Enterprise Architect Relationships - uml

This is a generic post aimed at clarifying the differences among the relationships in Enterprise Architect.
There are a lot of relationships, such as association, dependency, realization, etc.
It would be probably very useful to get a clear overview for each so that it would be better understood and used in the most proper way.
If you have a best practice on the topic, please enrich our knowledge with your answer.

This question related to UML notation, not only to Sparx EA.
So, I suggest to check UML2 documentation, for example you can start from wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_diagram#Links

Related

When should I use OMT instead of UML- class diagram in practice?

Although I found an article about OMTvs. UML I can't figure out the consequences of using OMT instead of UML- class diagram. What are the benefits of OMT compared to UML- class diagram? As far I know I can depict a class diagram in nearly the same way than this is done by using UML, or are there any known circumstances where only OMT is able to illustrate a specific context? And a bit more interesting question is, what are the criteria used to select between the two modeling tools?
To my knowledge nobody uses OMT anymore. It was superceded by UML; James Rumbaugh was principal in the development of both and a lot of OMT's concepts went straight into UML. So you'd be hard pressed to even find a tool that supports OMT today.
As to the selection criteria, there are two main ones when you choose any form of documentation: is it suitable for what you want to express, and will the audience understand it?
With UML, which is standardized by OMG and for which there are several tools available, the answer might (!) be Yes. With OMT, which is obsolete, it's most likely No.

How do you capture questions that need to be answered in UML?

Regardless of the tool being used e.g. EA Sparx, Visual Paradigm, etc how do you capture questions raised during analysis or modeling?
Do you simply use notes or is there a standard approach? For example how do I capture the question "Is there a need to backup data to an off or on premise vendor?"
There is whole books about these topics (esp. Robertson& Robertson, Mastering the Requirements Process, ISBN-13: 978-0321815743) so I seriously doubt that there will be a short answer here that extensively covers your question.
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What do you mean by "questions that need to be answered in UML"? There is of course scenarios where a UML notations is very useful. But it remains one modeling language of many, and there is alternatives not only regarding the tool but also regarding the notation.
Edit
For open questions, you probably best use diagram notes as you suggested yourself.
But that is a UML-internal view. I'd use an issue tracker like Atlassian Jira to have a better overview and all kinds of better usability. You can then use an add-in to sync with EA.
Normally, your questions will result from requirements. You can put your open questions into the "notes" field of requirement elements.
UML does not provide any diagram type to capture requirements so you'll have to rely on modeling non-UML requirement elements.
The requirement elements in Sparx EA are not (!) standardized but a proprietary solution by Sparx. They are somewhat similar to the Requirements Diagram in OMG SysML (Systems Modeling language).
The two highest priced editions of EA do also offer SysML support where you can explicitly create such requirement diagrams using the correct SysML syntax.
SysML is an extension to UML, so they'll work fine together. You can also create <<trace>> relationships.
For the other editions of EA there is a SysML plugin. The same is true for MagicDraw.
I found a method in which documents can be captured using EA Sparx. Hopefully it helps someone in the future - Requirements Gathering

UML extensions for AOP

While full-blown AOP has not hit the mainstream yet, simpler versions of AOP based on interceptions, filters, annotations etc. certainly have.
It has been a while since I looked at UML standard and tools. So, I wonder what are the ways to represent AOP constructs in UML?
There are plenty of profiles for defining aspect-oriented systems in UML. What I don't know is whether any of them have been integrated into a well-known UML tool since most (all?) of them come from the research community.
Apart from just searching in google with the keywords "aspect profile UML", you can take a look at the papers published in the series of Aspect modeling workshops: http://www.aspect-modeling.org/
Dan,
This Wikipedia article: Aspect-Oriented Software Development has some models created using Motorola WEAVR. WEAVR proposes an UML profile that works with class and state machine diagrams. A lot of work is being realized on Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM). You could look at AOSD 2013 Conference too.

UML standards guide / Best Practices [closed]

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Does anyone know of a decent UML standards guide?
My company currently relies on UML 2.0 (rightly or wrongly) to do the majority (read all) of their design work. I have been asked to come up with a draft 'best practice' guide to help other developers develop better models. The main problem I face is that Im slightly biased against UML... I feel that: if a diagram takes more than 5 mins to draw then its too complicated! Im looking for advice predominantly on what sort of standards I should be looking at. Also Im looking for an external source of information that can be used to balence out my irrational loathing of UML-heavy design and act as a 'sanitizer' for my suggestions.
Most of all Im looking to write a useful document rather than one that will sit moulding away in some obscure network directory.
Any ideas?
UML Distilled by Martin Fowler
Like Paul C, I recommend UML Distilled. It is primarily about UML, but it contains a lot of insight about design in general (although it insists a bit too much on index cards IMO), it is short, pleasant to read, and to the point.
I strongly recommend against UML in a Nutshell. It is the worst O'Reilly book I have: insanely dense, hard to read and meandering. Not worth the paper it is printed on.
We are not talking about a book that says how to use UML, but rather a style or standards guide of some sort. Enter, UML profiles... This can get you both the standardization and reduced complexity you are looking for. You can limit the relationships and elements which can be used. You can also require certain things. A large company may choose to focus on the assets and data movement and limit it's standardized diagrams to this view. However, a company making real-time software for tanks might focus on action or flow.
The whole point of UML is that it is not specific and useful for every kind of situation. Martin Fowler and Elements of style books will not reduce diagramming time and increase comprehension. You need standardized profiles or patterns for than. I have seen it work, to the point that the business can read them. Many tools allow you to create a profile which eases learning curve for the designers and reduces drawing time.
MDA Distilled (OMG Press) is a good book if you want to understand the concepts, but it is not needed.
Really, UML Profiles. You don't want a standard because your company or your need is different. A standard for Web Services does not work for real-time or financial services.
Buy everyone a copy of The Elements of UML 2.0 Style. Job done.
For a quick reference on how to compose individual UML diagrams, I heartily recommend The Elements of UML Style 2.0 and I put my money where my recommendation lies by purchasing the 2nd edition to replace my 1st ed.
Apart from this recommendation, I think the most important thing in a company when introducing any style guide is to have a local feedback mechanism where people can post comments on which aspects of the style guide work for them, especially when you're using an official printed guide. A wiki or similar casual repository should suffice for this.
I also suggest highlighting diagrams which were particularly good examples (or bad ones, if the team humor could take it). Consider a framed Diagram of the Week like the Employee of the Week you see in so many stores. That gives a gentle reminder that diagram readability is taken seriously but hopefully with enough fun to get more buy-in to the concept.
I know you probably want an easy to read book for this but from what you are describing I would suggest going with the specs found on OMG itself. They are a bit much to read but would be as complete as you could hope for. They also have lonks to articles and tutorials that may be helpful.
As far as books go I have found that Using UML is quite good since it tackles the software development process as well as the UML tools and methods.

What's the best UML diagramming tool? [closed]

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I'm trying to choose a tool for creating UML diagrams of all flavours. Usability is a major criteria for me, but I'd still take more power with a steeper learning curve and be happy. Free (as in beer) would be nice, but I'd be willing to pay if the tool's worth it. What should I be using?
Some context: Recently for graduate school I researched UML tools for usability and UML comprehension in general for an independent project. I also model/architect for a living.
The previous posts have too many answers and not enough questions. A common misunderstanding is that UML is about creating diagrams. Sure, diagrams are important, but really you are creating a model. Here are the questions that should be answered as each vendor product/solution does some things better than others. Note: The listed answers are my view as the best even if other products support a given feature or need.
Are you modeling or drawing? (Drawing - ArgoUML, free implementations, and Visio)
Will you be modeling in the future? (For basic modeling - Community editions of pay products)
Do you want to formalize your modeling through profiles or meta-models? OCL? (Sparx, RSM, Visual Paradigm)
Are you concerned about model portability, XMI support? (GenMyModel, Sparx, Visual Paradigm, Altova)
Do you have an existing set of documents that you need to work with? (Depends on the documents)
Would you want to generate code stubs or full functioning code?(GenMyModel, Visual Paradigm, Sparx, Altova)
Do you need more mature processes such as use case management, pattern creation, asset creation, RUP integration, etc? (RSA/RSM/IBM Rational Products)
Detailed Examples: IBM Rational Software Architect did not implement UML 2.0 all the way when it comes to realizes type relationships when creating a UML profile, but Visual Paradigm and Sparx got it right.
Ok, that was way too detailed, so a simpler example would be ArgoUML, which has no code generation features and focuses on drawing more than the modeling aspect of UML. Sparx and Visual Paradigm do UML really well and generate code well, however, hooking into project lifecycles and other process is where RSM/RSA is strong.
Watch out for closed or product specific code generation processes or frameworks as you could end up stuck with that product.
This is a straight brain dump so a couple details may not be perfect, however, this should provide a general map to the questions and solutions to looking into.
NEW - Found a good list of many UML tools with descriptions. Wiki UML Tool List
For sequence diagrams, only, try websequencediagrams.com. It's a freemium (free for the basic tasks, paid for advanced features) product, and lets you quickly bang out a diagram without any fussing around with lines and stencils.
Alice->Bob: Authentication Request
note left of Bob: Bob thinks about it
Bob->Alice: Authentication Response
For me it's Enterprise Architect from Sparx Systems. A very rounded UML tool for a very reasonable price.
Very strong feature list including: integrated project management, baselining, export/import (including export to html), documentation generation from the model, various templates (Zachman, TOGAF, etc.), IDE plugins, code generation (with IDE plugins available for Visual Studio, Eclipse & others), automation API - the list goes on.
Oh yeah, don't forget support for source control directly from inside the tool (SVN, CVS, TFS & SCC).
I would also stay away from Visio - you only get diagrams, not a model. Rename a class in one place in a UML modelling tool and you rename in all places. This is not the case in Visio!
For my simple & short UML working,
I've used this tool:
StarUML - http://staruml.sourceforge.net/en/
Great free software for UML drawing.
Although the original Star UML is no longer maintained, there's now a fork called White Star UML, which is actively developed.
As I usually use UML more as a communication tool rather than a modeling tool I sometimes have the need to flex the language a bit, which makes the strict modeling tools quite unwieldy. Also, they tend to have a large overhead for the occasional drawing. This also means I don't give tools that handle round-trip modeling well any bonus points. With this in mind...
When using Visio, I tend to use these stencils for my UMLing needs (the built in kind of suck). It could be that I have grown used to it as it is the primary diagramming tool at my current assignment.
OmniGraffle also has some UML stencils built in and more are available at Graffletopia, but I wouldn't recommend that as a diagramming tool as it has too many quirks (quirks that are good for many things, but not UML). Free trial though, so by all means... :)
I've been trying out MagicDraw a bit, but while functional, I found the user interface distracting.
Otherwise i find the Topcased an interesting project (or group of projects). Last I used it it still had some bugs, but it worked, and seems to have evolved nicely since. Works great on any Eclipse-enabled platform. Free as in speech and beer :)
As for the diagramming tool Dia, it's quite ugly (interface and resulting drawings), but it does get the job done. An interesting modeling tool free alternative is Umbrello, but I haven't really used it much.
I definitely agree with mashi that whiteboards are great (together with a digital camera or cellphone).
Probably some of the nicest tools I've used belong to the Rational family of tools.
You may be looking for an automated tool that will automatically generate a lot of stuff for you. But here's a free, generally powerful diagramming tool useful not only for UML but for all kinds of diagramming tasks. It accepts as input and outputs to a wide variety of commonly used file formats. It's called yEd, and it's worth a look
Visual Paradigm for UML http://content.usa.visual-paradigm.com/websiteimages/images/products/vpuml60/vpumltitle.gif
I'm very fond of Visual Paradigm for UML It's very powerful and has a free Community Edition and cheap Personal Edition as well.
Agilian http://content.usa.visual-paradigm.com/websiteimages/images/products/ag10/agtitle.gif
For Agile modeling there's also Agilian which is a bit more flexible, adds extra features to support smartboards and knows mind-mapping as well.
The thing I like most about their products is the flexibility. I'm using Enterprise Architect at work nowadays but I think it's not smart enough. I want to be able to quick-brainstorm some sequence diagrams and have the application keep my model up-to-date in the background, something VPUML does a very good job at.
In my opinion it's way better than Enterprise Architect, though that is a great tool as well :)
Take a look at BOUML: multiplatform (QT), works pretty well and supports colaborative work.
BOUML is a free UML 2 tool box (under development) allowing you to specify and generate code in C++, Java, Idl, Php and Python.
BOUML runs under Unix/Linux/Solaris, MacOS X(Power PC and Intel) and Windows.
From Wikipedia:
The releases prior to version 4.23 are free software licensed under GPL. BOUML 5 and later is proprietary software.
If you're looking to get out the door and working on UML without having to learn a complex new tool I would check out Violet UML. I've used it to some pretty great success in the past.
PlantUML is an open-source markup-language-to-UML-diagram tool in Java that deserves to be mentioned here. It ranks high on the usability scale because of its intuitive syntax for the various diagrams and diagram components.
Dia is a possible choice. It's definitely not the best tool, but it is functional.
Enterprise Architect from Sparx systems is the best tool I've used. A bit expensive at $199 (professional edition), but IMO it's worth it.
I will add UMLet which I haven't tried yet, but have been selected at my office to start doing diagrams.
Looks simple, diagrams aren't sexy, but it seems quite complete with regard to the kind of diagrams you can do. Seems to have good export capabilities too (important!), is flexible can support custom components) and can be used as Eclipse plugin.
Astah UML (ex-JUDE) is pretty good.
I haven't been able to find a top-notch free UML diagramming tool, but if you're interested in pure diagramming, as opposed to round-trip-engineering, I'd go with Microsoft Visio. If you want full round-trip engineering, Rational Rose.
This list of UML tools on Wikipedia might also come in handy.
Pen and paper. If you can get the scan into a vector format, that may be useful when making minor amendments.
You should try Creately. Runs in your browser and can do team collaboration.
supports sequence diagrams, class, ER, usecase etc. works great and has a free version available.
Creately.com
You can also check out Lucid Chart for uml and other types of diagramming.
Don't forget yuml.me, I love it.
http://plantuml.sourceforge.net/index.html
In my practice i use Sequence Diagram Editor. it is really fast and helpful tool. the one thing i don't like about it is that it is commercial product, not free.
I like VisualParadigm mentioned before in this thread. It's powerful and easy to use I think it gives most power comparing to other tools.
If you need something simple, quick and easy (and free) there is a great tool called UMLet - I highly recommend this. I've tried many of UML diagramming tools and this the simplest one (and it still allows to do great diagrams). This is my choice:)
Obviously if you are serious about UML in the long run you need to use a software UML tool like the ones suggested in the other answers, but I've found that a whiteboard is one of the best tools for UML diagramming, especially during the design phase, or when you are exploring different alternatives. Nothing beats a whiteboard for speed/flexibility in my mind. They are also great for collaboration assuming you are collocated physically.
In my opinion StarUML is the best.
I can't believe no one has mentioned NetBeans UML Editor, it's great and satisfied all of my Java based UML requirments.
This after I tested JDeveloper UML, ArgoUML and StarUML.
I recently conducted a poll "What UML Tools do you use?" in my blog. NetBeans UML was was the top opensource choice and Enterprise Architect was the top commercial choice.
You can create UML class, sequence, component, use case, and activity diagrams in Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate. You can link these diagrams to Team Foundation work items so you can plan and track development and test work. You can also create sequence, dependency graphs, and layer diagrams from code and use Architecture Explorer to browse and explore your solution.
I've posted more links on my profile for more info.
You might want to take a look at MagicDraw or Visual Paradigm for UML. Both offer community editions that, of course, don't span the full feature range, but may well be sufficient if you want to create diagrams only and not generate code or do full round-trip engineering.
Rational and Together/J are best-of-breed products, but expensive.
In my experience, I've enjoyed Eclipse Omondo and Sparx Enterprise Architect. Omondo integrates nicely with Eclipse for code generation, and has a very intuitive feel. However, it is strongly tied to Java. Sparx is a good tool for the price point, but lacks the full range of UML 2.0 diagrams.
Do NOT bother with Poseidon. It is buggy, bloated, and unusuable for all intents and purposes.
For sequence diagrams you can also try Trace Modeler. It's not free but it has a great interface, very friendly and productive. You can use it on any platform.

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