Produser Consumer wthout semaphore - multithreading

I am trying to solve producer consumer problem using threads without semaphoere.In my client i create 4 threads 2 for producer and 2 for consumer, each of them send M produce/consume messages. Here is my client code.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define BUFSIZE 4096
#define N 4
/*
** Client
*/
int M = 10;
pthread_t threads[N];
char buf[BUFSIZE];
char *service;
char *host = "localhost";
int cc;
int csock;
int consumed,produced;
void *connect_and_handle(void *msg){
/* Create the socket to the controller */
if ( ( csock = connectsock( host, service, "tcp" )) == 0 ) {
fprintf( stderr, "Cannot connect to server.\n" );
exit( -1 );
}
printf( "The server is ready, please start entering commands.\n" );
fflush( stdout );
// Start the loop
int k;
//char msg[50];
for (k=0;k<M;k++){
strcpy(buf, msg);
// Send to the server
if ( write( csock, buf, strlen(buf) ) < 0 ) {
fprintf( stderr, "client write failed: %s\n", strerror(errno) );
exit( -1 );
}
if ( (cc = read( csock, buf, BUFSIZE )) <= 0 )
break;
buf[cc] = 0;
printf( "Server replied: %s\n", buf );
}
close( csock );
// exit thread
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main( int argc, char *argv[] ){
char *msg, *msg2;
switch( argc ) {
case 2:
service = argv[1];
break;
case 3:
host = argv[1];
service = argv[2];
break;
default:
fprintf( stderr, "usage: chat [host] port\n" );
exit(-1);
}
// thread code goes here
int i, n = N;
for (i=0;i<N;i++){
msg = (char*)malloc(32*sizeof(char));
msg2 = (char*)malloc(32*sizeof(char));
sprintf(msg,"PRODUCE This is the item #%i", i);
sprintf(msg2, "CONSUME");
//producer thread
produced = pthread_create( &threads[i], NULL, connect_and_handle, (void *) msg );
if ( produced != 0 ) { printf( "Error: pthread_create returned code %d.\n", produced); exit( -1 );}
//consumer thread
/*
i++;
consumed = pthread_create( &threads[i], NULL, connect_and_handle, (void *) msg2 );
if ( consumed != 0 ){ printf( "Error: pthread_create returned code %d.\n", consumed ); exit( -1 );}
*/
}
}
and server :
// This server implements part of the 333 protocol
// NUMBER - number of clients served
// NAMES - developers
// GOODBYE - close connection
// ADD - increment
// SUBTRACT- decrement
//
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#define QLEN 5
#define BUFSIZE 4096
#define MAX 100
/*
** This server ... is threaded
*/
// Function prototypes
int passivesock( char *, char *, int, int * );
void *handle_a_client( void *arg );
// Global variables are shared by the threads
int clients = 0;
char *buffer[MAX];
char *maloc_buf;
int count=0;
int full_count=0;
int empty_count=MAX;
int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
char *service;
struct sockaddr_in fsin;
int alen;
int msock;
int ssock;
int rport = 0;
switch (argc) {
case 1:
// No args? let the OS choose a port and tell the user
rport = 1;
break;
case 2:
// User provides a port? then use it
service = argv[1];
break;
default:
fprintf( stderr, "usage: server [port]\n" );
exit(-1);
}
msock = passivesock( service, "tcp", QLEN, &rport );
if (rport) {
// Tell the user the selected port
printf( "server: port %d\n", rport );
fflush( stdout );
}
// Keep accepting clients until you are killed
for (;;) {
int ssock;
pthread_t pid;
alen = sizeof(fsin);
ssock = accept( msock, (struct sockaddr *)&fsin, &alen );
if (ssock < 0) {
fprintf( stderr, "accept: %s\n", strerror(errno) );
exit(-1);
}
clients++;
printf("connected , %i", clients);
// Launch a thread to manage this client
// YES, pid is getting overwritten each time, but it is unused
pthread_create( &pid, NULL, handle_a_client, (void *) ssock );
}
}
void *handle_a_client( void *arg ) {
char requestbuf[BUFSIZE];
char replybuf[BUFSIZE];
int ssock = (int) arg;
int cc;
for (;;) {
if ( (cc = read( ssock, requestbuf, BUFSIZE )) <= 0 ) {
printf( "The client has gone.\n");
(void) close(ssock);
pthread_exit(0);
break;
}
else {
// Remove the newline and null-terminate the string
requestbuf[cc] = '\0';
int size = cc-7;
printf( "The client on %d says: %s\n", ssock, requestbuf );
if ( strncasecmp( requestbuf, "goodbye", 7 ) == 0 ) {
close( ssock );
break;
}
else if ( strncasecmp( requestbuf, "PRODUCE", 7 ) == 0 ) {
if (full_count == MAX){
strcpy(replybuf,"FULL\n");
write(ssock,replybuf,strlen(replybuf));
}
else {
maloc_buf=(char*) malloc((size)*sizeof(char));
strcpy(maloc_buf, (requestbuf+8));
buffer[full_count]=maloc_buf;
int num=full_count+1;
sprintf(replybuf, "Client produced item no%i: %s",full_count, buffer[full_count]);
full_count++;
empty_count--;
}
}
else if ( strncasecmp( requestbuf, "CONSUME", 7 ) == 0 ) {
if (empty_count == MAX) {
strcpy(replybuf,"EMPTY\n");
write( ssock, replybuf, strlen(replybuf) );
}
else {
sprintf(replybuf,"OK %s", buffer
[full_count]);
free(buffer[full_count]);
full_count--;
empty_count++;
}
}
}
}
}
When i run my server and then try to connect to it in client, nothing happens. Debugging showed (i am not sure) that in client code after
if ( ( csock = connectsock( host, service, "tcp" )) == 0 ) {
i am exiting, nothing is printed to console both in client and server.

Related

QProcess outputs with delay threads' stdout/stderr of multithreaded application

My platform:
Ubuntu 17.10 32-bit (Vbox VM)
Qt Creator 3.5.1 (opensource)
Qt 5.5.1 (GCC 4.9.1 20140922 (Red Hat 4.9.1-10), 32 bit
I am trying to invoke a multithreaded program (with arguments) using QProcess.start().
My program runs fine on terminal, i.e. periodically prints on stdout.
Using a TextEdit to log the stdout/stderr of the program I have connected QProcess readyReadStandardOutput/Error signals.
The stdout/stderr that comes from the main thread of the program is correctly shown on the TextEdit, the rest of the output (the one from all the other threads) is not shown.
EDIT
On the main thread an HTTP server is listening.
If a HTTP request is performed by browser at the url "127.0.0.1:32001" (port 32001 is hard coded in the QT code), when the HTTP request is received the program appends the HTTP packet and all the pending output from the other thread (moduleThread) to the TextEdit, so it could be a problem of flushing.
main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "http_server.h"
static pthread_t moduleThr;
static pthread_attr_t moduleThread_attr;
static bool one_second_elapsed;
static sem_t oneSecondSem;
void *moduleThread(void *arg0)
{
bool one_second_elapsed_local;
while (1)
{
sem_wait(&oneSecondSem);
one_second_elapsed_local = one_second_elapsed;
one_second_elapsed = false;
sem_post(&oneSecondSem);
if (one_second_elapsed_local)
fprintf(stdout, "Hello world each second!\r\n");
usleep(50000);
}
}
static void oneSecElapsed(int signum)
{
sem_wait(&oneSecondSem);
one_second_elapsed = true;
sem_post(&oneSecondSem);
}
static void TIMER_1sec_init(void)
{
struct sigaction sa;
struct itimerval timer;
/* Install timer_handler as the signal handler for SIGALRM. */
memset (&sa, 0, sizeof (sa));
sa.sa_handler = &oneSecElapsed;
sigaction (SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);
/* Configure the timer to expire after 1 sec... */
timer.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
timer.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
/* ... and every 1 sec after that... */
timer.it_interval.tv_sec = 1;
timer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
/* Start a virtual timer. It counts down whenever this process is
executing. */
setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &timer, NULL);
}
/*
* ======== main ========
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
const char *tcpport;
if (argc > 2)
{
fprintf(stdout, "id = %s\r\n", argv[1]);
fprintf(stdout, "tcpport = %s\r\n", argv[2]);
tcpport = argv[2];
}
else
exit(-1);
sem_init(&oneSecondSem, 0, 1);
one_second_elapsed = false;
/* Create thread quadro manager */
pthread_attr_init(&moduleThread_attr);
pthread_attr_setstacksize(&moduleThread_attr, 2048);
pthread_create(&moduleThr, &moduleThread_attr, moduleThread, NULL);
TIMER_1sec_init();
HTTPSERVER_init(tcpport);
/* should never return */
return (0);
}
http_server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> /* memset() */
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include "module.h"
typedef struct { char *name, *value; } header_t;
static header_t reqhdr[17] = { {"\0", "\0"} };
//#define PORT "32001" /* Port to listen on */
#define BACKLOG 10 /* Passed to listen() */
static char *buf;
static char *method; // "GET" or "POST"
static char *uri; // "/index.html" things before '?'
static char *qs; // "a=1&b=2" things after '?'
static char *prot; // "HTTP/1.1"
static char *payload; // for POST
static int payload_size;
// get request header
char *request_header(const char* name)
{
header_t *h = reqhdr;
while(h->name) {
if (strcmp(h->name, name) == 0) return h->value;
h++;
}
return NULL;
}
void handle(int newsock)
{
//static int count = 0;
/* recv(), send(), close() */
int rcvd;
buf = malloc(65535);
rcvd=recv(newsock, buf, 65535, 0);
if (rcvd<0) // receive error
fprintf(stderr,("recv() error\n"));
else if (rcvd==0) // receive socket closed
fprintf(stderr,"Client disconnected unexpectedly.\n");
else // message received
{
buf[rcvd] = '\0';
//fputs(buf, stdout);
//fprintf(stdout, "count = %d\n", count);
method = strtok(buf, " \t\r\n");
uri = strtok(NULL, " \t");
prot = strtok(NULL, " \t\r\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\x1b[32m + [%s] %s\x1b[0m\n", method, uri);
if ((qs = strchr(uri, '?')))
{
*qs++ = '\0'; //split URI
} else {
qs = uri - 1; //use an empty string
}
header_t *h = reqhdr;
char *t = (char *)reqhdr;
char *t2;
while(h < reqhdr+16) {
char *k,*v;
k = strtok(NULL, "\r\n: \t");
if (!k)
break;
v = strtok(NULL, "\r\n");
while(*v && *v==' ')
v++;
h->name = k;
h->value = v;
h++;
fprintf(stderr, "[H] %s: %s\n", k, v);
t = v + 1 + strlen(v);
if (t[1] == '\r' && t[2] == '\n')
break;
}
t+=2;
t++; // now the *t shall be the beginning of user payload
t2 = request_header("content-length"); // and the related header if there is
payload = t;
payload_size = t2 ? atol(t2) : (rcvd-(t-buf));
fprintf(stdout, "-- payload len = %d >", payload_size);
fputs(payload, stdout);
fprintf(stdout, "<\r\n");
if (strcmp(method, "GET") == 0)
{
fprintf(stdout, "\nit's a GET!\r\n");
}
else if (strcmp(method, "POST") == 0)
{
fprintf(stdout, "\nit's a POST!\r\n");
}
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n");
send(newsock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
close(newsock);
free(buf);
}
}
int HTTPSERVER_init(const char *tcpport)
{
int sock;
struct addrinfo hints, *res;
int reuseaddr = 1; /* True */
sigset_t sigset, oldset;
sigfillset(&sigset);
pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigset, &oldset);
/* Get the address info */
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
if (getaddrinfo(NULL, tcpport, &hints, &res) != 0) {
perror("getaddrinfo");
return 1;
}
/* Create the socket */
sock = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
if (sock == -1) {
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
/* Enable the socket to reuse the address */
if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseaddr, sizeof(int)) == -1) {
perror("setsockopt");
return 1;
}
/* Bind to the address */
if (bind(sock, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
perror("bind");
return 1;
}
/* Listen */
if (listen(sock, BACKLOG) == -1) {
perror("listen");
return 1;
}
freeaddrinfo(res);
/* Main loop */
while (1) {
printf("waiting on accept\n");
fflush(stdout);
socklen_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
struct sockaddr_in their_addr;
int newsock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&their_addr, &size);
if (newsock == -1) {
perror("accept");
}
else {
printf("Got a connection from %s on port %d\n",
inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr), htons(their_addr.sin_port));
handle(newsock);
}
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
As pointed out by #eyllanesc, the pending strings "Hello world each second!\r\n" come out eventually after several seconds.
The moduleThread shoud be a thread and not a different process: this is verified by commadn "ps aux" that shows only "../program/testApp test 32001".
Could any of you kindly give me a hint on what is going on here please?
Thanks for your time,
Francesco

Why would recvfrom() used on a stream socket return a zero address and port?

I am using a Linux system, not a Windows system. I've posted some code, below. Please bear in mind that this code was never intended to be "production quality."
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 9909
void die ( const char *fmt, ... )
{
va_list vargs;
va_start( vargs, fmt );
vfprintf( stderr, fmt, vargs );
va_end( vargs );
exit( 1 );
}
int main ( int argc, char **argv )
{
/* *** */
int listener = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );
if( listener < 0 ) die( "socket(listener)" );
int flag = 1;
if( setsockopt( listener, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char*)&flag, sizeof(int) ) < 0 )
die( "setsockopt()" );
struct sockaddr_in svr_addr;
memset( &svr_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr) );
svr_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
svr_addr.sin_port = htons( PORT );
svr_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if( bind( listener, (struct sockaddr*)&svr_addr, (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr) ) < 0 )
die( "bind()" );
if( listen( listener, 10 ) < 0 )
die( "listen()" );
/* *** */
fd_set fd_master;
fd_set fd_select;
int fd_max = listener;
FD_ZERO( &fd_master );
FD_ZERO( &fd_select );
FD_SET( listener, &fd_master );
while( 1 )
{
fd_select = fd_master;
if( select( fd_max + 1, &fd_select, NULL, NULL, NULL ) < 0 )
die( "select()" );
for( int ifd = 0; ifd <= fd_max; ++ifd )
{
if( ! FD_ISSET( ifd, &fd_select ) ) continue;
struct sockaddr_in cli_addr; memset( &cli_addr, 0, sizeof(cli_addr) );
socklen_t cli_alen = sizeof(cli_addr);
if( ifd == listener )
{
int cli = accept( listener, (struct sockaddr*)&cli_addr, &cli_alen );
if( cli < 0 ) die( "accept()" );
FD_SET( cli, &fd_master );
if( cli > fd_max ) fd_max = cli;
printf( "new connection> %s:%u\n", inet_ntoa( cli_addr.sin_addr ), ntohs( cli_addr.sin_port ) );
fflush( stdout );
}
else
{
char buf[256];
cli_alen = sizeof(cli_addr);
ssize_t nbytes = recvfrom( ifd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&cli_addr, &cli_alen );
if( nbytes <= 0 )
{
close( ifd );
FD_CLR( ifd, &fd_master );
if( nbytes == 0 )
printf( "connection hung up> %u\n", ifd );
else
printf( "recvfrom() : %s\n", strerror( errno ) );
fflush( stdout );
}
else
{
// build a "from identifier" for each of the recipients
char msg[sizeof(buf) * 2];
sprintf( msg, "%s:%u> ", inet_ntoa( cli_addr.sin_addr ), ntohs( cli_addr.sin_port ) );
memcpy( msg + strlen( msg ), buf, nbytes );
nbytes += strlen( msg );
// send incoming data to all clients (excluding the originator)
for( int ofd = 0; ofd <= fd_max; ++ofd )
{
if( FD_ISSET( ofd, &fd_master ) )
if( ofd != listener && ofd != ifd )
if( send( ofd, msg, nbytes, 0 ) < 0 )
{ printf( "send() %s\n", strerror( errno ) ); fflush( stdout ); }
}
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
When the code is run and you connect from two or more clients (via telnet), each message shows the sender as "0.0.0.0" with a port of 0.
The Windows documentation for recvfrom() states "[t]he from and fromlen parameters are ignored for connection-oriented sockets." The Linux and POSIX documentation make no such claim and goes as far as to say that recvfrom() "...may be used to receive data on a socket whether or not it is connection-oriented." No where does it say that src_addr and addrlen will be ignored ... so I would expect these to be filled in.
On connected sockets you have to call getpeername and then carry on with your inet_ntoa (consider using inet_ntop instead as it supports multiple address families). As per the man pages:
int getpeername(int socket, struct sockaddr *restrict address, socklen_t *restrict address_len);
Nowhere does it say that src_addr and addrlen will be ignored.
That is simply untrue. It says
If src_addr is not NULL, and the underlying protocol provides the source address, this source address is filled in. [emphasis added]
You can argue about whether TCP can be said to provide the source address, but you can't claim 'nowhere does it say ...'.

Time the connect syscall

I would like to see how much time it takes for connect syscall. I get the code for a simple TCP client. However, the program will wait for the server to respond after connect. How can I make it return right after syscall or using some other ways to time the syscall time?
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int sockfd = 0, n = 0;
char recvBuff[1024];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
if(argc != 2) {
printf("\n Usage: %s <ip of server> \n",argv[0]);
return 1;
}
memset(recvBuff, '0',sizeof(recvBuff));
if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
printf("\n Error : Could not create socket \n");
return 1;
}
memset(&serv_addr, '0', sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(5000);
if(inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &serv_addr.sin_addr)<=0) {
printf("\n inet_pton error occured\n");
return 1;
}
if( connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
printf("\n Error : Connect Failed \n");
return 1;
}
printf("\nhello\n");
while ( (n = read(sockfd, recvBuff, sizeof(recvBuff)-1)) > 0) {
recvBuff[n] = 0;
if(fputs(recvBuff, stdout) == EOF) {
printf("\n Error : Fputs error\n");
}
}
if(n < 0)
{
printf("\n Read error \n");
}
return 0;
}
However, the program will wait for the server to respond after connect.
Yes, and it does so here:
while ( (n = read(sockfd, recvBuff, sizeof(recvBuff)-1)) > 0) {
recvBuff[n] = 0;
if(fputs(recvBuff, stdout) == EOF) {
printf("\n Error : Fputs error\n");
}
}
How can I make it return right after syscall
Err, remove the receive loop above?

Message queue/shared memory method

I have a bit of a problem in using IPC (inter-process communication) program below.
Please let me explain:
I want to pass Linux commands such as "ls" or "wc file.txt"
from a parent to a child to execute using the message queue, and
then have the child returning the command outputs back to
the parent process using shared memory method.
But this is what I got: The parent process always got the output 1 step behind;
in the following fashion:
Step1) ls file.txt
(Nothing showed up.)
Step2) wc file.txt
(Output of earlier command "ls file.txt" showed up here instead.)
Step 3) cat file.txt
(Output of earlier command "wc file.txt" showed up instead.)
Any help is appreciated.
To compile: gcc -o program ./program.c
To run: -./program -v
Code:
#define BUFSZ 512
#define ERRBUFSZ 512
#define TIMEOUT_TIMEDIO 20
#define SHM_SIZE 5120
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
static sigjmp_buf jmpbuf;
int timed_io(char* buf, int len, FILE* rfp, int sec);
static void sigalrm_handler(int signo);
void do_cmd(char *buf, int len, int linenum, char *errbuf);
int parse_cmd(char *buf, char **vbuf, char *errbuf);
int process_cmd_ipc(char *argv, int linenum, char *errbuf);
struct my_msgbuf {
long mtype;
char mtext[256];
};
static void sigalrm_handler(int signo)
{
siglongjmp(jmpbuf, 1);
}
int timed_io(char* buf, int len, FILE* rfp, int sec)
{
struct sigaction nsigaction[1];
struct sigaction osigaction[1];
int prev_alrm;
int st = 0;
if(sigsetjmp(jmpbuf, 1) == 0)
{
nsigaction->sa_handler = sigalrm_handler;
sigemptyset(&nsigaction->sa_mask);
nsigaction->sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
prev_alrm = alarm(0);
sigaction(SIGALRM, nsigaction, osigaction);
alarm(sec);
if (fgets(buf, len, rfp) == NULL)
st = -1; // EOF
buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 0;
}
else { st = -2; } // Time-out
alarm(0); // Reset old alarm and handler
sigaction(SIGALRM, osigaction, 0);
return st;
}
int process_cmd_ipc(char *argv, int linenum, char* errbuf)
{
struct my_msgbuf buf;
int msqid, msqid_parent, st, shmid, str_len;
key_t key, key_shm;
char* shared_buf;
FILE *fd;
// create key for shared memory segment
if ((key_shm = ftok("shm_key.txt", 'R')) == -1) {
perror("ftok");
exit(1);
}
// Connect to shared memory segment
if ((shmid = shmget(key_shm, SHM_SIZE, 0644 | IPC_CREAT)) == -1)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(1);
}
// Attach to shared memory segment
shared_buf = shmat(shmid, (void *) 0, 0);
if (shared_buf == (char *) (-1)) {
perror("shmat");
exit(1);
}
// End of shared memory section` //
// Begin: message queue section
pid_t cpid=fork();
if (cpid<0) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERR: \"fork\" error! (Line=%d)\n", linenum);
exit (-1);
} else if (cpid==0) // child process
{ // Begin: message queue
if ((key = ftok("mysh.c", 'B')) == -1) {
perror("ftok");
exit(1);
}
if ((msqid = msgget(key, 0644)) == -1) {
perror("msgget from child");
exit(1);
}
memset(buf.mtext, 0, sizeof(buf.mtext)); // Clear buffer
if(msgrcv(msqid, (struct msgbuf*) &buf, sizeof(buf), 0,0) == -1)
{
perror("msgrcv");
exit(1);
}
// End: message queue
// begin: shared memory segment
memset(shared_buf, 0, SHM_SIZE); // zeroize shared_buf
fd = popen(buf.mtext, "r");
str_len = 0;
while(fgets(shared_buf + str_len, SHM_SIZE, fd) != NULL)
{ str_len = strlen(shared_buf); }
pclose(fd);
// end: shared memory segment
}
else { // parent
// Begin - message queue
if ((key = ftok("mysh.c", 'B')) == -1) {
perror("ftok");
exit(1);
}
if ((msqid_parent = msgget(key, 0644 | IPC_CREAT)) == -1) {
perror("msgget from parent");
exit(1);
}
buf.mtype = 1;
strncpy(buf.mtext, argv, strlen(argv));
if(msgsnd(msqid_parent, (struct my_msgbuf*) &buf, strlen(buf.mtext), 0) == -1)
perror("msgsnd");
// End - message queue
// Begin - shared memory
// usleep(10000);
printf("%s", shared_buf);
// End - shared memory
} // if-else fork
}
int parse_cmd(char *buf, char **vbuf, char *errbuf)
{
int i=0;
char *delim=" ,\t\n";
char *tok;
tok=strtok(buf,delim);
while (tok) {
vbuf[i]=(char *)malloc(BUFSZ*sizeof(char));
strcpy(vbuf[i],tok);
tok=strtok(NULL,delim);
i++;
}
vbuf[i]=0;
return i;
}
void do_cmd(char *buf, int len, int linenum, char *errbuf) {
int i=0; int numargs;
char *vbuf[128];
char* copy = (char *) malloc(strlen(buf) + 1);
int maxargs=sizeof(vbuf)/sizeof(char *);
strcpy(copy, buf);
numargs = parse_cmd(copy,vbuf,errbuf);
process_cmd_ipc(buf,linenum, errbuf);
for (i=0;i<numargs; i++) { free(vbuf[i]); }
free(copy);
copy = NULL;
return;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i; int st; int linenum=0;
char *buf=(char *)malloc(BUFSZ*sizeof(char));
char *errbuf=(char *)malloc(ERRBUFSZ*sizeof(char));
char *mysh = "";
FILE *rfp=stdin;
if (isatty(fileno(rfp))) {
mysh = "mysh (Ctrl-C to exit)>";
fprintf(stderr,"%s",mysh);
}
while(1)
{
st = timed_io(buf, BUFSZ, stdin, TIMEOUT_TIMEDIO);
if (st != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERR: No input %s (Status=%d)\n", errbuf, st);
return -1;
}
else
{
linenum++;
if (*buf)
{ do_cmd(buf, BUFSZ, linenum,errbuf); }
if (mysh)
fprintf(stderr,"%s",mysh);
}
}
}

Net Link Linux User code bind socket call always fail for multicast group Id (non zero value)

Hi am trying to implement net link user code and kernel code every thing works fine for unicast (src_addr.nl_groups = 0;). For mulicast, user code bind call always fails for non zero src_addr.nl_groups value. Really am not sure what value to put for multicast and how to proceed further. I checked the usage of netlink_broadcast in kernel source tree, so I put the same group Id value (RTMGRP_LINK) here. For unicast I found good number of help in internet but for multicast I don't think so . So Please help me to proceed further.
Error am getting is:
bind: No such file or directory
./a.out: can't bind socket (3)and err : -1: No such file or directory
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#define NETLINK_TEST 28
#define GROUP_IB 1
#define MAX_PAYLOAD 1024
struct sockaddr_nl src_addr, dst_addr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct msghdr msg;
struct iovec iov;
int sock_fd;
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
int err;
sock_fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
if (sock_fd<0) {
char s[BUFSIZ];
sprintf( s, "%s: can't assign fd for socket", argv[0] );
perror(s);
return -1;
}
memset(&src_addr, 0, sizeof(src_addr));
src_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
src_addr.nl_pid = getpid();
src_addr.nl_groups = 0; // Unicast
//src_addr.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK; /* Multicast, bind call always fails for non zero values */
err = bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr));
perror("bind");
if (err<0) {
char s[BUFSIZ];
sprintf( s, "%s: can't bind socket (%d)and err : %d", argv[0], sock_fd,err );
perror(s);
return -1;
}
memset(&dst_addr, 0, sizeof(dst_addr));
nlh = (struct nlhmsghdr *) malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD);
msg.msg_name = (void *)&dst_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dst_addr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
printf("pid : %d\n Waiting for messages from kernel...\n",getpid());
recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
printf("Message : %s\n", NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
close(sock_fd);
return 0;
}
Netlink socket binds are sensitive to what USER you are- I've seen them reliably fail if you are not running the program in question as 'root', at least on RedHat 6.
Try running as root 1st, before changing your logic. If you get the same failure as you do in normal operation, then you know it isn't (necessarily) a permissions issue.
The issue is
sock_fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
Does you kernel module define the NETLINK_TEST family? your own family might must be supported at kernel module and it should post the message in the proper group using nlmsg_multicast()
RTMGRP_LINK is group defined in NETLINK_ROUTE.
This sample code is example for multicast
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MYPROTO NETLINK_USERSOCK
#define MYMGRP 21
int open_netlink(void)
{
int sock;
struct sockaddr_nl addr;
int group = MYMGRP;
sock = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, MYPROTO);
if (sock < 0) {
printf("sock < 0.\n");
return sock;
}
memset((void *) &addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
addr.nl_pid = getpid();
/* addr.nl_groups = MYMGRP; */
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
printf("bind < 0.\n");
return -1;
}
if (setsockopt(sock, 270, NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &group, sizeof(group)) < 0) {
printf("setsockopt < 0\n");
return -1;
}
return sock;
}
void read_event(int sock)
{
struct sockaddr_nl nladdr;
struct msghdr msg;
struct iovec iov;
char buffer[65536];
int ret;
iov.iov_base = (void *) buffer;
iov.iov_len = sizeof(buffer);
msg.msg_name = (void *) &(nladdr);
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(nladdr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
printf("Ok, listening.\n");
ret = recvmsg(sock, &msg, 0);
if (ret < 0)
printf("ret < 0.\n");
else
printf("Received message payload: %s\n", NLMSG_DATA((struct nlmsghdr *) &buffer));
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int nls;
nls = open_netlink();
if (nls < 0)
return nls;
while (1)
read_event(nls);
return 0;
}
kernel module:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <net/netlink.h>
#include <net/net_namespace.h>
#define MYPROTO NETLINK_USERSOCK
#define MYGRP 21
static struct sock *nl_sk = NULL;
static void send_to_user(void)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
char *msg = "Hello from kernel";
int msg_size = strlen(msg) + 1;
int res;
pr_info("Creating skb.\n");
skb = nlmsg_new(NLMSG_ALIGN(msg_size + 1), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!skb) {
pr_err("Allocation failure.\n");
return;
}
nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, 0, 1, NLMSG_DONE, msg_size + 1, 0);
strcpy(nlmsg_data(nlh), msg);
pr_info("Sending skb.\n");
res = nlmsg_multicast(nl_sk, skb, 0, MYGRP, GFP_KERNEL);
if (res < 0)
pr_info("nlmsg_multicast() error: %d\n", res);
else
pr_info("Success.\n");
}
static int __init hello_init(void)
{
pr_info("Inserting hello module.\n");
nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, MYPROTO, NULL);
if (!nl_sk) {
pr_err("Error creating socket.\n");
return -10;
}
send_to_user();
netlink_kernel_release(nl_sk);
return 0;
}
static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
pr_info("Exiting hello module.\n");
}
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

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