I am trying to come up with a way for my users to supply plugins into the main groovy application by dynamically loading their source file. But their groovy file contains import statements and I don't know how to make them work even with an apparently good classpath.
The main application is a shell script, bin/top.sh:
#!/bin/bash
groovy-2.4.1/bin/groovy -cp lib lib/Top.groovy
The lib/Top.groovy class:
public class Top {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassLoader parent = getClass().getClassLoader()
GroovyClassLoader loader = new GroovyClassLoader(parent)
Class groovyClass = loader.parseClass(new File("UserPlugin.groovy"))
GroovyObject groovyObject = (GroovyObject) groovyClass.newInstance()
groovyObject.invokeMethod("run",args)
}
}
The user class UserPlugin.groovy:
// The following import can be found in the classpath
// passed by the shell script (under lib/, next to Top.groovy)
import Lib
class UserPlugin {
def UserPlugin() {
Lib lib = new Lib()
}
def run(String [] args) {
println("Running with: "+args)
}
}
And the lib/Lib.groovy:
class Lib {
def Lib() {
println("Lib")
}
}
When I run with bin/top.sh, I get: UserPlugin.groovy: 3: unable to resolve class Lib
When I add lib to the class loader like so loader.addClasspath('lib'), it's rather catastrophic:
org.codehaus.groovy.control.MultipleCompilationErrorsException: startup failed:
General error during class generation: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: groovy/lang/GroovyObject
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: groovy/lang/GroovyObject
at org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationUnit.convertUncaughtExceptionToCompilationError(CompilationUnit.java:1088)
How can this work while keeping it all scripted and not compiled? Is this even possible?
Sorry I don't have time to find the bug but I think the problem is with the setting of the context classloader. GroovyShell.run takes care of that for you which I recommend over replicating that code.
Top.groovy
public class Top {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new GroovyShell().run(new File("UserPlugin.groovy"), args)
}
}
If you're willing to make Top.groovy a script rather than class then you can do this:
Top.groovy
run(new File("UserPlugin.groovy"), args)
The UserPlugin.groovy then needs to be either a class (with a main method) or a script to use the standard Groovy calling logic.
Related
While porting a big JEE8 application to Java 17, I stumbled upon an IllegalAccessException when rendering a simple EL expression: #{myWarBean.defaultTZ.rawOffset}. I managed to reproduce the problem in a SSCCE on github. When you run the application on Wildfly application server (I'm using 26.1.1.Final), you get the following stacktrace:
SEVERE [javax.enterprise.resource.webcontainer.jsf.application] (default task-1) Error Rendering View[/index.xhtml]: javax.el.ELException: /index.xhtml #23,74 value="raw offset=#{myWarBean.defaultTZ.rawOffset}": java.lang.IllegalAccessException: class javax.el.BeanELResolver cannot access class sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.util.calendar to unnamed module #6a1cb0de
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.facelets.el.TagValueExpression.getValue(TagValueExpression.java:77)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.ComponentStateHelper.eval(ComponentStateHelper.java:194)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.ComponentStateHelper.eval(ComponentStateHelper.java:181)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.UIOutput.getValue(UIOutput.java:140)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicInputRenderer.getValue(HtmlBasicInputRenderer.java:198)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.getCurrentValue(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:328)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeEnd(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:143)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeEnd(UIComponentBase.java:600)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:286)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GroupRenderer.encodeChildren(GroupRenderer.java:90)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:571)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:1648)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:1651)
at javax.faces.api#3.1.0.SP01//javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:1651)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.application.view.FaceletViewHandlingStrategy.renderView(FaceletViewHandlingStrategy.java:461)
[...]
Caused by: javax.el.ELException: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: class javax.el.BeanELResolver cannot access class sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.util.calendar to unnamed module #6a1cb0de
at javax.el.api#2.0.0.Final//javax.el.BeanELResolver.getValue(BeanELResolver.java:193)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.el.DemuxCompositeELResolver._getValue(DemuxCompositeELResolver.java:156)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.el.DemuxCompositeELResolver.getValue(DemuxCompositeELResolver.java:184)
at org.glassfish.jakarta.el#3.0.3.jbossorg-4//com.sun.el.parser.AstValue.getValue(AstValue.java:114)
at org.glassfish.jakarta.el#3.0.3.jbossorg-4//com.sun.el.parser.AstValue.getValue(AstValue.java:177)
at org.glassfish.jakarta.el#3.0.3.jbossorg-4//com.sun.el.parser.AstDeferredExpression.getValue(AstDeferredExpression.java:39)
at org.glassfish.jakarta.el#3.0.3.jbossorg-4//com.sun.el.parser.AstCompositeExpression.getValue(AstCompositeExpression.java:44)
at org.glassfish.jakarta.el#3.0.3.jbossorg-4//com.sun.el.ValueExpressionImpl.getValue(ValueExpressionImpl.java:183)
at org.jboss.weld.core#3.1.9.Final//org.jboss.weld.module.web.el.WeldValueExpression.getValue(WeldValueExpression.java:50)
at org.jboss.weld.core#3.1.9.Final//org.jboss.weld.module.web.el.WeldValueExpression.getValue(WeldValueExpression.java:50)
at com.sun.jsf-impl#2.3.17.SP01//com.sun.faces.facelets.el.TagValueExpression.getValue(TagValueExpression.java:73)
... 73 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: class javax.el.BeanELResolver cannot access class sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.util.calendar to unnamed module #6a1cb0de
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection.newIllegalAccessException(Reflection.java:392)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkAccess(AccessibleObject.java:674)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:560)
at javax.el.api#2.0.0.Final//javax.el.BeanELResolver.getValue(BeanELResolver.java:186)
... 83 more
It seems, the problem is the EL expression accessing a java.util.TimeZone. The TimeZone class uses sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo internally. And it seems this is not legal any more.
This only happens with Java 17. When running in Java 11, this all works fine.
I can workaround the exception by adding the following arguments when starting wildfly:
--add-exports=java.base/sun.util.calendar=ALL-UNNAMED
However, I think it should be possible to run the example without this workaround.
Any ideas what I'm missing? Might this even be a bug in Java/JDK 17?
It's reproducible with a plain Java application class as follows:
package com.stackoverflow.q72361100;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.TimeZone;
public class Test {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
TimeZone instance = TimeZone.getDefault();
Class<?> cls = instance.getClass();
Method method = cls.getMethod("getRawOffset");
Object result = method.invoke(instance); // java.lang.IllegalAccessException
System.out.println(result);
}
}
The issue here is that instance.getClass() returns sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo as that's the implementation returned by TimeZone#getDefault(). The work around would be to use TimeZone.class instead of instance.getClass():
package com.stackoverflow.q72361100;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.TimeZone;
public class Test {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
TimeZone instance = TimeZone.getDefault();
Class<?> cls = TimeZone.class; // Work around
Method method = cls.getMethod("getRawOffset");
Object result = method.invoke(instance);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
I'd argue that this will require a change in EL spec. Ideally it should search further in declared super classes if the method is accessible as per Method#canAccess() and then use it instead.
package com.stackoverflow.q72361100;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.TimeZone;
public class Test {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
TimeZone instance = TimeZone.getDefault();
Class<?> cls = instance.getClass();
Method method = getAccessibleMethod(instance, cls, "getRawOffset"); // Look in superclasses as well.
Object result = method.invoke(instance);
System.out.println(result);
}
private static Method getAccessibleMethod(Object instance, Class<?> cls, String methodName) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = cls.getMethod(methodName);
if (method.canAccess(instance)) {
return method;
}
return getAccessibleMethod(instance, cls.getSuperclass(), methodName);
}
}
I've created an issue at EL spec: https://github.com/jakartaee/expression-language/issues/188
Until they get it fixed, you can work around it by adding a dedicated getter for it:
public int getDefaultTZrawOffset() {
return getDefaultTZ().getRawOffset();
}
#{myWarBean.defaultTZrawOffset}
I want to write to log inside static class in Groovy in JMeter. I can print to terminal inside and outside of class with println or System.out.println. How to do the trick with log? In code below all works except log.warn inside class, give error:
Script53.groovy: 13: Apparent variable 'log' was found in a static scope but doesn't refer to a local variable, static field or class. Possible causes:
You attempted to reference a variable in the binding or an instance variable from a static context.
You misspelled a classname or statically imported field. Please check the spelling.
You attempted to use a method 'log' but left out brackets in a place not allowed by the grammar.
Code:
import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
class CalcMain {
static void main(def args) throws Exception {
ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("groovy");
println ("testing 1");
System.out.println ("testing 2");
log.warn("warn2");
}
}
OUT.println("testing 4");
println("testing 5");
log.warn("warn 1");
CalcMain test1 = new CalcMain();
test1.main();
I tried web search but could not find an answer.
You can use Groovy #Log4j annotation:
import groovy.util.logging.Log4j
#Log4j
class CalcMain {
static void main(def args) throws Exception {
// some code
log.info "hello there"
}
}
Another option is to send log as parameter to static method:
static void main(org.slf4j.Logger log) throws Exception {
Call method:
test1.main(log);
I've read https://www.blazemeter.com/blog/top-8-jmeter-java-classes-you-should-be-using-with-groovy/ where it is advised to use log variable but also gives link to Logger class. I've tried to play with Logger class and it works:
import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
class CalcMain {
static void main(def args) throws Exception {
ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("groovy");
final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CalcMain.class);
logger.warn("My warning");
}
}
CalcMain test1 = new CalcMain();
test1.main();
I'm running into a problem with GroovyScriptEngine - it seems not to be able to work with inner classes. Anyone know whether there's some limitation in GroovyScriptEngine or a workaround?
I have a directory with these two files:
// MyClass.groovy
public class MyClass {
MyOuter m1;
MyOuter.MyInner m2;
}
and
// MyOuter.groovy
public class MyOuter {
public static class MyInner {}
}
I have a following test class:
import java.io.File;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import groovy.util.GroovyScriptEngine;
public class TestGroovyScriptEngine {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException {
final File myGroovySourceDir = new File("C:/MyGroovySourceDir");
final URL[] urls = { myGroovySourceDir.toURL() };
GroovyScriptEngine groovyScriptEngine = new GroovyScriptEngine(urls,
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
Class<?> clazz = groovyScriptEngine.getGroovyClassLoader().loadClass("MyClass");
}
}
When I run it I get the following compilation error:
Exception in thread "main" org.codehaus.groovy.control.MultipleCompilationErrorsException: startup failed:
C:\MyGroovySourceDir\MyClass.groovy: 3: unable to resolve class MyOuter.MyInner
# line 3, column 2.
MyOuter.MyInner m2;
^
1 error
at org.codehaus.groovy.control.ErrorCollector.failIfErrors(ErrorCollector.java:311)
at org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationUnit.applyToSourceUnits(CompilationUnit.java:983)
at org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationUnit.doPhaseOperation(CompilationUnit.java:633)
at org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationUnit.compile(CompilationUnit.java:582)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.doParseClass(GroovyClassLoader.java:354)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.access$300(GroovyClassLoader.java:87)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader$5.provide(GroovyClassLoader.java:323)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader$5.provide(GroovyClassLoader.java:320)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.memoize.ConcurrentCommonCache.getAndPut(ConcurrentCommonCache.java:147)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.parseClass(GroovyClassLoader.java:318)
at groovy.util.GroovyScriptEngine$ScriptClassLoader.doParseClass(GroovyScriptEngine.java:248)
at groovy.util.GroovyScriptEngine$ScriptClassLoader.parseClass(GroovyScriptEngine.java:235)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.parseClass(GroovyClassLoader.java:307)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.recompile(GroovyClassLoader.java:811)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.loadClass(GroovyClassLoader.java:767)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.loadClass(GroovyClassLoader.java:836)
at groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader.loadClass(GroovyClassLoader.java:824)
I would have expected a "clean compile", but the inner class seems to be causing problems.
My groovy classes compile fine at the command line using groovyc, or in Eclipse.
You have faced an edge case here. To clarify what happens let's define the initial conditions:
you have a Java (or Groovy) class that gets executed inside JVM
you have two Groovy classes that get loaded outside of the JVM
The problem you have described does not exist if you put these two Groovy classes inside the same path you execute your Java class from - in this case IDE takes care to compile these Groovy classes and put them to the classpath of a JVM that gets started to run your Java test class.
But this is not your case and you are trying to load these two Groovy classes outside the running JVM using GroovyClassLoader (which extends URLClassLoader btw). I will try to explain in the simplest possible words what happened that adding field of type MyOuter does not throw any compilation error, but MyOuter.MyInner does.
When you execute:
Class<?> clazz = groovyScriptEngine.getGroovyClassLoader().loadClass("MyClass");
Groovy class loader goes to script file lookup part, because it was not able to find MyClass in the current classpath. This is the part responsible for it:
// at this point the loading from a parent loader failed
// and we want to recompile if needed.
if (lookupScriptFiles) {
// try groovy file
try {
// check if recompilation already happened.
final Class classCacheEntry = getClassCacheEntry(name);
if (classCacheEntry != cls) return classCacheEntry;
URL source = resourceLoader.loadGroovySource(name);
// if recompilation fails, we want cls==null
Class oldClass = cls;
cls = null;
cls = recompile(source, name, oldClass);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
last = new ClassNotFoundException("IOException while opening groovy source: " + name, ioe);
} finally {
if (cls == null) {
removeClassCacheEntry(name);
} else {
setClassCacheEntry(cls);
}
}
}
Source: src/main/groovy/lang/GroovyClassLoader.java#L733-L753
Here URL source = resourceLoader.loadGroovySource(name); it loads the full file URL to the source file and here cls = recompile(source, name, oldClass); it executes class compilation.
There are several phases involved in Groovy class compilation. One of them is Phase.SEMANTIC_ANALYSIS which analyses class fields and their types for instance. At this point ClassCodeVisitorSupport executes visitClass(ClassNode node) for MyClass class and following line
node.visitContents(this);
starts class contents processing. If we take a look at the source code of this method:
public void visitContents(GroovyClassVisitor visitor) {
// now let's visit the contents of the class
for (PropertyNode pn : getProperties()) {
visitor.visitProperty(pn);
}
for (FieldNode fn : getFields()) {
visitor.visitField(fn);
}
for (ConstructorNode cn : getDeclaredConstructors()) {
visitor.visitConstructor(cn);
}
for (MethodNode mn : getMethods()) {
visitor.visitMethod(mn);
}
}
Source: src/main/org/codehaus/groovy/ast/ClassNode.java#L1066-L108
we will see that it analyses and process class properties, fields, constructors and methods. At this phase it resolves all types defined for these elements. It sees that there are two properties m1 and m2 with types MyOuter and MyOuter.MyInner accordingly, and it executes visitor.visitProperty(pn); for them. This method executes the one we are looking for - resolve()
private boolean resolve(ClassNode type, boolean testModuleImports, boolean testDefaultImports, boolean testStaticInnerClasses) {
resolveGenericsTypes(type.getGenericsTypes());
if (type.isResolved() || type.isPrimaryClassNode()) return true;
if (type.isArray()) {
ClassNode element = type.getComponentType();
boolean resolved = resolve(element, testModuleImports, testDefaultImports, testStaticInnerClasses);
if (resolved) {
ClassNode cn = element.makeArray();
type.setRedirect(cn);
}
return resolved;
}
// test if vanilla name is current class name
if (currentClass == type) return true;
String typeName = type.getName();
if (genericParameterNames.get(typeName) != null) {
GenericsType gt = genericParameterNames.get(typeName);
type.setRedirect(gt.getType());
type.setGenericsTypes(new GenericsType[]{ gt });
type.setGenericsPlaceHolder(true);
return true;
}
if (currentClass.getNameWithoutPackage().equals(typeName)) {
type.setRedirect(currentClass);
return true;
}
return resolveNestedClass(type) ||
resolveFromModule(type, testModuleImports) ||
resolveFromCompileUnit(type) ||
resolveFromDefaultImports(type, testDefaultImports) ||
resolveFromStaticInnerClasses(type, testStaticInnerClasses) ||
resolveToOuter(type);
}
Source: src/main/org/codehaus/groovy/control/ResolveVisitor.java#L343-L378
This method gets executed for both MyOuter and MyOuter.MyInner classes. It is worth mentioning that class resolving mechanism only checks if given class is available in the classpath and it does not load or parse any classes. That is why MyOuter gets recognized when this method reaches resolveToOuter(type). If we take a quick look at its source code we will understand why it works for this class:
private boolean resolveToOuter(ClassNode type) {
String name = type.getName();
// We do not need to check instances of LowerCaseClass
// to be a Class, because unless there was an import for
// for this we do not lookup these cases. This was a decision
// made on the mailing list. To ensure we will not visit this
// method again we set a NO_CLASS for this name
if (type instanceof LowerCaseClass) {
classNodeResolver.cacheClass(name, ClassNodeResolver.NO_CLASS);
return false;
}
if (currentClass.getModule().hasPackageName() && name.indexOf('.') == -1) return false;
LookupResult lr = null;
lr = classNodeResolver.resolveName(name, compilationUnit);
if (lr!=null) {
if (lr.isSourceUnit()) {
SourceUnit su = lr.getSourceUnit();
currentClass.getCompileUnit().addClassNodeToCompile(type, su);
} else {
type.setRedirect(lr.getClassNode());
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
Source: src/main/org/codehaus/groovy/control/ResolveVisitor.java#L725-L751
When Groovy class loader tries to resolve MyOuter type name it reaches
lr = classNodeResolver.resolveName(name, compilationUnit);
which locates script with a name MyOuter.groovy and it creates a SourceUnit object associated with this script file name. It is simply something like saying "OK, this class is not in my classpath at the moment, but there is a source file I can see that once compiled it will provide a valid type of name MyOuter". This is why it finally reaches:
currentClass.getCompileUnit().addClassNodeToCompile(type, su);
where currentClass is an object associated with MyClass type - it adds this source unit to MyClass compilation unit, so it gets compiled with the MyClass class. And this is the point where resolving
MyOuter m1
class property ends.
In the next step it picks MyOuter.MyInner m2 property and it tries to resolve its type. Keep in mind - MyOuter got resolved correctly, but it didn't get loaded to the classpath, so it's static inner class does not exist in any scope, yet. It goes through the same resolving strategies as MyOuter, but any of them works for MyOuter.MyInner class. And this is why ResolveVisitor.resolveOrFail() eventually throws this compilation exception.
Workaround
OK, so we know what happens, but is there anything we can do about it? Luckily, there is a workaround for this problem. You can run your program and load MyClass successfully only if you load MyOuter class to Groovy script engine first:
import java.io.File;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import groovy.util.GroovyScriptEngine;
public class TestGroovyScriptEngine {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, ClassNotFoundException {
final File myGroovySourceDir = new File("C:/MyGroovySourceDir");
final URL[] urls = { myGroovySourceDir.toURL() };
GroovyScriptEngine groovyScriptEngine = new GroovyScriptEngine(urls,
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
groovyScriptEngine.getGroovyClassLoader().loadClass("MyOuter");
Class<?> clazz = groovyScriptEngine.getGroovyClassLoader().loadClass("MyClass");
}
}
Why does it work? Well, semantic analysis of MyOuter class does not cause any problems, because all types are known at this stage. This is why loading MyOuter class succeeds and it results in Groovy script engine instance knows what MyOuter and MyOuter.MyInner types are. So when you next load MyClass from the same Groovy script engine it will apply different resolving strategy - it will find both classes available to the current compilation unit and it wont have to resolve MyOuter class based on its Groovy script file.
Debugging
If you want to examine this use case better it is worth to run a debugger and see analyze what happens at the runtime. You can create a breakpoint at line 357 of ResolveVisitor.java file for instance, to see described scenario in action. Keep in mind one thing though - resolveFromDefaultImports(type, testDefaultImports) will try to lookup MyClass and MyOuter classes by applying default packages like java.util, java.io, groovy.lang etc. This resolve strategy kicks in before resolveToOuter(type) so you have to patiently jump through them. But it is worth it to see and get a better understanding about how things work. Hope it helps!
How to mock "System.getenv("...")" in JUnit.
Currently I am doing:
#RunWith(Parameterized.class)
#PowerMockRunnerDelegate(PowerMockRunner.class)
#PrepareForTest(System.class)
public class TestClass extends BaseTest {
public TestClass(String testCase) {
this.testCase = testCase;
}
#Before
#Override
public final void initTable() throws Throwable {
super.initTable();
PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class);
PowerMockito.when(System.getenv("ENV_VAR1")).thenReturn("1234");
}
...
}
I am using both PowerMock and Parameterizedrunner.
I am getting below exception for line:
PowerMockito.when(System.getenv("ENV_VAR1")).thenReturn("1234");
Exception:
org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException:
'afterPropertiesSet' is a *void method* and it *cannot* be stubbed with a *return value*!
Voids are usually stubbed with Throwables:
doThrow(exception).when(mock).someVoidMethod();
***
Use the #RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) annotation at the class-level of the test case.
Use the #PrepareForTest({ClassThatCallsTheSystemClass.class}) annotation at the class-level of the test case.
Example with using EasyMock
public class SystemClassUser {
public String performEncode() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return URLEncoder.encode("string", "enc");
}
}
And test
#RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
#PrepareForTest( { SystemClassUser.class })
public class SystemClassUserTest {
#Test
public void assertThatMockingOfNonFinalSystemClassesWorks() throws Exception {
mockStatic(URLEncoder.class);
expect(URLEncoder.encode("string", "enc")).andReturn("something");
replayAll();
assertEquals("something", new SystemClassUser().performEncode());
verifyAll();
}
}
From:
https://github.com/powermock/powermock/wiki/MockSystem
So, you should add a class that uses the System.getenv, not the System class to #PrepareForTest.
This post explains why it should be done in such way.
Also, I'd like to recommend to use the System Rules library for your case. It has a good way to stub environment variables. PowerMock modifies a class byte code, so it makes test slowly. And even if it not modify a class it at least read class from disk.
I need to make a standalone Groovy script that does not require compilation and runs without Groovy installed. It works well, but it fails to recognize any other script than the main script.
My folder structure is the following:
libs\
groovy-all-2.4.3.jar
ivy-2.4.0.jar
src\
makeRelease.groovy
ReleaseHelper.groovy
I am launching the script this way from the src folder:
java -cp "../libs/*" makeRelease.groovy
makeRelease looks like this:
public class makeRelease {
public static void main(String... args) {
new ReleaseHelper()
...
}
}
When run this is the output:
org.codehaus.groovy.control.MultipleCompilationErrorsException: startup failed:
src\makeRelease.groovy: 5: unable to resolve class ReleaseHelper
How can I include other classes (that reside in separate files) in such portable scripts?
I think that it is easier than you think:
libs\
groovy-all-2.4.3.jar
src\
main.groovy
Greeter.groovy
Where main.groovy
public class Main {
public static void main(args) {
println 'Main script starting...'
def greeter = new Greeter()
greeter.sayHello()
}
}
and Greeter.groovy
class Greeter {
def sayHello() {
println 'Hello!'
}
}
Simply add to the classpath the folders where you have the classes in separate files:
java -cp .;..\libs\groovy-all-2.4.3.jar groovy.ui.GroovyMain main.groovy
The above yields:
Main script starting...
Hello!