I have a RHEL (Redhat Enterprise Linux) v6.5 (Santiago) server. On this server if i do a df -help there are list of options available. I am interested in the option --total
However there is an older version of RHEL (v5.5). In which there is no --total option.
My question is, I have a command like this:
df -h --total | grep total | awk 'NR==1{print$2}+NR==1{print$3}+NR==1{print$4}+NR==1{print$5}'
which gives the output as
62G
39G
21G
66%
Where
62G is Total size of the Disk
39G is Used
21G is remaining
61% Total usage %
The above command is working fine in RHEL v6.5. But fails in RHEL v5.5 since it does not have a --total option for df command.
When i run the same command on RHEL v5.5 i get the below error:
df: unrecognized option `--total'
Try `df --help' for more information.
So is there a command that can give me the output in the following way:
Total Disk Space
Used Space
Remaining Disk space
Usage %
Ex:
62G
39G
21G
66%
You'll have to do the calculation work yourself.
Something like this awk script should work.
$ cat dftotal.awk
BEGIN {
map[0] = "K"
map[1] = "M"
map[2] = "G"
map[3] = "T"
}
function fmt(val, c) {
c=0
while (val > 1024) {
c++
val = val / 1024
}
return val map[c]
}
{
for (i=2;i<5;i++) {
sum[i]+=$i
}
}
END {
print fmt(sum[2]) ORS fmt(sum[3]) ORS fmt(sum[4])
print ((sum[3] / sum[2]) * 100) "%"
}
$ df -P | awk -f dftotal.awk
Related
I need to merge two outputs in Linux.
This:
lsblk -n -b --output KNAME,NAME,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT | grep -v "fd0" | grep -v "loop" | grep -v "sr0" | grep -v "hdc" | grep -v "cdrom"
In a result I have:
sda sda 53687091200
sda1 └─sda1 53684994048
dm-3 └─dockerVG-rootLV 53682896896 /
sdb sdb 2147483648000
sdb1 └─sdb1 2147482599424
dm-1 ├─hddVG-dockerLV 536866717696 /var/lib/docker
dm-2 └─hddVG-hddLV 1610612736000 /dockerhdd
sdc sdc 536870912000
sdc1 └─sdc1 536869863424
dm-0 └─ssdVG-ssdLV 536866717696 /dockerssd
And this:
df --exclude={tmpfs,devtmpfs,squashfs,overlay} | sed -e /^Filesystem/d | awk '{print $6 " " $1 " " $3 " " $4 " " $5}'
In a result I have:
/ /dev/mapper/dockerVG-rootLV 8110496 40591632 17%
/dockerssd /dev/mapper/ssdVG-ssdLV 214133656 274642488 44%
/dockerhdd /dev/mapper/hddVG-hddLV 83278236 1385191240 6%
/var/lib/docker /dev/mapper/hddVG-dockerLV 76046204 412729940 16%
So, I want to Join via these points /, /var/lib/docker, /dockerhdd, /dockerssd.
Important! I want to check this in another place, where we will have another mount points. Also I have to save structure of first output without sorting.
In a result I have to receive something like this:
sda sda 53687091200
sda1 └─sda1 53684994048
dm-3 └─dockerVG-rootLV 53682896896 / /dev/mapper/dockerVG-rootLV 8110496 40591632 17%
sdb sdb 2147483648000
sdb1 └─sdb1 2147482599424
dm-1 ├─hddVG-dockerLV 536866717696 /var/lib/docker /dev/mapper/hddVG-dockerLV 76046204 412729940 16%
dm-2 └─hddVG-hddLV 1610612736000 /dockerhdd /dev/mapper/hddVG-hddLV 83278236 1385191240 6%
sdc sdc 536870912000
sdc1 └─sdc1 536869863424
dm-0 └─ssdVG-ssdLV 536866717696 /dockerssd /dev/mapper/ssdVG-ssdLV 214133656 274642488 44%
Of course better to have one-liner, but if it is not possible, we can send output to separate files and join them. Could You please help me in this ?
Using awk:
awk '!/^\/&^fd0&^loop&^sr0&^hdc&^cdrom/ { print $0" "arr[$4] } /^Filesystem/ { mrk=1;next } mrk==1 && /^\// { arr[$1]=$0 }' <<< $(df --exclude={tmpfs,devtmpfs,squashfs,overlay};lsblk -n -b --output KNAME,NAME,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT)
Redirect the two commands back into awk, stripping out any grep and sed processing. We process the df command first and where we find a line beginning with "Filesystem" we set a marker (mrk) to 1 and move to the next line. We then create an array (arr) indexed with the mountpoint and containing the line returned from the df command. We move onto the lsblk command and search for the lines starting with the KNAMEs required. We print the line from the lsblk command and append the value in the arr array indexed by the mount point ($4)
Is there any option in perf to look into processes running on a particular cpu /core, and how much percentage of that core is taken by each process.
Reference links would be helpful.
perf is intended to do a profiling which is not good fit for your case. You may try to do sampling /proc/sched_debug (if it is compiled in your kernel). For example you may check which process is currently running on CPU:
egrep '^R|cpu#' /proc/sched_debug
cpu#0, 917.276 MHz
R egrep 2614 37730.177313 ...
cpu#1, 917.276 MHz
R bash 2023 218715.010833 ...
By using his PID as a key, you may check how many CPU time in milliseconds it consumed:
grep se.sum_exec_runtime /proc/2023/sched
se.sum_exec_runtime : 279346.058986
However, as #BrenoLeitão mentioned, SystemTap is quite useful for your script. Here is script for your task.
global cputimes;
global cmdline;
global oncpu;
global NS_PER_SEC = 1000000000;
probe scheduler.cpu_on {
oncpu[pid()] = local_clock_ns();
}
probe scheduler.cpu_off {
if(oncpu[pid()] == 0)
next;
cmdline[pid()] = cmdline_str();
cputimes[pid(), cpu()] <<< local_clock_ns() - oncpu[pid()];
delete oncpu[pid()];
}
probe timer.s(1) {
printf("%6s %3s %6s %s\n", "PID", "CPU", "PCT", "CMDLINE");
foreach([pid+, cpu] in cputimes) {
cpupct = #sum(cputimes[pid, cpu]) * 10000 / NS_PER_SEC;
printf("%6d %3d %3d.%02d %s\n", pid, cpu,
cpupct / 100, cpupct % 100, cmdline[pid]);
}
delete cputimes;
}
It traces moments when process is running on CPU and stops execution on that (due to migration or sleeping) by attaching to scheduler.cpu_on and scheduler.cpu_off probes. Second probe calculates time difference between these events and saves it to cputimes aggregation along with process command line arguments.
timer.s(1) fires once per second -- it walks over aggregation and calculates percentage. Here is sample output for Centos 7 with bash running infinite loop:
0 0 100.16
30 1 0.00
51 0 0.00
380 0 0.02 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
2016 0 0.08 sshd: root#pts/0 "" "" "" ""
2023 1 100.11 -bash
2630 0 0.04 /usr/libexec/systemtap/stapio -R stap_3020c9e7ba76838179be68cd2390a10c_2630 -F3
I understand that perf is not the proper way to do it, although you can limit perf per CPU, as using perf record -C <cpulist> or even perf stat -c <cpulist>.
The close you are going to see is the context-switch event, but, this is not going to provide you the application names at all.
I think you are going to need something more powerful, as systemtap.
I want to use systemtap for extracting details of my linux production server. my systemtap script is
global bt;
global quit = 0
probe begin {
printf("start profiling...\n")
}
probe timer.profile {
if (pid() == target()) {
if (!quit)
{
bt[backtrace(), ubacktrace()] <<< 1
}
else
{
foreach ([sys, usr] in bt- limit 1000)
{
print_stack(sys)
print_ustack(usr)
printf("\t%d\n", #count(bt[sys, usr]))
}
exit()
}
}
}
probe timer.s(20) {
quit = 1
}
When I start run this script with command
sudo stap --ldd -d $program_name --all-modules \
-D MAXMAPENTRIES=10240 -D MAXACTION=20000 -D MAXTRACE=40 \
-D MAXSTRINGLEN=4096 -D MAXBACKTRACE=40 -x $program_pid \
profile.stp --vp 00001 > profile.out
It fails, and prints following error:
ERROR: error allocating hash
ERROR: global variable 'bt' allocation failed
WARNING: /usr/bin/staprun exited with status: 1
my production server memory info is
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 16008 15639 368 0 80 3090
-/+ buffers/cache: 12468 3539
I think it is enough, because in my test server, there is only 2G memory, and the systemtap script runs well for another server
Unfortunately, this is intended behavior, see my discussion here: https://sourceware.org/ml/systemtap/2015-q1/msg00033.html
The problem is that SystemTap allocates associative arrays at once (to prevent allocation failures in future) and on per-cpu basis (to prevent locking), which means that bt will require (2 * MAXSTRINGLEN + sizeof(statistic)) * MAXMAPENTRIES * NR_CPU =~ 2 Gb if NR_CPU == 128.
Reduce MAXSTRINGLEN (which is set to 4k in your case) or size of bt array:
global bt[128];
I'm wondering how I can get the value of the second row, 4th column from df ("/"). Here's the output from df:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs 208G 120G 78G 61% /
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /root
fakefs 1.8T 1.3T 552G 70% /home4/user
fakefs 4.0G 1.3G 2.8G 31% /ramdisk/bin
fakefs 4.0G 1.3G 2.8G 31% /ramdisk/etc
fakefs 4.0G 1.3G 2.8G 31% /ramdisk/php
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /var/lib
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /var/lib/mysql
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /var/log
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /var/spool
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /var/run
fakefs 4.0G 361M 3.7G 9% /var/tmp
fakefs 208G 120G 78G 61% /var/cache/man
I'm trying to get the available free space (78GB) using perl which I'm fairly new to. I'm able to get the value using the following linux command but I've heard it's not necessary to use awk in perl at all because perl can do what awk can natively.
df -h | tail -n +2 | sed -n '2p' | awk '{ print $4 }'
I'm stumped. I tried using the Filesys::df module but when I'd print out the available usage percent, it'd give me a different value than what running df from command line does. Help is appreciated.
A little more succinctly:
df -h | perl -wlane 'print $F[3] if $. == 2;'
-w enable warnings
-l add newline to output(and chomps newline from input line)
-a splits the fields on whitespace into the #F array, which you access using the syntax $F[n] (first column is at index position 0)
-n puts the code inside the following loop:
LINE:
while (<>) {
... # code goes here
}
# <> reads lines from STDIN if no filenames are given on the command line
-e execute the string
$. current line number in the file (For the first line, $. is 1)
If you wish to do this all in perl, then:
df -h | perl -e 'while (<stdin>) { if ($. == 2) { #x = split; print $x[3] }}'
This uses perl alone to read the output of df -h and, for the second record ($. == 2) splits the record into fields, based on whitespace, and outputs field 3 (counting from 0).
This seems to work ok too:
df -h | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}'
Get the second line and pint fourth field.
How i can see memory usage by user in linux centos 6
For example:
USER USAGE
root 40370
admin 247372
user2 30570
user3 967373
This one-liner worked for me on at least four different Linux systems with different distros and versions. It also worked on FreeBSD 10.
ps hax -o rss,user | awk '{a[$2]+=$1;}END{for(i in a)print i" "int(a[i]/1024+0.5);}' | sort -rnk2
About the implementation, there are no shell loop constructs here; this uses an associative array in awk to do the grouping & summation.
Here's sample output from one of my servers that is running a decent sized MySQL, Tomcat, and Apache. Figures are in MB.
mysql 1566
joshua 1186
tomcat 353
root 28
wwwrun 12
vbox 1
messagebus 1
avahi 1
statd 0
nagios 0
Caveat: like most similar solutions, this is only considering the resident set (RSS), so it doesn't count any shared memory segments.
EDIT: A more human-readable version.
echo "USER RSS PROCS" ; echo "-------------------- -------- -----" ; ps hax -o rss,user | awk '{rss[$2]+=$1;procs[$2]+=1;}END{for(user in rss) printf "%-20s %8.0f %5.0f\n", user, rss[user]/1024, procs[user];}' | sort -rnk2
And the output:
USER RSS PROCS
-------------------- -------- -----
mysql 1521 1
joshua 1120 28
tomcat 379 1
root 19 107
wwwrun 10 10
vbox 1 3
statd 1 1
nagios 1 1
messagebus 1 1
avahi 1 1
Per-user memory usage in percent using standard tools:
for _user in $(ps haux | awk '{print $1}' | sort -u)
do
ps haux | awk -v user=${_user} '$1 ~ user { sum += $4} END { print user, sum; }'
done
or for more precision:
TOTAL=$(free | awk '/Mem:/ { print $2 }')
for _user in $(ps haux | awk '{print $1}' | sort -u)
do
ps hux -U ${_user} | awk -v user=${_user} -v total=$TOTAL '{ sum += $6 } END { printf "%s %.2f\n", user, sum / total * 100; }'
done
The first version just sums up the memory percentage for each process as reported by ps. The second version sums up the memory in bytes instead and calculates the total percentage afterwards, thus leading to a higher precision.
If your system supports, try to install and use smem:
smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS
gdm 1 0 308 323 820
nobody 1 0 912 932 2240
root 76 0 969016 1010829 1347768
or
smem -u -t -k
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS
gdm 1 0 308.0K 323.0K 820.0K
nobody 1 0 892.0K 912.0K 2.2M
root 76 0 937.6M 978.5M 1.3G
ameskaas 46 0 1.2G 1.2G 1.5G
124 0 2.1G 2.2G 2.8G
In Ubuntu, smem can be installed by typing
sudo apt install smem
This will return the total ram usage by users in GBs, reverse sorted
sudo ps --no-headers -eo user,rss | awk '{arr[$1]+=$2}; END {for (i in arr) {print i,arr[i]/1024/1024}}' | sort -nk2 -r
You can use the following Python script to find per-user memory usage using only sys and os module.
import sys
import os
# Get list of all users present in the system
allUsers = os.popen('cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd').read().split('\n')[:-1]
for users in allUsers:
# Check if the home directory exists for the user
if os.path.exists('/home/' + str(users)):
# Print the current usage of the user
print(os.system('du -sh /home/' + str(users)))