I got a service in an project using Spring framework.
public class MyServiceImpl implements IMyService {
public MyObject foo(SomeObject obj) {
MyObject myobj = this.mapToMyObject(obj);
myobj.setLastUpdatedDate(new Date());
return myobj;
}
private MyObject mapToMyObject(SomeObject obj){
MyObject myojb = new MyObject();
ConvertUtils.register(new MyNullConvertor(), String.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new StringConvertorForDateType(), Date.class);
BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj);
ConvertUtils.deregister(Date.class);
return myojb;
}
}
Then I got a class to call foo() in multi-thread;
There goes the problem. In some of the threads, I got error when calling
BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj);
saying Cannot invoke com.my.MyObject.setStartDate - java.lang.ClassCastException#2da93171
obviously, this is caused by ConvertUtils.deregister(Date.class) which is supposed to be called after BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj);.
It looks like one of the threads deregistered the Date class out while another thread was just about to call BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj);.
So My question is how do I make the private method mapToMyObject() thread safe?
Or simply make the BeanUtils thread safe when it's used in a private method.
And will the problem still be there if I keep the code this way but instead I call this foo() method in sevlet? If many sevlets call at the same time, would this be a multi-thread case as well?
Edit: Removed synchronized keyword since it is not neccessary, see comments below.
Instead of using the static methods in the BeanUtils class, use a private BeanUtilsBean instance (http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-beanutils/apidocs/org/apache/commons/beanutils/BeanUtilsBean.html). This way, you don't need to register/deregister your converters each time the method is called.
public class MyServiceImpl implements IMyService {
private final BeanUtilsBean beanUtilsBean = createBeanUtilsBean();
private static BeanUtilsBean createBeanUtilsBean() {
ConvertUtilsBean convertUtilsBean = new ConvertUtils();
convertUtilsBean.register(new MyNullConvertor(), String.class);
convertUtilsBean.register(new StringConvertorForDateType(), Date.class);
BeanUtilsBean beanUtilsBean = new BeanUtilsBean(convertUtilsBean);
return beanUtilsBean;
}
public MyObject foo(SomeObject obj) {
MyObject myobj = this.mapToMyObject(obj);
myobj.setLastUpdatedDate(new Date());
return myobj;
}
private MyObject mapToMyObject(SomeObject obj){
MyObject myojb = new MyObject();
beanUtilsBean.copyProperties(myojb , obj);
return myojb;
}
}
add a synchonized block to the sensitive portion of your code or synchronize the method:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/sync.html
Related
Unit test noob here.
I have three classes: Db1Dao, Db2Dao, ExecuteClass where Db1Dao, Db2Dao are database access objects for two different databases. My goal is to fetch some data from db1 using Db1Dao and run executeClass.execute() to "put" the processed data into db2 using Db2Dao.
My ExecuteClass looks like this:
class ExecuteClass {
private Db1Dao db1Dao;
private Db2Dao db2Dao;
public void execute() {
...
List<String> listOfString = getExternalData(someParam);
List<Metadata> metadatum = db1Dao.get(someInputs);
... I do something to generate a list of new class `A` based on listOfString & metadatum ...
try {
db2Dao.put(listOfA);
} catch (PutException e){
...
}
}
public List<String> getExternalData(SomeClass someParam){
... do something
return listOfString;
}
}
Now I want to test:
Given a specific listOfString (returned by getExternalData) and a specific metadatum (returned by db1Dao.get):
Will I get the desired listOfA?
Am I able to call db2Dao.put and its input parameter is listOfA?
Particularly, I have hard-coded sample listOfString and metadatum and desired listOfA (and they will be passed via an object MockData, see the following code) but I don't know how to write the test using Mockito. The following is a test class I wrote but it does not work:
class TestClass extends BaseTest {
#Mock
private Db1Dao db1Dao;
#Mock
private Db2Dao db2Dao;
private ExecuteClass executeClass;
#BeforeEach
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
executeClass = new ExecuteClass(db1Dao, db2Dao);
}
#ParameterizedTest
#MethodSource("MockDataProvider")
public void executeClassTest(final MockData mockData) throws PutException {
Mockito.when(db1Dao.get(Mockito.any(), ...))
.thenReturn(mockData.getMetadatum());
ExecuteClass executeClassSpy = Mockito.spy(executeClass);
Mockito.when(executeClassSpy.getExternalData(Mockito.any()))
.thenReturn(mockData.getListOfString());
executeClassSpy.execute();
// executeClass.execute(); not working neither...
List<A> listOfA = mockData.getDesiredListOfA();
Mockito.verify(db2Dao).put(listOfA);
}
}
Could anyone please let me know? Thank you in advance!!
You should not create a spy of the same class you want to test. Instead, try to write a unit test for the smallest amount of code (e.g. a public method) and mock every external operator (in your case Db1Dao and Db2Dao).
If testing a public method involves calling another public method of the same class, make sure to mock everything inside the other public method (in your case getExternalData). Otherwise, this other public method might be a good candidate for an extra class to have clear separation of concerns.
So, remove the ExecuteClass executeClassSpy = Mockito.spy(executeClass); and make sure you setup everything with Mockito what's called within getExternalData.
To now actually, verify that Db2Dao was called with the correct parameter, either use your current approach with verifying the payload. But here it's important to 100% create the same data structure you get while executing your application code.
Another solution would be to use Mockito's #Captor. This allows you to capture the value of why verifying the invocation of a mock. Later on, you can also write assertions on the captured value:
#Captor
private ArgumentCaptor<ClassOfListOfA> argumentCaptor;
#Test
public void yourTest() {
Mockito.verify(db2Dao).put(argumentCaptor.capture());
assertEquals("StringValue", argumentCaptur.getValue().getWhateverGetterYouHave);
}
The following code worked for me.
I partially accepted #rieckpil's answer. I used #Captor which is very handy.
The reason I had to mock getExternalData() is because its implementation is still a "TODO".
class TestClass extends BaseTest {
#Mock
private Db1Dao db1Dao;
#Mock
private Db2Dao db2Dao;
#Captor
private ArgumentCaptor<List<A>> argumentCaptor;
private ExecuteClass executeClass;
#BeforeEach
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
executeClass = new ExecuteClass(db1Dao, db2Dao);
}
#ParameterizedTest
#MethodSource("MockDataProvider")
public void executeClassTest(final MockData mockData) throws PutException {
Mockito.when(db1Dao.get(Mockito.any(), ...))
.thenReturn(mockData.getMetadatum());
ExecuteClass executeClassSpy = Mockito.spy(executeClass);
Mockito.when(executeClassSpy.getExternalData(Mockito.any()))
.thenReturn(mockData.getListOfString());
executeClassSpy.execute();
List<A> listOfA = mockData.getDesiredListOfA();
Mockito.verify(db2Dao).put(argumentCaptor.capture());
assertEquals(listOfA, argumentCaptor.getValue());
}
}
While writing a testCase for Controller class,The private method that is getServiceContext(). has different object because
one we are passing serviceContext from testclass and other object inside the controller class itself call itself.Due to this Foo object is null. how to resolve this.
public class Controller {
#Refernce
private FooService fooService;
public CustomData getDetails(String id){
Foo foo = fooService.getFoo(id ,**getServiceContext()**);
//getServiceContext() is different object
System.out.println("foo data>>>> "+foo); // **Throwing null pointer exceptions**
CustomData customData = new CustomData();
customData.setStudentName(foo.getName);
customData.setStudentName(foo.getId);
...
...
...
return customData;
}
private ServiceContext getServiceContext() {
ServiceContext serviceContext = new ServiceContext();
serviceContext.setCompanyId(context..);
serviceContext.setUserId(context..);
...
....
retrn serviceContext;
}
}
public class ControllerTest {
#InjectMocks
private Controller controller;
#Mock
private FooService fooService;
private Foo foo;
#BeforeEach
public void setUp() throws PortalException {
foo = mock(Foo.class);
}
#Test
public void getDetailsTest() throws Exception {
ServiceContext **serviceContext** = new ServiceContext();
serviceContext.setCompanyId(context..);
serviceContext.setUserId(context..);
...
....
Mockito.when(fooService.getFoo("testId",serviceContext)).thenReturn(foo);
System.out.println("Service context>>>> "+**serviceContext**); // different serviceContext object
CustomData customData = controller.getDetails("testId");
Assertions.assertThat(ss).isNotNull();
}
}
There are multiple ways to do that.
First, we can mock with anyOf(Type.class), that will actually match object type rather than value.
Mockito
.when(fooService.getFoo(Mockit.eq("testId"), Mockito.any(ServiceContext.class)))
.thenReturn(foo);
this will work as expected and return the desired value.
Additionally, if you want to check with what data serviceContext object is being passed as arg in service method, (as we just checked object type rather than value), We can use ArgumentCaptor for that.
It basically captures argument data which is being passed in the method call.
let's create ArgumentCaptor for service context
#Mock
private FooService fooService;
#Captor
private ArgumentCaptor<ServiceContext> captor;
Now, let's capture the argument during verification.
Mockito.verify(fooService).getFoo(Mockit.eq("testId"), captor.capture());
Assertions.assertEquals("value of x in context", captor.getValue().getX());
Basically here, captor.getValue() returns service context object which is being passed. So, you can verify all data you want to validate in that object.
Alternate, Approach would be Spy which will basically spy on the class under test and you can control the behavior of private methods in test class itself.
To do that, we need to add #Spy annotation along with #InjectMocks on test class.
#Spy
#InjectMocks
private Controller controller;
Now, you can mock the private method and return the expected value.
Mockito.doReturn(serviceContextValue).when(controller).getServiceContext();
and use that object for mocking fooService.
Mockito.verify(fooService).getFoo("testId", serviceContextValue);
But when using Spy, don't forget to write unit test for private method as it's mocked, it's business logic will not be tested by above test cases. that's a reason, it's not recommended way.
I would suggest using ArgumentCaptor approach.
Can we use Mockito to write tests for methods which implements repository calls? For example below method is using Named query to get eBooks from a Book Repository -
public RepositoryItem[] getEBooks(DynamoHttpServletRequest request) {
RepositoryItem[] results = null;
Repository rep = (Repository) request.resolveName("/atg/products/BookRepository");
try {
RepositoryItemDescriptor desc = rep.getItemDescriptor("Book");
RepositoryView view = desc.getRepositoryView();
if (view instanceof NamedQueryView) {
NamedQueryView nameView = (NamedQueryView) view;
ParameterSupportView pSupportView = (ParameterSupportView) view;
String queryName = "GetBooks";
Query namedQuery = nameView.getNamedQuery(queryName);
Object[] params = { "ebook" }; //book type
results = pSupportView.executeQuery(namedQuery, params);
}
} catch (RepositoryException e) {
logError(e.getMessage());
}
return results;
}
Thanks.
Yes you can. The question is though are you testing YOUR code or ATG in this instance?
Assuming your method above is contained in a class called GetBooks your test could look something like this:
#InjectMocks private GetBooks testObj;
#Mock private DynamoHttpServletRequest requestMock;
#Mock private Repository bookRepositoryMock;
#Mock private RepositoryItemDescriptor bookRepositoryItemDescriptorMock;
#Mock private GSAView bookRepositoryViewMock; //The only oddity here but GSAView is the common denominator for NamedQueryView and ParameterSupportView
#Mock private Query namedQueryMock;
#Mock private RepositoryItem resultRepositoryItem1, resultRepositoryItem2;
#BeforeMethod(groups = { "unit" })
public void setup() throws Exception {
testObj = new GetBooks();
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
Mockito.when(requestMock.resolveName("/atg/products/BookRepository")).thenReturn(bookRepositoryMock);
Mockito.when(bookRepositoryMock.getItemDescriptor("Book")).thenReturn(bookRepositoryItemDescriptorMock);
Mockito.when(bookRepositoryItemDescriptorMock.getRepositoryView()).thenReturn(bookRepositoryViewMock);
Mockito.when(bookRepositoryViewMock.getNamedQuery("GetBooks")).thenReturn(namedQueryMock);
List<RepositoryItem> resultArrayList = new ArrayList<RepositoryItem>();
resultArrayList.add(resultRepositoryItem1);
resultArrayList.add(resultRepositoryItem2);
Object[] params = { "ebook" }; //It may be simpler to test if this was a constant
Mockito.when(bookRepositoryViewMock.executeQuery(namedQueryMock, params)).thenReturn(resultArrayList.toArray(new RepositoryItem[resultArrayList.size()]));
}
#Test(groups = { "unit" })
public void testGetEBooks()throws Exception{
RepositoryItem[] result = testObj.getEBooks(requestMock);
Assert.assertTrue(result.length == 2); //What do you want to test?
}
This gives a greenbar when executed via TestNG. But what are you really testing here?
On a separate note. You should really use (protected) constants more since you'll then be able to use them in the package scope of your Mockito tests.
I need some help with this:
Example:
void method1{
MyObject obj1=new MyObject();
obj1.method1();
}
I want to mock obj1.method1() in my test but to be transparent so I don't want make and change of code.
Is there any way to do this in Mockito?
The answer from #edutesoy points to the documentation of PowerMockito and mentions constructor mocking as a hint but doesn't mention how to apply that to the current problem in the question.
Here is a solution based on that. Taking the code from the question:
public class MyClass {
void method1 {
MyObject obj1 = new MyObject();
obj1.method1();
}
}
The following test will create a mock of the MyObject instance class via preparing the class that instantiates it (in this example I am calling it MyClass) with PowerMock and letting PowerMockito to stub the constructor of MyObject class, then letting you stub the MyObject instance method1() call:
#RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
#PrepareForTest(MyClass.class)
public class MyClassTest {
#Test
public void testMethod1() {
MyObject myObjectMock = mock(MyObject.class);
when(myObjectMock.method1()).thenReturn(<whatever you want to return>);
PowerMockito.whenNew(MyObject.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(myObjectMock);
MyClass objectTested = new MyClass();
objectTested.method1();
... // your assertions or verification here
}
}
With that your internal method1() call will return what you want.
If you like the one-liners you can make the code shorter by creating the mock and the stub inline:
MyObject myObjectMock = when(mock(MyObject.class).method1()).thenReturn(<whatever you want>).getMock();
If you really want to avoid touching this code, you can use Powermockito (PowerMock for Mockito).
With this, amongst many other things, you can mock the construction of new objects in a very easy way.
No way. You'll need some dependency injection, i.e. instead of having the obj1 instantiated it should be provided by some factory.
MyObjectFactory factory;
public void setMyObjectFactory(MyObjectFactory factory)
{
this.factory = factory;
}
void method1()
{
MyObject obj1 = factory.get();
obj1.method();
}
Then your test would look like:
#Test
public void testMethod1() throws Exception
{
MyObjectFactory factory = Mockito.mock(MyObjectFactory.class);
MyObject obj1 = Mockito.mock(MyObject.class);
Mockito.when(factory.get()).thenReturn(obj1);
// mock the method()
Mockito.when(obj1.method()).thenReturn(Boolean.FALSE);
SomeObject someObject = new SomeObject();
someObject.setMyObjectFactory(factory);
someObject.method1();
// do some assertions
}
Both mocking of a new instance creation and static methods is possible without PowerMock in the latest mockito versions and junit5.
Take a look in the methods Mockito.mockConstruction() and Mockito.mockStatic().
In your case:
try (MockedConstruction<MyObject> myobjectMockedConstruction = Mockito.mockConstruction(MyObject.class,
(mock, context) -> {
given(mock.method1()).willReturn("some result"); //any additional mocking
})) {
underTest.method1();
assertThat(myobjectMockedConstruction.constructed()).hasSize(1);
MyObject mock = myobjectMockedConstruction.constructed().get(0);
verify(mock).method1();
}
You could avoid changing the code (although I recommend Boris' answer) and mock the constructor, like in this example for mocking the creation of a File object inside a method. Don't forget to put the class that will create the file in the #PrepareForTest.
package hello.easymock.constructor;
import java.io.File;
import org.easymock.EasyMock;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.easymock.PowerMock;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
#RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
#PrepareForTest({File.class})
public class ConstructorExampleTest {
#Test
public void testMockFile() throws Exception {
// first, create a mock for File
final File fileMock = EasyMock.createMock(File.class);
EasyMock.expect(fileMock.getAbsolutePath()).andReturn("/my/fake/file/path");
EasyMock.replay(fileMock);
// then return the mocked object if the constructor is invoked
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = new Class[] { String.class };
PowerMock.expectNew(File.class, parameterTypes , EasyMock.isA(String.class)).andReturn(fileMock);
PowerMock.replay(File.class);
// try constructing a real File and check if the mock kicked in
final String mockedFilePath = new File("/real/path/for/file").getAbsolutePath();
Assert.assertEquals("/my/fake/file/path", mockedFilePath);
}
}
If you don't prefer to use PowerMock, you may try the below way:
public class Example{
...
void method1(){
MyObject obj1 = getMyObject();
obj1.doSomething();
}
protected MyObject getMyObject(){
return new MyObject();
}
...
}
Write your test like this:
#Mock
MyObject mockMyObject;
#Test
void testMethod1(){
Example spyExample = spy(new Example());
when(spyExample.getMyObject()).thenReturn(mockMyObject);
//stub if required
doNothing().when(mockMyObject.doSomething());
verify(mockMyObject).doSomething();
}
You can do this by creating a factory method in MyObject:
class MyObject {
public static MyObject create() {
return new MyObject();
}
}
then mock that with PowerMock.
However, by mocking the methods of a local scope object, you are depending on that part of the implementation of the method staying the same. So you lose the ability to refactor that part of the method without breaking the test. In addition, if you are stubbing return values in the mock, then your unit test may pass, but the method may behave unexpectedly when using the real object.
In sum, you should probably not try to do this. Rather, letting the test drive your code (aka TDD), you would arrive at a solution like:
void method1(MyObject obj1) {
obj1.method1();
}
passing in the dependency, which you can easily mock for the unit test.
I have some code that put simply, sets an object to a state of PROCESSING, does some stuff, then sets it to SUCCESS. I want to verify that the PROCESSING save is done with the correct values.
The problem is when the verify() tests are performed, .equals() is called on the object as it is at the end of the test, rather than halfway through.
For example the code:
public void process(Thing thing) {
thing.setValue(17);
thing.setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
dao.save(thing);
doSomeMajorProcessing(thing);
thing.setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
dao.save(thing);
}
I want to test:
public void test() {
Thing actual = new Thing();
processor.process(actual);
Thing expected = new Thing();
expected.setValue(17);
expected.setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
verify(dao).save(expected);
// ....
expected.setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
verify(dao).save(expected);
}
On the first verify, actual.getStatus() is Status.SUCCESS, as Mockito just keeps a reference to the object and can only test it's value at the end.
I have considered that if a when(...) where involved then .equals() would be called at the correct time and the result would only happen if Thing was what I wanted it to be. However, in this case .save() returns nothing.
How can I verify that the object is put into the correct states?
Ok, I found a solution, but it's pretty horrible. Verify is no good to me because it runs too late, and stubbing is hard because the method returns a void.
But what I can do is stub and throw an exception if anything but the expected is called, while validating that something is called:
public void test() {
Thing actual = new Thing();
Thing expected = new Thing();
expected.setValue(17);
expected.setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
doThrow(new RuntimeException("save called with wrong object"))
.when(dao).saveOne(not(expected));
processor.process(actual);
verify(dao).saveOne(any(Thing.class));
// ....
expected.setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
verify(dao).saveTwo(expected);
}
private <T> T not(final T p) {
return argThat(new ArgumentMatcher<T>() {
#Override
public boolean matches(Object arg) {
return !arg.equals(p);
}
});
}
This infers that expected is called. Only drawback is that it'll be difficult to verify the method twice, but luckily in my case both DAO calls are to different methods, so I can verify them separately.
Why not just mock the Thing itself and verify that? eg:
public class ProcessorTest {
#Mock
private Dao mockDao;
#InjectMocks
private Processor processor;
#BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
initMocks(this);
}
public void test() {
Thing mockThing = Mockito.mock(Thing.class);
processor.process(thing);
verify(mockThing).setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
verify(mockThing).setValue(17);
verify(mockDao).save(mockThing);
verify(mockThing).setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
}
If you want to explicitly test the order in which these things happen, use an InOrder object:
public void inOrderTest() {
Thing mockThing = Mockito.mock(Thing.class);
InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mockThing, mockDao);
processor.process(mockThing);
inorder.verify(mockThing).setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
inorder.verify(mockThing).setValue(17);
inorder.verify(mockDao).save(mockThing);
inorder.verify(mockThing).setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
inorder.verify(mockDao).save(mockThing);
}
Mockito has a problem verifying mutable objects. There is an open issue about this (http://code.google.com/p/mockito/issues/detail?id=126)
Maybe you should switch to EasyMock. They use a record/playback pattern and do the verification at the time of the call in contrary to Mockito, where the verification happens after the call.
This Mockito version of the test has the mentioned problem:
#Test
public void testMockito() {
Processor processor = new Processor();
Dao dao = Mockito.mock(Dao.class);
processor.setDao(dao);
Thing actual = new Thing();
actual.setValue(17);
processor.process(actual);
Thing expected1 = new Thing();
expected1.setValue(17);
expected1.setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
verify(dao).save(expected1);
Thing expected2 = new Thing();
expected2.setValue(19);
expected2.setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
verify(dao).save(expected2);
}
This EasyMock version works fine:
#Test
public void testEasymock() {
Processor processor = new Processor();
Dao dao = EasyMock.createStrictMock(Dao.class);
processor.setDao(dao);
Thing expected1 = new Thing();
expected1.setValue(17);
expected1.setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
dao.save(expected1);
Thing expected2 = new Thing();
expected2.setValue(19);
expected2.setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
dao.save(expected2);
EasyMock.replay(dao);
Thing actual = new Thing();
actual.setValue(17);
processor.process(actual);
EasyMock.verify(dao);
}
In my example doSomeMajorProcessing sets value to 19.
private void doSomeMajorProcessing(Thing thing) {
thing.setValue(19);
}
After reviewing https://code.google.com/archive/p/mockito/issues/126
I was able to get my version of this working (Java 15, Mockito 3.6.28):
// ========= CODE ==========
public void process(Thing thing) {
thing.setValue(17);
thing.setStatus(Status.PROCESSING);
dao.save(thing);
doSomeMajorProcessing(thing);
thing.setStatus(Status.SUCCESS);
dao.save(thing);
}
// ========= TEST ==========
// ++++++ NOTE - put this at class level
private final Dao dao = mock(Dao.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(new ClonesArguments()));
public void test() {
Thing actual = new Thing();
processor.process(actual);
ArgumentCaptor<Thing> captor = ArgumentCaptor.for(Thing.class);
verify(dao, times(2)).save(captor.capture());
List<Things> savedCalls = captor.getAllValues();
assertEquals(Status.PROCESSING, savedCalls.get(0).getStatus());
assertEquals(Status.SUCCESS, savedCalls.get(1).getStatus());
}
Using argThat with a hamcrest Matcher should do the trick. The Matcher would match its passed thing if the thing has the PROCESSING status:
public class ProcessingMatcher extends BaseMatcher<Thing> {
#Override
public boolean matches(Object item) {
if (item instanceof Thing) {
return ((Thing) item).getStatus() == Status.PROCESSING;
}
return false;
}
#Override
public void describeTo(Description description) {
description.appendText(" has the PROCESSING status");
}
}
And then in your test, use the following code :
public class MyTest {
public void test() {
//...
mockDao.save(argThat(hasTheProcessingStatus()));
}
static ProcessingMatcher hasTheProcessingStatus() {
return new ProcessingMatcher();
}
}