I am rather new to Linux (using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64bit), coming from Windows, and am attempting to port over an existing CUDA project of mine.
When linking via
/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -arch=compute_30 -code=sm_30,compute_30 -o Main.o Display.o FileUtil.o Timer.o NeuralNetwork.o -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lGLEW -lglfw3 -lGL -lGLU -lcuda -lcudart
I encounter the following error:
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_clipboard.c.o): undefined reference to symbol 'XConvertSelection'
//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [CUDANN] Error 1
The answer seems closely related to the solutions in this post (Strange linking error: DSO missing from command line), though given my inexperience with Linux I was unable to adapt them to my own problem.
Any ideas on what the problem could be?
Here is the full output during compilation: https://gist.github.com/wbolden/857eddd11e4dcb915c02
And here is my attempt at a Makefile:
https://gist.github.com/wbolden/135033daae04ed0d8cf3
Hopefully this will be of help to those, like me, who are new to Linux and don't find anything related to Linux to be particularly obvious.
As noted by talonmies, I am not able to link indirectly and as such need to specify any additional libraries required by the libraries I am using. That is to say, if I link library A, which requires libraries B and C, I need to link all three libraries for the program to link correctly.
To find what other libraries were needed I used the pkg-config command, for which I found a guide here. Running pkg-config --print-requires --print-requires-private glfw3 gave the following output, which is the list of packages required by glfw3.
x11
xrandr
xi
xxf86vm
gl
I was then able to find what libraries I needed to include by running pkg-config --libs, followed by the name of the library. For example, pkg-config --libs x11 yielded -lX11.
Note: you can pass multiple items to pkg-config as input, so running
pkg-config --libs $(pkg-config --print-requires --print-requires-private glfw3)
will print out all the additional libraries you need to link (-lX11 -lXrandr -lXi -lXxf86vm -lGL).
My program now links successfully, I hope this helpful to anyone with a similar problem.
Your linker need X11 library,You need to specify -lX11 to linker
Try
/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -arch=compute_30 -code=sm_30,compute_30 -o Main.o Display.o FileUtil.o Timer.o NeuralNetwork.o -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lGLEW -lglfw3 -lGL -lGLU -lcuda -lcudart -lX11
Try to add -pthread at the end of the library list (command line) in the Makefile.
It worked for me.
Use the following commands to fix the issue:
FLAGS=-lX11 ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static
make
make install
Related
I did not get response from Qualcomm forum so I decided to post here. When I was trying to run examples of Halide for Hexagon by running make run as written in the document. Then I got the following issue. The -lc++abi is missing.
clang++ -std=c++11 -I /opt/qcom/Hexagon_SDK/4.3.0.0/tools/HALIDE_Tools/2.3.03/Halide/include -stdlib=libc++ -O3 -g -fno-rtti -rdynamic conv3x3_generator.cpp /opt/qcom/Hexagon_SDK/4.3.0.0/tools/HALIDE_Tools/2.3.03/Halide/lib/libHalide.a /opt/qcom/Hexagon_SDK/4.3.0.0/tools/HALIDE_Tools/2.3.03/Halide/tools/GenGen.cpp -o /opt/qcom/Hexagon_SDK/4.3.0.0/tools/HALIDE_Tools/2.3.03/Halide/Examples/build/offload/hexagon_benchmarks/bin/conv3x3.generator -lz -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lm
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc++abi
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
I checked the /usr/lib and find. So it should be there?
./x86_64-linux-gnu/libc++abi.so.1.0
./x86_64-linux-gnu/libc++abi.so.1
./llvm-10/lib/libc++abi.so.1.0
./llvm-10/lib/libc++abi.so.1
Did I miss anything or make anything stupid? Thanks!
ld is your system's host linker -- that's GNU BFD ld. clang++ must be in your PATH but it's the host clang++ and not the hexagon-clang++ that would be with Halide/Hexagon tools.
I contacted the person from Qualcomm. I am not supposed to use either /usr/bin/clang++ nor hexagon-clang++. I downloaded clang+llvm-7.0.1-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.xz from https://releases.llvm.org/7.0.1/. You should use clang++ under the bin folder after you extract it. Now it works for me.
I know this question has been asked many times before but I have been trying to get this working for days and none of the current answers solve my problem. I'd appreciate not being linked to this post: How to build & install GLFW 3 and use it in a Linux project Most of the answers I have seen redirect there but I have gone through it thoroughly and am still having problems.
I am running Linux Mint 17.1.
I have downloaded and built GLFW 3.1.1:
*Downloaded source; extracted; terminal to extract directory*
cmake .
make install
I have also downloaded the example program at http://www.glfw.org/docs/3.0/quick.html#quick_example
I am using the following build commands:
g++ -std=c++11 -c HelloGLFW.cpp
g++ HelloGLFW.o -o main.exec -lGL -lGLU -lglfw3 -lX11 -lXxf86vm -lXrandr -lpthread -lXi
The program compiles fine but when I try to link it I get these errors:
//usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_init.c.o): In function `initExtensions':
x11_init.c:(.text+0x1aeb): undefined reference to `XineramaQueryExtension'
x11_init.c:(.text+0x1b05): undefined reference to `XineramaIsActive'
//usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_init.c.o): In function `_glfwCreateCursor':
x11_init.c:(.text+0x21f9): undefined reference to `XcursorImageCreate'
x11_init.c:(.text+0x22d0): undefined reference to `XcursorImageLoadCursor'
x11_init.c:(.text+0x22e0): undefined reference to `XcursorImageDestroy'
//usr/local/lib/libglfw3.a(x11_monitor.c.o): In function `_glfwPlatformGetMonitors':
x11_monitor.c:(.text+0x6e9): undefined reference to `XineramaQueryScreens'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I have also gone through the instructions on the GLFW website but they seem to be quite lacking for Linux. I have gotten it working on Linux before but that was a year ago and I can't replicate it.
Can someone please let me know all the steps required to build a program with GLFW3 on Linux (including all dependencies required)?
When glfw3 was installed using cmake a file glfw3.pc was created along with it. This is a pkg-config file and lists what libraries are required for linking.
For me this file was located in /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
The command I used to successfully build the program with was:
g++ HelloGLFW.cpp -lglfw3 -lX11 -lXrandr -lXinerama -lXi -lXxf86vm -lXcursor -lGL -lpthread
The GLFW site does list details at http://www.glfw.org/docs/latest/build.html#build_link_pkgconfig but it's a bit unclear what to look for if you aren't that familiar with Linux systems.
Specificity the instructions list this command for compiling with the static glfw3 library:
cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --static --libs glfw3`
and with the dynamic glfw3 library:
cc `pkg-config --cflags glfw3` -o myprog myprog.c `pkg-config --libs glfw3`
I'm trying to compile a simple test program using static OpenCV libraries that have been compiled using an ARM compiler. But when I try to compile it with the command
$arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config --static opencv` -I/usr/local/include -L<path to static libary> -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core ARMtest2.cpp -o ARMtest2
This gives
/tmp/ccxNeUbK.o: In function main':
ARMtest2.cpp:(.text+0x8a): undefined reference tocv::Mat::ones(int, int, int)'
/tmp/ccxNeUbK.o: In function cv::Mat::~Mat()':
ARMtest2.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatD2Ev[_ZN2cv3MatD5Ev]+0x20): undefined reference tocv::fastFree(void*)'
/tmp/ccxNeUbK.o: In function cv::Mat::release()':
ARMtest2.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv[_ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv]+0x30): undefined reference tocv::Mat::deallocate()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The code itself is just some simple test code that prints a Mat type variable.
I compiled the static OpenCV library with cmake-gui. I selected UNIX Makefile and then selected 'specify options for cross-compiling' where I gave the path to the ARM (arm-linux-gnueabihf) gcc and g++ compiler. Then I unticked BUILD_SHARED_LIB so it compiled static libraries. It seemed to compile fine without errors. After that I did make & sudo make install.
I also tried it with shared libraries and that worked fine on the ARM board (once I copied the libraries to the board and exported the library path).
The static .a files landed nicely in the build folder. Apparently it can also find it when I -L link to it. I have tried reversing the order of the libraries, but to no avail.
So I'm a bit at a loss what is going wrong.
I solved it. Using the normal --static pkg-config command to compile with OpenCV libraries;
`pkg-config --libs --static opencv`
Of course I installed the static libraries also to the folder /usr/local/lib where libraries get installed first. But still i don't know what I missed in the command line I tried to use. I had a look in the config file /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/opencv.pc
Here is whats in it:
# Package Information for pkg-config
prefix=/usr/local
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include
Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 2.4.9
Libs: ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_calib3d.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_contrib.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_core.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_features2d.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_flann.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_gpu.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_highgui.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_imgproc.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_legacy.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_ml.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_nonfree.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_objdetect.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_ocl.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_photo.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_stitching.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_superres.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_ts.a ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_video.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_videostab.so -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl
Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}
I believe this is what is being called with the pkg-config <--something_or_other> opencv line.
And saw some other things that probably get linked when compiling -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl Not really sure though as I tried it ina normal command line and I apparently still missed somethings.
But it worked, so didn't really bother too much with it much further :)
In your command:
*$arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config --static opencv` -I/usr/local/include -L<path to static libary> -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core ARMtest2.cpp -o ARMtest2*
The cflags was missing.
Try with:
$arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config --cflags --static opencv` -I/usr/local/include -L<path to static cross-compiled libary> -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core ARMtest2.cpp -o ARMtest2
Assuming here that your cross-compiled headers are saved in /usr/local/include (as you specified).
I'm trying to use std.net.curl on 32-bit Ubuntu Linux (11.10 Ocelot) using DMD 2.058.
When I build (dmd source.d) I get:
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticCtor30FZv':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticCtor30FZv+0x6): undefined reference to `curl_global_init'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticDtor31FZv':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4Curl19_sharedStaticDtor31FZv+0x4): undefined reference to `curl_global_cleanup'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl_12fd_140.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4HTTP4Impl6__dtorMFZv':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4HTTP4Impl6__dtorMFZv+0x12): undefined reference to `curl_slist_free_all'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.6.1/../../../../lib/libphobos2.a(curl_12fd_140.o): In function `_D3std3net4curl4HTTP3dupMFZS3std3net4curl4HTTP':
std/net/curl.d:(.text._D3std3net4curl4HTTP3dupMFZS3std3net4curl4HTTP+0x53): undefined reference to `curl_slist_append'
[snip]
I added -L-lcurl to my command line (full command: dmd source.d -L-lcurl) but I get the exact same result. I have libcurl4-openssl installed. I can build a simple C curl program on this computer without issue (gcc simple.c -lcurl). I'm not sure where to look from here to figure this out.
Update: Here is how the linker is invoked according to dmd -v:
gcc source.o -o source -m32 -lcurl -Xlinker -L/usr/lib -Xlinker -L/usr/lib64 -Xlinker --no-warn-search-mismatch -Xlinker --export-dynamic -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lrt
As you yourself discovered, the order of libraries is incorrect. A quote from "An Introduction to GCC": "A library which calls an external function defined in another library should appear before the library containing the function." In your case libphobos calls external library's (libcurl) function(s), so I guess libphobos should go before libcurl.
The book is available online. Chapter related to the OT is here: http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/gccintro/gccintro_18.html
The DMD compiler is clearly broken in this respect. I published a patch to fix it (maybe not the best) but the maintainer of the compiler is not convinced this needs to be fixed at all so there is no much discussion about it.
https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/dmd/pull/497
http://d.puremagic.com/issues/show_bug.cgi?id=7044
Seemingly the simplest way to fix the phobos2/curl linker order problem, as mentioned elsewhere in this thread:
dmd source.d -L-lphobos2 -L-lcurl
Works like a charm for me.
I figured out if I obtain the linker command through -v and reorder it so the -lcurl is at the end it links without issue.
gcc source.o -o source -m32 -Xlinker -L/usr/lib -Xlinker -L/usr/lib64 -Xlinker --no-warn-search-mismatch -Xlinker --export-dynamic -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lrt -lcurl
I'm still curious if there is a way to fix this without manually running the linker.
I have downloaded the latest GLUI source code and now I am trying to compile it. When I do so, I get the following error:
g++ -O0 -Wall -pedantic -I./ -I./include -I/usr/X11R6/include -o bin/example1 example/example1.cpp -L./lib -lglui -L/usr/X11R6/lib/libXdmcp.a -lglut -lGLU -lGL -lXmu -lXext -lX11 -lXi -lm
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXmu
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
When I did a locate libXmu, I get the following output:
> %:~/src/GLUI/src$ locate libXmu
> /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6
> /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6.2.0
> /usr/lib/libXmuu.so.1
> /usr/lib/libXmuu.so.1.0.0
Do I get the error because I don't have a /usr/lib/libXmu.so? If this is the case, how can I make one? (I am not experienced with linking at all).
Thanks!
Linux distributions usually package the libraries needed for running programs separately from the files needed to build programs.
Look for packages named *-devel or *-dev.
I don't know which one you need in particular for this, but you can use apt-cache search to look for it.
The answer was actually one of the first ones here originally but the owner deleted it, it seems. I was able to solve the problem by creating a symbolic link to the latest version of the library (i.e. /usr/lib/libXmu.so.6) and compile the code successfully.
I had the same problem, if creating a symbolic link doesnt help,
try the following:
Print your $PATH ("echo $PATH"),
and check if the library file you need is in one of those directories.
Use "export PATH=/newly/added/path:$PATH" to add new directory to check.
Ive been including libevent, added "-levent" in the gcc command, and ld used file /usr/lib/libevent.so, so it looks like the "lib" prefix and extension are being added automatically by ld.
Keep it up.