Im new to programming in general and I need some help for accessing a previously created instance of Class. I did some search on SO but I could not find anything... Maybe it's just because I should not try to do that.
for s in servers:
c = rconprotocol.Rcon(s[0], s[2],s[1])
t = threading.Thread(target=c.connect)
t.start()
c.messengers(allmessages, 10)
Now, what can I do if I want to call a function on "c" ?
Thanks, Hugo
You're creating several different objects that you briefly name c as you go through the loop. If you want to be able to access more than the last of them, you'll need to save them somewhere that won't be overwritten. Probably the best approach is to use a list to hold the successive values, but depending on your specific needs another data structure might make sense too (for instance, using a dictionary you could look up each value by a specific key).
Here's a trivial adjustment to your current code that will save the c values in a list:
c_list = []
for s in servers:
c = rconprotocol.Rcon(s[0], s[2],s[1])
t = threading.Thread(target=c.connect)
t.start()
c.messengers(allmessages, 10)
c_list.append(c)
Later you can access any of the c values with c_list[index], or by iterating with for c in c_list.
A slightly more Pythonic version might use a list comprehension rather than append to create the list (this also shows what a loop over c_list later one might look like):
c_list = [rconprotocol.Rcon(s[0], s[2],s[1]) for s in servers]
for c in c_list:
t = threading.Thread(target=c.connect)
t.start()
c.messengers(allmessages, 10)
Related
I am using Obspy _read_segy function to read a segy file using following line of code:
line_1=_read_segy('st1.segy')
However I have a large number of files in a folder as follow:
st1.segy
st2.segy
st3.segy
.
.
st700.segy
I want to use a for loop to read the data but I am new so can any one help me in this regard.
Currently i am using repeated lines to read data as follow:
line_2=_read_segy('st1.segy')
line_2=_read_segy('st2.segy')
The next step is to display the segy data using matplotlib and again i am using following line of code on individual lines which makes it way to much repeated work. Can someone help me with creating a loop to display the data and save the figures .
data=np.stack(t.data for t in line_1.traces)
vm=np.percentile(data,99)
plt.figure(figsize=(60,30))
plt.imshow(data.T, cmap='seismic',vmin=-vm, vmax=vm, aspect='auto')
plt.title('Line_1')
plt.savefig('Line_1.png')
plt.show()
Your kind suggestions will help me a lot as I am a beginner in python programming.
Thank you
If you want to reduce code duplication, you use something called functions. And If you want to repeatedly do something, you can use loops. So you can call a function in a loop, if you want to do this for all files.
Now, for reading the files in folder, you can use glob package of python. Something like below:
import glob, os
def save_fig(in_file_name, out_file_name):
line_1 = _read_segy(in_file_name)
data = np.stack(t.data for t in line_1.traces)
vm = np.percentile(data, 99)
plt.figure(figsize=(60, 30))
plt.imshow(data.T, cmap='seismic', vmin=-vm, vmax=vm, aspect='auto')
plt.title(out_file_name)
plt.savefig(out_file_name)
segy_files = list(glob.glob(segy_files_path+"/*.segy"))
for index, file in enumerate(segy_files):
save_fig(file, "Line_{}.png".format(index + 1))
I have not added other imports here, which you know to add!. segy_files_path is the folder where your files reside.
You just need to dynamically open the files in a loop. Fortunately they all follow the same naming pattern.
N = 700
for n in range(N):
line_n =_read_segy(f"st{n}.segy") # Dynamic name.
data = np.stack(t.data for t in line_n.traces)
vm = np.percentile(data, 99)
plt.figure(figsize=(60, 30))
plt.imshow(data.T, cmap="seismic", vmin=-vm, vmax=vm, aspect="auto")
plt.title(f"Line_{n}")
plt.show()
plt.savefig(f"Line_{n}.png")
plt.close() # Needed if you don't want to keep 700 figures open.
I'll focus on addressing the file looping, as you said you're new and I'm assuming simple loops are something you'd like to learn about (the first example is sufficient for this).
If you'd like an answer to your second question, it might be worth providing some example data, the output result (graph) of your current attempt, and a description of your desired output. If you provide that reproducible example and clear description of the problem you're having it'd be easier to answer.
Create a list (or other iterable) to hold the file names to read, and another container (maybe a dict) to hold the result of your read_segy.
files = ['st1.segy', 'st2.segy']
lines = {} # creates an empty dictionary; dictionaries consist of key: value pairs
for f in files: # f will first be 'st1.segy', then 'st2.segy'
lines[f] = read_segy(f)
As stated in the comment by #Guimoute, if you want to dynamically generate the file names, you can create the files list by pasting integers to the base file name.
lines = {} # creates an empty dictionary; dictionaries have key: value pairs
missing_files = []
for i in range(1, 701):
f = f"st{str(i)}.segy" # would give "st1.segy" for i = 1
try: # in case one of the files is missing or can’t be read
lines[f] = read_segy(f)
except:
missing_files.append(f) # store names of missing or unreadable files
I am very new to Python (first week of active use). I have some bash scripting experience but have decided to learn Python.
I have a variable of multiple strings which I am using to build a URL in FOR loop. The output of URL is JSON and I would like to concatenate complete output into one file.
I will put random URL for privacy reasons.
The code looks like this:
==================
numbers = ['24246', '83367', '37643', '24245', '24241', '77968', '63157', '76004', '71665']
for id in numbers:
restAPI = s.get(urljoin(baseurl, '/test/' + id + '&test2'))
result = restAPI.json
==================
the problem is that if I do print(result) I will get only output of last iteration, i.e. www.google.com/test/71665&test2
Creating a list by adding text = [] worked (content was concatenated) but I would like to keep the original format.
text = []
for id in numbers:
restAPI = s.get(urljoin(baseurl, '/test/' + id + '&test2'))
Does anyone have idea how to do this
When the for loop ends, the variable assigned inside the for loop only keeps the last value. I.e. Every time your code for loops through, the restAPI variable gets reset each time.
If you wanted to keep each URL, you could append to a list outside the scope of the for loop every time, i.e.
restAPI = s.get(urljoin(baseurl, ...
url_list.append(restApi.json)
Or if you just wanted to print...
for id in numbers:
restAPI = s.get(urljoin(baseurl, ...
print(restAPI.json)
If you added them to a list, you could perform seperate functions with the new list of URLs.
If you think there might be duplicates, feel free to use a set() instead (which automatically removes the dupes inside the iterable as new values are added). You can use set_name.add(restAPI.json)
To be better, you could implement a dict and assign the id as the key and the json object as the value. So you could:
dict_obj = dict()
for id in numbers:
restAPI = s.get(urljoin(baseurl, ...
dict_obj[id] = restAPI.json
That way you can query the dictionary later in the script.
Note that if you're querying many URLs, storing the JSON's in memory might be intensive depending on your hardware.
I know that one can do something like this
d = {}
d['key1'] = {'Innerkey1':{'Response':'value','Type':'value2'}}
However, I need something like this
d['Key1']['Innerkey1'] = {'Response':'value','Type':'value2'}
as i'm consistently adding new innerkeys depending on various factors, and if I were to just do
d['Key1'] = {'NewInnerkey2': {'Response':'value','Type':'value2'}}
it overwrites and replaces innerkey1.
I suppose I can initialize d['key1'] first and use
.append({'NewInnerkey2': {'Response':'value','Type':'value2'}}),
however there are many different spots where a new primary or inner key may need to be initialized or not, and so it would lead to quite a bit of fluff to check if whether it's been initialized or not and etc.
Any ideas?
You can use a defaultdict
d = defaultdict(dict)
d['key1']['innerkey'] = {'Response':'value','Type':'value1'} # won't throw errors
d['key2']['innerkey2'] = {'Response':'value','Type':'value2'} # won't overwrite the value for innerkey
Im attempting to write a turn based, pokemon-esque, game to test my python skills & learn new things.
I'm having trouble selecting an element from a list inside of another list.
Punch = ["Punch!", 20]
Kick = ["Kick!", 40]
Moves = [Punch, Kick]
Player = ["Jamie", 100, Moves]
print ("Do you want to punch, or kick?")
attack = input(" ")
if attack == "punch":
atk = 0
if attack == "kick":
atk = 1
damage = Player[2[atk[1]]]
print (Player[0]," uses ", Player[2[atk[0]]])
but this results in error:
TypeError: 'int' object is not subscriptable
I understand why this error happens. But I'm wondering is there is another way to call up an element of a list inside of a list.
Thanks
What you want is probably something like this :
damage = Player[2][atk][1]
But beware because you only define atk in if statements so atk could potentially not be defined after those ifs.
Moreover you place either 1 or 2 in atk but you only have two moves which makes me think you want to put either 0 or 1 in it.
Note: You should not capitalise the name of your variables as it would imply they are classes instead of variables
from the way i understand
damage=Player[2][atk][1]
As has already been mentioned . The thing to understand is what is happening when you do this.
player[2] refers to Moves and when you further subscript it, it subscripts to the Moves, so player[2][atk] simply becomes Moves[atk].
A thing to keep in mind is that it is truly just a reference, if you were to change the list Moves, the value in player[2] will also change.
For example:
code:
Moves[1][2]=1000
print(player[2][1][2])
Will give output
1000
Okay so I have a file called 'whois.txt' which contains
["96363612", "#a2743, coil, charge"]
["12101258", "#a0272, climate, vault"]
["83157521", "sith"]
["33907120", "#a1321, missile, wired"]
["55553768", "#a2722, legal, illegal"]
["22686400", "#a5619, mindless, #a5637, bank"]
["97436430", "jedi, #a5770, charge, lantern, #a9491, legal"]
["91645905", "sith"]
["89514799", "lantern, #a2563, #a2693"]
["19658307", "Umbrechu"]
["56112504", "#a0473, lantern, kryptonian"]
["12195491", "riyoken"]
["53281943", "#a5135, gateway, jedi"]
["76515035", "#a4023, gateway, wired"]
["79444876", "#a2716, loyalty"]
What I'm doing here is using json and using the first numbers as an ID and the accounts that are associated with the ID are linked by ', '. So using python I am using this code to try to get all the accounts that are associated
def getWhois(self):
x = []
f = open('whois.txt','r')
for line in f.readlines():
rid,names = json.loads(line.strip())
x.append([rid,names])
return x
def recvWhois(self,user):
returned = self.getWhois()
x = []
for data in returned:
rid,names = data[0],data[1]
if user in names:
x.append(names)
matches = list(set(', '.join(x).split(', ')))
return matches
So what that is doing is getting the matches of a user you are searching but I want to search the users in those matches also, I have done this but It feels Like I would have to do this an infinite amount of times of researching matches that are pulled so if I were to do self.recvWhois('missile') It would pull "['missile', 'wired', '#a1321']" I would then try to search all of those accounts to link more, and by now you probably see my problem because I would have to do that x amount of times depending on how many matches there are linked to the previous matched accounts If any of you have a solution to my problem it would be very appreciated.
First i would suggest to maintain an index for searching. You could use a search engine but a python map can also serve as a poor man's search engine. So idea is to have an inverted index where the usernames points to records to which they belong. For searching all linked accounts you can write a memoized recursive function which will cut down the infinite recursive paths. Also in case you have large no. of records you can limit recursion to a predefined maximum level.
It is really hard to tell what you are trying to do, but I think you are making it too complicated. Your data structure lends itself to a dictionary. Why not load it using rid as the key and names as the values?