In order to manager blackouts, in my crontab, I would like to automate the following task: "to comment rows that contain my_string".
And after that, another command (or script) to remove these comments.
Thank you!
You want to write a script that comment out some lines of the file /etc/crontab, I suppose, and you are inside of a Linux-alike environment: right?
Issue next command:
sudo sed -i /etc/crontab -e '/my_string/s/^/#/'
To remove the comment, issue:
sudo sed -i /etc/crontab -e '/my_string/s/^#//'
You don't need to restart the cron service after that.
Thanks to Pierre et my friend Wildemar, here is a method:
To put the comments
crontab -l | sed '/my_string/s/^/#/' > cron_temp
crontab cron_temp
rm cron_temp
To remove the comments
crontab -l | sed '/my_string/s/#//' > cron_temp
crontab cron_temp
rm cron_temp
Related
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I've been given sudo access on one of our development RedHat linux boxes, and I seem to find myself quite often needing to redirect output to a location I don't normally have write access to.
The trouble is, this contrived example doesn't work:
sudo ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
I just receive the response:
-bash: /root/test.out: Permission denied
How can I get this to work?
Your command does not work because the redirection is performed by your shell which does not have the permission to write to /root/test.out. The redirection of the output is not performed by sudo.
There are multiple solutions:
Run a shell with sudo and give the command to it by using the -c option:
sudo sh -c 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out'
Create a script with your commands and run that script with sudo:
#!/bin/sh
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
Run sudo ls.sh. See Steve Bennett's answer if you don't want to create a temporary file.
Launch a shell with sudo -s then run your commands:
[nobody#so]$ sudo -s
[root#so]# ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
[root#so]# ^D
[nobody#so]$
Use sudo tee (if you have to escape a lot when using the -c option):
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out > /dev/null
The redirect to /dev/null is needed to stop tee from outputting to the screen. To append instead of overwriting the output file
(>>), use tee -a or tee --append (the last one is specific to GNU coreutils).
Thanks go to Jd, Adam J. Forster and Johnathan for the second, third and fourth solutions.
Someone here has just suggested sudoing tee:
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out > /dev/null
This could also be used to redirect any command, to a directory that you do not have access to. It works because the tee program is effectively an "echo to a file" program, and the redirect to /dev/null is to stop it also outputting to the screen to keep it the same as the original contrived example above.
A trick I figured out myself was
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo dd of=/root/test.out
The problem is that the command gets run under sudo, but the redirection gets run under your user. This is done by the shell and there is very little you can do about it.
sudo command > /some/file.log
`-----v-----'`-------v-------'
command redirection
The usual ways of bypassing this are:
Wrap the commands in a script which you call under sudo.
If the commands and/or log file changes, you can make the
script take these as arguments. For example:
sudo log_script command /log/file.txt
Call a shell and pass the command line as a parameter with -c
This is especially useful for one off compound commands.
For example:
sudo bash -c "{ command1 arg; command2 arg; } > /log/file.txt"
Arrange a pipe/subshell with required rights (i.e. sudo)
# Read and append to a file
cat ./'file1.txt' | sudo tee -a '/log/file.txt' > '/dev/null';
# Store both stdout and stderr streams in a file
{ command1 arg; command2 arg; } |& sudo tee -a '/log/file.txt' > '/dev/null';
Yet another variation on the theme:
sudo bash <<EOF
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
EOF
Or of course:
echo 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out' | sudo bash
They have the (tiny) advantage that you don't need to remember any arguments to sudo or sh/bash
Clarifying a bit on why the tee option is preferable
Assuming you have appropriate permission to execute the command that creates the output, if you pipe the output of your command to tee, you only need to elevate tee's privledges with sudo and direct tee to write (or append) to the file in question.
in the example given in the question that would mean:
ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out
for a couple more practical examples:
# kill off one source of annoying advertisements
echo 127.0.0.1 ad.doubleclick.net | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
# configure eth4 to come up on boot, set IP and netmask (centos 6.4)
echo -e "ONBOOT=\"YES\"\nIPADDR=10.42.84.168\nPREFIX=24" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth4
In each of these examples you are taking the output of a non-privileged command and writing to a file that is usually only writable by root, which is the origin of your question.
It is a good idea to do it this way because the command that generates the output is not executed with elevated privileges. It doesn't seem to matter here with echo but when the source command is a script that you don't completely trust, it is crucial.
Note you can use the -a option to tee to append append (like >>) to the target file rather than overwrite it (like >).
Make sudo run a shell, like this:
sudo sh -c "echo foo > ~root/out"
The way I would go about this issue is:
If you need to write/replace the file:
echo "some text" | sudo tee /path/to/file
If you need to append to the file:
echo "some text" | sudo tee -a /path/to/file
Don't mean to beat a dead horse, but there are too many answers here that use tee, which means you have to redirect stdout to /dev/null unless you want to see a copy on the screen.
A simpler solution is to just use cat like this:
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo bash -c "cat > /root/test.out"
Notice how the redirection is put inside quotes so that it is evaluated by a shell started by sudo instead of the one running it.
How about writing a script?
Filename: myscript
#!/bin/sh
/bin/ls -lah /root > /root/test.out
# end script
Then use sudo to run the script:
sudo ./myscript
Whenever I have to do something like this I just become root:
# sudo -s
# ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
# exit
It's probably not the best way, but it works.
I would do it this way:
sudo su -c 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out'
This is based on the answer involving tee. To make things easier I wrote a small script (I call it suwrite) and put it in /usr/local/bin/ with +x permission:
#! /bin/sh
if [ $# = 0 ] ; then
echo "USAGE: <command writing to stdout> | suwrite [-a] <output file 1> ..." >&2
exit 1
fi
for arg in "$#" ; do
if [ ${arg#/dev/} != ${arg} ] ; then
echo "Found dangerous argument ‘$arg’. Will exit."
exit 2
fi
done
sudo tee "$#" > /dev/null
As shown in the USAGE in the code, all you have to do is to pipe the output to this script followed by the desired superuser-accessible filename and it will automatically prompt you for your password if needed (since it includes sudo).
echo test | suwrite /root/test.txt
Note that since this is a simple wrapper for tee, it will also accept tee's -a option to append, and also supports writing to multiple files at the same time.
echo test2 | suwrite -a /root/test.txt
echo test-multi | suwrite /root/test-a.txt /root/test-b.txt
It also has some simplistic protection against writing to /dev/ devices which was a concern mentioned in one of the comments on this page.
sudo at now
at> echo test > /tmp/test.out
at> <EOT>
job 1 at Thu Sep 21 10:49:00 2017
Maybe you been given sudo access to only some programs/paths? Then there is no way to do what you want. (unless you will hack it somehow)
If it is not the case then maybe you can write bash script:
cat > myscript.sh
#!/bin/sh
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
Press ctrl + d :
chmod a+x myscript.sh
sudo myscript.sh
Hope it help.
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Closed 1 year ago.
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I've been given sudo access on one of our development RedHat linux boxes, and I seem to find myself quite often needing to redirect output to a location I don't normally have write access to.
The trouble is, this contrived example doesn't work:
sudo ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
I just receive the response:
-bash: /root/test.out: Permission denied
How can I get this to work?
Your command does not work because the redirection is performed by your shell which does not have the permission to write to /root/test.out. The redirection of the output is not performed by sudo.
There are multiple solutions:
Run a shell with sudo and give the command to it by using the -c option:
sudo sh -c 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out'
Create a script with your commands and run that script with sudo:
#!/bin/sh
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
Run sudo ls.sh. See Steve Bennett's answer if you don't want to create a temporary file.
Launch a shell with sudo -s then run your commands:
[nobody#so]$ sudo -s
[root#so]# ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
[root#so]# ^D
[nobody#so]$
Use sudo tee (if you have to escape a lot when using the -c option):
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out > /dev/null
The redirect to /dev/null is needed to stop tee from outputting to the screen. To append instead of overwriting the output file
(>>), use tee -a or tee --append (the last one is specific to GNU coreutils).
Thanks go to Jd, Adam J. Forster and Johnathan for the second, third and fourth solutions.
Someone here has just suggested sudoing tee:
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out > /dev/null
This could also be used to redirect any command, to a directory that you do not have access to. It works because the tee program is effectively an "echo to a file" program, and the redirect to /dev/null is to stop it also outputting to the screen to keep it the same as the original contrived example above.
A trick I figured out myself was
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo dd of=/root/test.out
The problem is that the command gets run under sudo, but the redirection gets run under your user. This is done by the shell and there is very little you can do about it.
sudo command > /some/file.log
`-----v-----'`-------v-------'
command redirection
The usual ways of bypassing this are:
Wrap the commands in a script which you call under sudo.
If the commands and/or log file changes, you can make the
script take these as arguments. For example:
sudo log_script command /log/file.txt
Call a shell and pass the command line as a parameter with -c
This is especially useful for one off compound commands.
For example:
sudo bash -c "{ command1 arg; command2 arg; } > /log/file.txt"
Arrange a pipe/subshell with required rights (i.e. sudo)
# Read and append to a file
cat ./'file1.txt' | sudo tee -a '/log/file.txt' > '/dev/null';
# Store both stdout and stderr streams in a file
{ command1 arg; command2 arg; } |& sudo tee -a '/log/file.txt' > '/dev/null';
Yet another variation on the theme:
sudo bash <<EOF
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
EOF
Or of course:
echo 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out' | sudo bash
They have the (tiny) advantage that you don't need to remember any arguments to sudo or sh/bash
Clarifying a bit on why the tee option is preferable
Assuming you have appropriate permission to execute the command that creates the output, if you pipe the output of your command to tee, you only need to elevate tee's privledges with sudo and direct tee to write (or append) to the file in question.
in the example given in the question that would mean:
ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out
for a couple more practical examples:
# kill off one source of annoying advertisements
echo 127.0.0.1 ad.doubleclick.net | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
# configure eth4 to come up on boot, set IP and netmask (centos 6.4)
echo -e "ONBOOT=\"YES\"\nIPADDR=10.42.84.168\nPREFIX=24" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth4
In each of these examples you are taking the output of a non-privileged command and writing to a file that is usually only writable by root, which is the origin of your question.
It is a good idea to do it this way because the command that generates the output is not executed with elevated privileges. It doesn't seem to matter here with echo but when the source command is a script that you don't completely trust, it is crucial.
Note you can use the -a option to tee to append append (like >>) to the target file rather than overwrite it (like >).
Make sudo run a shell, like this:
sudo sh -c "echo foo > ~root/out"
The way I would go about this issue is:
If you need to write/replace the file:
echo "some text" | sudo tee /path/to/file
If you need to append to the file:
echo "some text" | sudo tee -a /path/to/file
Don't mean to beat a dead horse, but there are too many answers here that use tee, which means you have to redirect stdout to /dev/null unless you want to see a copy on the screen.
A simpler solution is to just use cat like this:
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo bash -c "cat > /root/test.out"
Notice how the redirection is put inside quotes so that it is evaluated by a shell started by sudo instead of the one running it.
How about writing a script?
Filename: myscript
#!/bin/sh
/bin/ls -lah /root > /root/test.out
# end script
Then use sudo to run the script:
sudo ./myscript
Whenever I have to do something like this I just become root:
# sudo -s
# ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
# exit
It's probably not the best way, but it works.
I would do it this way:
sudo su -c 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out'
This is based on the answer involving tee. To make things easier I wrote a small script (I call it suwrite) and put it in /usr/local/bin/ with +x permission:
#! /bin/sh
if [ $# = 0 ] ; then
echo "USAGE: <command writing to stdout> | suwrite [-a] <output file 1> ..." >&2
exit 1
fi
for arg in "$#" ; do
if [ ${arg#/dev/} != ${arg} ] ; then
echo "Found dangerous argument ‘$arg’. Will exit."
exit 2
fi
done
sudo tee "$#" > /dev/null
As shown in the USAGE in the code, all you have to do is to pipe the output to this script followed by the desired superuser-accessible filename and it will automatically prompt you for your password if needed (since it includes sudo).
echo test | suwrite /root/test.txt
Note that since this is a simple wrapper for tee, it will also accept tee's -a option to append, and also supports writing to multiple files at the same time.
echo test2 | suwrite -a /root/test.txt
echo test-multi | suwrite /root/test-a.txt /root/test-b.txt
It also has some simplistic protection against writing to /dev/ devices which was a concern mentioned in one of the comments on this page.
sudo at now
at> echo test > /tmp/test.out
at> <EOT>
job 1 at Thu Sep 21 10:49:00 2017
Maybe you been given sudo access to only some programs/paths? Then there is no way to do what you want. (unless you will hack it somehow)
If it is not the case then maybe you can write bash script:
cat > myscript.sh
#!/bin/sh
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
Press ctrl + d :
chmod a+x myscript.sh
sudo myscript.sh
Hope it help.
I am trying to disable RHN check when running yum on 1000 servers. It is done by:
Editing this file /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf
[main]
enabled = 0
I wrote a script to do this remotely. We are using individual accounts and I need to execute this command using SUDO:
for HOST in $(cat serverlist ) ; do echo $HOST; ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no $HOST -t 'sudo cp /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.$(date +%F) ; sudo sed -i -e "s/1/0/g" /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf ' ; done
I know it is a long line but why does it not work?
All individual commands work on their own
sudo cp /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.$(date +%F)
sudo sed -i -e "s/1/0/g" /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf
have tried escaping the special chars:
sudo sed -i -e "s\/1\/0\/g" /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/rhnplugin.conf
But I get an error all the time:
sed: -e expression #1, char 1: unknown command: `?'
Thanks for your help.
The sudo(1) command expects a pseudo-teletype (pty) and fails if it does not see one. Rewrite your command line to use su(1) instead. Use your local sudo(1) configuration to limit access to this script so only the select few can execute the script.
I actually found the answer to this question, or rather workaround. See the snippet below, where I got to -as root- ssh as me (szymonri) to other host, then invoke sed command as root in order to edit /etc/hosts file. All thanks to base64 magic.
ME=`echo -e "$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')\toverlord"`
B64ENC=`echo "sed -i 's/.*overlord/$ME/g' /etc/hosts" | base64`
su - szymonri sh -c "ssh jetson bash -c \\\"echo $B64ENC \| base64 --decode \| sudo bash \\\""
line: I"m obtaining m yown IP address as an /etc/hosts line
line: I'm base64 encoding sed command with the first line in it.
line: I'm invoking the SSH shenannigan, where I su as regular user, ssh to another box as the user, and use power of sudo to edit the file.
I would like to know the difference between these two lines :
sudo sed 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=10/GRUB_TIMEOUT=3/' /etc/default/grub >/etc/default/grub
and
sudo sed -i 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=10/GRUB_TIMEOUT=3/' /etc/default/grub
There seems to be a difference because the first returns a Permission denied error while the other doesn't.
As #sarathi said, the -i flag modifies the file in-place. The reason you're getting a permission denied error is because /etc/default/grub is probably only modifiable by root.
Your first command:
sudo sed 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=10/GRUB_TIMEOUT=3/' /etc/default/grub >/etc/default/grub
Runs sed as a superuser, which doesn't do anything useful as sed writes to its stdout. Then it tries to overwrite /etc/default/grub as the current user, which is disallowed.
In the second command:
sudo sed -i 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=10/GRUB_TIMEOUT=3/' /etc/default/grub
The file is modified by sed itself, which is running as root.
-i flag of sed says inplace replacement.
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This question does not appear to be about a specific programming problem, a software algorithm, or software tools primarily used by programmers. If you believe the question would be on-topic on another Stack Exchange site, you can leave a comment to explain where the question may be able to be answered.
Closed 1 year ago.
The community reviewed whether to reopen this question 4 months ago and left it closed:
Original close reason(s) were not resolved
Improve this question
I've been given sudo access on one of our development RedHat linux boxes, and I seem to find myself quite often needing to redirect output to a location I don't normally have write access to.
The trouble is, this contrived example doesn't work:
sudo ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
I just receive the response:
-bash: /root/test.out: Permission denied
How can I get this to work?
Your command does not work because the redirection is performed by your shell which does not have the permission to write to /root/test.out. The redirection of the output is not performed by sudo.
There are multiple solutions:
Run a shell with sudo and give the command to it by using the -c option:
sudo sh -c 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out'
Create a script with your commands and run that script with sudo:
#!/bin/sh
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
Run sudo ls.sh. See Steve Bennett's answer if you don't want to create a temporary file.
Launch a shell with sudo -s then run your commands:
[nobody#so]$ sudo -s
[root#so]# ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
[root#so]# ^D
[nobody#so]$
Use sudo tee (if you have to escape a lot when using the -c option):
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out > /dev/null
The redirect to /dev/null is needed to stop tee from outputting to the screen. To append instead of overwriting the output file
(>>), use tee -a or tee --append (the last one is specific to GNU coreutils).
Thanks go to Jd, Adam J. Forster and Johnathan for the second, third and fourth solutions.
Someone here has just suggested sudoing tee:
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out > /dev/null
This could also be used to redirect any command, to a directory that you do not have access to. It works because the tee program is effectively an "echo to a file" program, and the redirect to /dev/null is to stop it also outputting to the screen to keep it the same as the original contrived example above.
A trick I figured out myself was
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo dd of=/root/test.out
The problem is that the command gets run under sudo, but the redirection gets run under your user. This is done by the shell and there is very little you can do about it.
sudo command > /some/file.log
`-----v-----'`-------v-------'
command redirection
The usual ways of bypassing this are:
Wrap the commands in a script which you call under sudo.
If the commands and/or log file changes, you can make the
script take these as arguments. For example:
sudo log_script command /log/file.txt
Call a shell and pass the command line as a parameter with -c
This is especially useful for one off compound commands.
For example:
sudo bash -c "{ command1 arg; command2 arg; } > /log/file.txt"
Arrange a pipe/subshell with required rights (i.e. sudo)
# Read and append to a file
cat ./'file1.txt' | sudo tee -a '/log/file.txt' > '/dev/null';
# Store both stdout and stderr streams in a file
{ command1 arg; command2 arg; } |& sudo tee -a '/log/file.txt' > '/dev/null';
Yet another variation on the theme:
sudo bash <<EOF
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
EOF
Or of course:
echo 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out' | sudo bash
They have the (tiny) advantage that you don't need to remember any arguments to sudo or sh/bash
Clarifying a bit on why the tee option is preferable
Assuming you have appropriate permission to execute the command that creates the output, if you pipe the output of your command to tee, you only need to elevate tee's privledges with sudo and direct tee to write (or append) to the file in question.
in the example given in the question that would mean:
ls -hal /root/ | sudo tee /root/test.out
for a couple more practical examples:
# kill off one source of annoying advertisements
echo 127.0.0.1 ad.doubleclick.net | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
# configure eth4 to come up on boot, set IP and netmask (centos 6.4)
echo -e "ONBOOT=\"YES\"\nIPADDR=10.42.84.168\nPREFIX=24" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth4
In each of these examples you are taking the output of a non-privileged command and writing to a file that is usually only writable by root, which is the origin of your question.
It is a good idea to do it this way because the command that generates the output is not executed with elevated privileges. It doesn't seem to matter here with echo but when the source command is a script that you don't completely trust, it is crucial.
Note you can use the -a option to tee to append append (like >>) to the target file rather than overwrite it (like >).
Make sudo run a shell, like this:
sudo sh -c "echo foo > ~root/out"
The way I would go about this issue is:
If you need to write/replace the file:
echo "some text" | sudo tee /path/to/file
If you need to append to the file:
echo "some text" | sudo tee -a /path/to/file
Don't mean to beat a dead horse, but there are too many answers here that use tee, which means you have to redirect stdout to /dev/null unless you want to see a copy on the screen.
A simpler solution is to just use cat like this:
sudo ls -hal /root/ | sudo bash -c "cat > /root/test.out"
Notice how the redirection is put inside quotes so that it is evaluated by a shell started by sudo instead of the one running it.
How about writing a script?
Filename: myscript
#!/bin/sh
/bin/ls -lah /root > /root/test.out
# end script
Then use sudo to run the script:
sudo ./myscript
Whenever I have to do something like this I just become root:
# sudo -s
# ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
# exit
It's probably not the best way, but it works.
I would do it this way:
sudo su -c 'ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out'
This is based on the answer involving tee. To make things easier I wrote a small script (I call it suwrite) and put it in /usr/local/bin/ with +x permission:
#! /bin/sh
if [ $# = 0 ] ; then
echo "USAGE: <command writing to stdout> | suwrite [-a] <output file 1> ..." >&2
exit 1
fi
for arg in "$#" ; do
if [ ${arg#/dev/} != ${arg} ] ; then
echo "Found dangerous argument ‘$arg’. Will exit."
exit 2
fi
done
sudo tee "$#" > /dev/null
As shown in the USAGE in the code, all you have to do is to pipe the output to this script followed by the desired superuser-accessible filename and it will automatically prompt you for your password if needed (since it includes sudo).
echo test | suwrite /root/test.txt
Note that since this is a simple wrapper for tee, it will also accept tee's -a option to append, and also supports writing to multiple files at the same time.
echo test2 | suwrite -a /root/test.txt
echo test-multi | suwrite /root/test-a.txt /root/test-b.txt
It also has some simplistic protection against writing to /dev/ devices which was a concern mentioned in one of the comments on this page.
sudo at now
at> echo test > /tmp/test.out
at> <EOT>
job 1 at Thu Sep 21 10:49:00 2017
Maybe you been given sudo access to only some programs/paths? Then there is no way to do what you want. (unless you will hack it somehow)
If it is not the case then maybe you can write bash script:
cat > myscript.sh
#!/bin/sh
ls -hal /root/ > /root/test.out
Press ctrl + d :
chmod a+x myscript.sh
sudo myscript.sh
Hope it help.