command(“/bin/sh”, “-c”, “/bin/grep -E ‘Handlers|EV=’ /proc/bus/input/devices | /bin/grep -B1 ‘EV=120013’ | /bin/grep -Eo ‘event[0-9]+’”)
output, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
buf := bytes.NewBuffer(output)
var devices []string
for line, err := buf.ReadString(‘\n’); err == nil; {
devices = append(devices, “/dev/input/”+line[:len(line)-1])
line, err = buf.ReadString(‘\n’)
}
return devices, nil
}
// Using MS names, just because I don’t feel like looking up the Linux versions.
var keys = map[uint16]string{
0xa3: “VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK”,
0xa5: “VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK”,
0xa6: “VK_MEDIA_STOP”,
0xa4: “VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE”,
}
// Most of the code here comes from `github.com/gearmover/keylogger`.
func main() {
// drop privileges when executing other programs
syscall.Setgid(65534)
syscall.Setuid(65534)
// dump our keyboard devices from /proc/bus/input/devices
devices, err := dumpDevices()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
if len(devices) == 0 {
fmt.Println(“No input devices found”)
return
}
// bring back our root privs
syscall.Setgid(0)
syscall.Setuid(0)
// Open the first keyboard device.
input, err := os.OpenFile(devices[0], os.O_RDONLY, 0600)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
defer input.Close()
// Log media keys
var buffer = make([]byte, 24)
for {
// read the input events as they come in
n, err := input.Read(buffer)
if err != nil {
return
}
if n != 24 {
fmt.Println(“Weird Input Event Size: “, n)
continue
}
// parse the input event according to the <linux/input.h> header struct
binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buffer[0:8]) // Time stamp stuff I could care less about
binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buffer[8:16])
etype := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(buffer[16:18]) // Event Type. Always 1 for keyboard events
code := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(buffer[18:20]) // Key scan code
value := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(buffer[20:24])) // press(1), release(0), or repeat(2)
if etype == 1 && value == 1 && keys[code] != “” {
// In a real application I would send a message here.
fmt.Println(keys[code])
}
}
}
And the Windows version:
package main
import (
“fmt”
“syscall”
“time”
)
var user32 = syscall.NewLazyDLL(“user32.dll”)
var procGAKS = user32.NewProc(“GetAsyncKeyState”)
// Key codes from MSDN
var keys = [4]uint{
0xb0, // VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK
0xb1, // VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK
0xb2, // VK_MEDIA_STOP
0xb3, // VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE
}
var names = [4]string{
“VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK”,
“VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK”,
“VK_MEDIA_STOP”,
“VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE”,
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(“Running…”)
// Since I don’t want to trigger dozens of times for each key I need to track state.
// I could check the bits of GAKS’ return value, but that is not reliable.
down := [4]bool{false, false, false, false}
for {
time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
for i, key := range keys {
// val is not a simple boolean!
// 0 means “not pressed” (also certain errors)
// If LSB is set the key was just pressed (this may not be reliable)
// If MSB is set the key is currently down.
val, _, _ := procGAKS.Call(uintptr(key))
// Turn a press into a transition and track key state.
goingdown := false
if int(val) != 0 && !down[i] {
goingdown = true
down[i] = true
}
if int(val) == 0 && down[i] {
down[i] = false
}
if goingdown {
// In a real application I would send a message here.
fmt.Println(names[i])
}
}
}
}
The only "issue" is that the Linux version must be run as root. For me this is not a problem. If running as root is a problem I think there is a way that involves X11...
In the process of learning golang, I'm trying to write a web app with multiple image upload functionality.
I'm using Azure Blob Storage to store images, but I am having trouble streaming the images from the multipart request to Blob Storage.
Here's the handler I've written so far:
func (imgc *ImageController) UploadInstanceImageHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params) {
reader, err := r.MultipartReader()
if err != nil {
http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
for {
part, partErr := reader.NextPart()
// No more parts to process
if partErr == io.EOF {
break
}
// if part.FileName() is empty, skip this iteration.
if part.FileName() == "" {
continue
}
// Check file type
if part.Header["Content-Type"][0] != "image/jpeg" {
fmt.Printf("\nNot image/jpeg!")
break
}
var read uint64
fileName := uuid.NewV4().String() + ".jpg"
buffer := make([]byte, 100000000)
// Get Size
for {
cBytes, err := part.Read(buffer)
if err == io.EOF {
fmt.Printf("\nLast buffer read!")
break
}
read = read + uint64(cBytes)
}
stream := bytes.NewReader(buffer[0:read])
err = imgc.blobClient.CreateBlockBlobFromReader(imgc.imageContainer, fileName, read, stream, nil)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
break
}
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
}
In the process of my research, I've read through using r.FormFile, ParseMultipartForm, but decided on trying to learn how to use MultiPartReader.
I was able to upload an image to the golang backend and save the file to my machine using MultiPartReader.
At the moment, I'm able to upload files to Azure but they end up being corrupted. The file sizes seem on point but clearly something is not working.
Am I misunderstanding how to create a io.Reader for CreateBlockBlobFromReader?
Any help is much appreciated!
As #Mark said, you can use ioutil.ReadAll to read the content into a byte array, the code like below.
import (
"bytes"
"io/ioutil"
)
partBytes, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(part)
size := uint64(len(partBytes))
blob := bytes.NewReader(partBytes)
err := blobClient.CreateBlockBlobFromReader(container, fileName, size, blob, nil)
According to the godoc for CreateBlockBlobFromReader, as below.
The API rejects requests with size > 64 MiB (but this limit is not checked by the SDK). To write a larger blob, use CreateBlockBlob, PutBlock, and PutBlockList.
So if the size is larger than 64MB, the code shoule be like below.
import "encoding/base64"
const BLOB_LENGTH_LIMITS uint64 = 64 * 1024 * 1024
partBytes, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(part)
size := uint64(len(partBytes))
if size <= BLOB_LENGTH_LIMITS {
blob := bytes.NewReader(partBytes)
err := blobClient.CreateBlockBlobFromReader(container, fileName, size, blob, nil)
} else {
// Create an empty blob
blobClient.CreateBlockBlob(container, fileName)
// Create a block list, and upload each block
length := size / BLOB_LENGTH_LIMITS
if length%limits != 0 {
length = length + 1
}
blocks := make([]Block, length)
for i := uint64(0); i < length; i++ {
start := i * BLOB_LENGTH_LIMITS
end := (i+1) * BLOB_LENGTH_LIMITS
if end > size {
end = size
}
chunk := partBytes[start: end]
blockId := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(chunk)
block := Block{blockId, storage.BlockStatusCommitted}
blocks[i] = block
err = blobClient.PutBlock(container, fileName, blockID, chunk)
if err != nil {
.......
}
}
err = blobClient.PutBlockList(container, fileName, blocks)
if err != nil {
.......
}
}
Hope it helps.
A Reader can return both an io.EOF and a valid final bytes read, it looks like the final bytes (cBytes) is not added to read total bytes. Also, careful: if an error is returned by part.Read(buffer) other than io.EOF, the read loop might not exit. Consider ioutil.ReadAll instead.
CreateBlockBlobFromReader takes a Reader, and part is a Reader, so you may be able to pass the part in directly.
You may also want to consider Azure block size limits might be smaller than the image, see Asure blobs.
I'm currently doing it with os/exec and Stdout on golang's side, and console.log("string") on nodejs's side.
Basically I need to generate a string but can only do so within nodejs but the majority of my code is in golang, so I'm trying to make this little blip in my code as seamless, secure, and reliable as possible and I'm a little uneasy about resting such an important part of my program on "console.log" and reading from shell output.
In short: I'm wondering if there exists a better and more standard communication line between my node and go code then console.log + shell output, or is that perhaps optimal enough?
Oh and the function of this particular part of my program is to take a markdown text file and convert it to HTML using markdown-it.
Some ideas:
Communicate through HTTP (send the data/string to a golang http listener)
Communicate through the filesystem (write the string to a temporary file and read it with golang)
Communicate through "something similiar to HTTP but specific to local application data sharing"
P.S.
I can't use otto, since markdown-it doesn't run there.
Actual code:
parser.go
package main
import (
"os"
"os/exec"
"fmt"
"bytes"
)
func main() {
cmd := "node"
args := []string{"parser.js", "/home/user1/dev/current/wikis/Bob's Pain/markup/index.md"}
process := exec.Command(cmd, args...)
stdin, err := process.StdinPipe()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
defer stdin.Close()
buf := new(bytes.Buffer) // THIS STORES THE NODEJS OUTPUT
process.Stdout = buf
process.Stderr = os.Stderr
if err = process.Start(); err != nil {
fmt.Println("An error occured: ", err)
}
process.Wait()
fmt.Println("Generated string:", buf)
}
parser.js
var md = require('markdown-it')();
var yaml = require('js-yaml');
var fs = require('fs');
if (process.argv.length < 3) {
console.log('Usage: node ' + process.argv[1] + ' FILENAME');
process.exit(1);
}
var filename = process.argv[2];
fs.readFile(filename, 'utf8', function(err, data) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
parse(data)
});
function parse(data) {
data = data.split("---")
yamlData = data[1];
markData = data[2];
y = yamlProcess(yamlData);
markData = "# "+y.title+"\n\n"+markData
html = markdownToHTML(markData);
console.log(html) // SEND THE DATA BACK TO GOLANG
}
function yamlProcess(data) {
try {
var doc = yaml.safeLoad(data);
return doc;
} catch (e) {
console.log(e);
return {};
}
}
function markdownToHTML(data) {
return md.render(data);
}
The easiest way to do this with os/exec:
command := "node parser.js /path/to/some/file.md"
parts := strings.Fields(command)
data, err := exec.Command(parts[0], parts[1:]...).Output()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
output := string(data)
"output" is the data that is printed from your NodeJS script. "command" is any command as a string.
I've approached similar requirement both ways.
For a build pipeline extension, I'd write a Python script that takes arguments from command line and outputs results to stdout. It's a simple interface, for a "run once", "everything succeeds otherwise fail fast" usage. If that's the same in your case, I'd keep the implementation as-is.
For a web application, I had Java service for just a specific function (in my case, Natty date recognition from a natural language string). This has the benefit that the application is already "warmed up" at the time of the call, and will definitely respond faster rather than booting up each time the request comes in. Going with a rest interface will probably reveal more benefits over time - e.g. simpler client implementation, monitoring, deployment options, switch implementation without changing clients, etc. It's just more conventional this way.