I am writing a bash script that creates a folder, and copies files to that folder. It works from the command line, but not from my script. What is wrong here?
#! /bin/sh
DIR_NAME=files
ROOT=..
FOOD_DIR=food
FRUITS_DIR=fruits
rm -rf $DIR_NAME
mkdir $DIR_NAME
chmod 755 $DIR_NAME
cp $ROOT/$FOOD_DIR/"*" $DIR_NAME/
I get:
cp: cannot stat `../food/fruits/*': No such file or directory
You got that exactly backwards -- everything except the * character should be double-quoted:
#!/bin/sh
dir_name=files
root=..
food_dir=food
fruits_dir=fruits
rm -rf "$dir_name"
mkdir "$dir_name"
chmod 755 "$dir_name"
cp "$root/$food_dir/"* "$dir_name/"
Also, as a matter of best-practice / convention, non-environment variable names should be lower case to avoid name conflicts with environment variables and builtins.
Related
I can't find a solution for this problem. I am trying to write a script that creates a folder, which name is the current date, with all content of the current directory so I can backup a bunch of files. I tried following things already that doesn't work:
use "mkdir -p" to create parent directories
not using relative path with "pwd"
But when I try and create a directory out of an script in the terminal(also bash) I can create perfectly fine directories with the date inside. (following command)
mkdir backup$(date +%d-%m-%Y_%H:%M)
My Code
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d-%m-%Y_%H:%M)
PWD=$(pwd)
FILENAME=backup$DATE
if [ -d "backup/" ]; then
mkdir -p backup/$FILENAME
cp -r * backup/$FILENAME
else
mkdir -p backup/
mkdir -p backup/$FILENAME
cp -r * backup/$FILENAME
fi
Error thrown
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘backup/backup18-01-2022_12:43’: No such file or directory
I am studying linux, and I have to make all shell scripts executable by this command:
find ./ -name "*.sh" -exec chmod u+x {} \;
But when I download Logstash.tar.gz and extract it to /opt, all shell scripts were executable, no chmod needed. And /opt is not in $PATH.
echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/db/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin
How do I build an app like logstash works?
===updated test steps for verification===
mkdir testtar && cd testtar
## create a executable script
echo test_with_x >> test_with_x.sh
chmod u+x test_with_x.sh
## create a not executable script
echo test_without_x >> test_without_x.sh
cd ..
## compress with gzip
tar -zcvf testtar.tar.gz ./testtar
mkdir testextract
mv testtar.tar.gz ./testextract
cd ./testextract
tar -zxvf testtar.tar.gz
## decompressed and see a executable and not executable script
Logstash tar bundle might have been created with executable permissions on all scripts. It should be the reason why it works fine after extracting without using chmod u+x command. If you also create a tar bundle with executable scripts, you should also get executable scripts after decompressing without using chmod u+x.
If you want your shell scripts to be executed without using chmod u+x, provide your shell script as an argument to your shell interpreter.
For e.g,
bash MyScript.sh
sh MyScript.sh
ksh MyScript.sh
You have two solution:
Add /opt to the PATH:
export PATH=${PATH}:/opt
call logstash with full path:
/opt/<anywhere.it.may.be>/logstash
Q How to set chmod of a/ a/b/ a/b/c/ & a/b/c/d/ to 755
Say I have a path a/b/c/d/ to create
I can call mkdir -p a/b/c/d/ and it will create each of the directory in path
Now I want to set chmod of a/ a/b/ a/b/c/ & a/b/c/d/ to 755
Note mkdir -pm 0755 a/b/c/d/ will set chmod to 755 for only the last folder
Use:
(umask 022; mkdir -p /a/b/c/d)
Setting the umask ensures that the write bits are reset for group and other on any directories the command creates (but has no effect on pre-existing directories, of course). The directories are then created with 755 permissions as desired. The parentheses use a sub-shell so that only the mkdir command is affected by the umask setting. (I use umask 022 by default; I usually don't mind people reading files, but I don't like them changing them without my permission.)
In case the directories are already created, you can change the permissions with this bash snippet:
path=a/b/c/d
while [[ -n $path ]]; do
chmod 755 $path
path=${path%[^/]*}
done
perldoc -f chmod
chmod LIST
Changes the permissions of a list of files. The first element of the list must be the numeric mode, which should probably be an octal number, and which definitely should not be a string of octal digits: 0644 is okay, but "0644" is not.
Try something like this:
chmod 0777, "test.txt";
Note
Note chmod is a LIST operator meaning you can pass it a list (or array) like this:
$cnt = chmod 0755, "foo", "bar";
If you are presently in parent directory of 'a' we could probably do this
chmod 755 a ; find a/ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
path=a/b/c/d/
while [[ -n $path ]]; do
chmod 755 $path
path=${path%/*}
done
buff's answer doesn't work for me. Here's modification to his answer that does work. Substring removal fixed, and with this approach original path should end with trailing / .
I want to copy a certain file to a location, irrespective of that file already exists in the destination or not. I'm trying to copy through shell script.But the file is not getting copied. I'm using the following command
/bin/cp -rf /source/file /destination
but that doesn't work.
Use
cp -fr /source/file /destination
this should probably solve the problem.
This question has been already discussed, however you can write a little script like this:
#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -d "$2" ]; then
mkdir -p "$2"
fi
cp -R "$1" "$2"
Explaining this script a little bit
#!/bin/bash: tells your computer to use the bash interpreter.
if [ ! -d "$2" ]; then: If the second variable you supplied does not already exist...
mkdir -p "$2": make that directory, including any parent directories supplied in the path.
Running mkdir -p one/two/three will make:
$ mkdir -p one/two/three
$ tree one
one/
└── two
└── three
If you don't supply the -p tag then you'll get an error if directories one and two don't exist:
$ mkdir one/two/three
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘one/two/three’: No such file or directory
fi: Closes the if statement.
cp -R "$1" "$2": copies files from the first variable you supplied to the directory of the second variable you supplied.
So if you ran script.sh mars pluto, mars would be the first variable ($1) and pluto would be the second variable ($2).
The -R flag means it does this recursively, so the cp command will go through all the files and folders from your first variable, and copy them to the directory of your second variable.
Your problem might be caused by an alias for cp command created in your system by default (you can see al your aliases by typing "alias").
For example, my system has the following alis by default: alias cp='cp -i', where -i overrides -f option, i.e. cp will always prompt for overwriting confirmation.
What you need in such case (that'll actually work even if you don't have an alias) is to feed "yes" to that confirmation. To do that simply modify your cp command to look like this:
yes | cp /source/file /destination
/bin/cp -rf src dst
or
/usr/bin/env cp -rf
This question already has answers here:
Linux: copy and create destination dir if it does not exist
(27 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
When copying a file using cp to a folder that may or may not exist, how do I get cp to create the folder if necessary? Here is what I have tried:
[root#file nutch-0.9]# cp -f urls-resume /nosuchdirectory/hi.txt
cp: cannot create regular file `/nosuchdirectory/hi.txt': No such file or directory
To expand upon Christian's answer, the only reliable way to do this would be to combine mkdir and cp:
mkdir -p /foo/bar && cp myfile "$_"
As an aside, when you only need to create a single directory in an existing hierarchy, rsync can do it in one operation. I'm quite a fan of rsync as a much more versatile cp replacement, in fact:
rsync -a myfile /foo/bar/ # works if /foo exists but /foo/bar doesn't. bar is created.
I didn't know you could do that with cp.
You can do it with mkdir ..
mkdir -p /var/path/to/your/dir
EDIT
See lhunath's answer for incorporating cp.
One can also use the command find:
find ./ -depth -print | cpio -pvd newdirpathname
mkdir -p `dirname /nosuchdirectory/hi.txt` && cp -r urls-resume /nosuchdirectory/hi.txt
There is no such option. What you can do is to run mkdir -p before copying the file
I made a very cool script you can use to copy files in locations that doesn't exist
#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -d "$2" ]; then
mkdir -p "$2"
fi
cp -R "$1" "$2"
Now just save it, give it permissions and run it using
./cp-improved SOURCE DEST
I put -R option but it's just a draft, I know it can be and you will improve it in many ways. Hope it helps you
rsync is work!
#file:
rsync -aqz _vimrc ~/.vimrc
#directory:
rsync -aqz _vim/ ~/.vim
cp -Rvn /source/path/* /destination/path/
cp: /destination/path/any.zip: No such file or directory
It will create no existing paths in destination, if path have a source file inside.
This dont create empty directories.
A moment ago i've seen xxxxxxxx: No such file or directory, because i run out of free space. without error message.
with ditto:
ditto -V /source/path/* /destination/path
ditto: /destination/path/any.zip: No space left on device
once freed space cp -Rvn /source/path/* /destination/path/ works as expected