I'm a newbie. I'm working in WinCE7 SDHC driver. During initialization, certain functions are assigned to a structure variable as handlers. Those functions are automatically called. That is, I'm not able to trace out which function calls it.
I referred this stackoverflow link. Still, I'd like to know, how to trace, which handler is called when. Please guide me.
typedef struct _SDCARD_HC_CONTEXT {
DWORD dwVersion; // version of context structure
WCHAR HostControllerName[SD_HC_MAX_NAME_LENGTH]; // friendly name
CRITICAL_SECTION HCCritSection; // host controller critical section
PSD_BUS_REQUEST_HANDLER pBusRequestHandler; // bus request handler
PSD_GET_SET_SLOT_OPTION pSlotOptionHandler; // slot option handler
PSD_CANCEL_REQUEST_HANDLER pCancelIOHandler; // cancel request handler
PSD_INITIALIZE_CONTROLLER pInitHandler; // init handler
PSD_DEINITIALIZE_CONTROLLER pDeinitHandler; // deinit handler
PVOID pHCSpecificContext; // host controller specific context
PSD_CHANGE_CARD_POWER pChangeCardPowerHandler; // Pointer to power control handler
} SDCARD_HC_CONTEXT, *PSDCARD_HC_CONTEXT;
This is the structure to which functions are assigned.
In this particular case (your SDHC driver), these are the function pointers which will be used by SDBus driver. You can check the SDBus driver source code in path:
%WINCE700%\public\COMMON\oak\drivers\sdcard\sdbus
You can find some lines like, for example,
SD_API_STATUS BusRequestHandler(DWORD dwSlot, PSD_BUS_REQUEST pSdBusRequest) {
return pBusRequestHandler((PSDCARD_HC_CONTEXT)this,dwSlot,pSdBusRequest);
This is the function pointer that you have assigned in your SDHC driver source code, and being used by your SDBus driver source code.
Related
Have a simple Qt app. Gui thread, creates Dev thread it creates (in its run()) Read thread. Dev and Read threads are my classes inherited from QThread. The Read thread should read data from COM port continuously. An approximate view of Read run is following.
read::run()
{
sp2->clear();
while (DO_EXEC)
{
if (DO_WRITE)
{
// write data to port
}
usleep(500);
ba = sp2->bytesAvailable();
if (ba > 0)
{
int a = sp2->read(&BUF[BUF_END], ba);
// process data
emit sgnl(sendeddata);
}
}
}
To start it I emit signal in GUI that is passed to Dev at it is passed to the following read slot:
read::slot_readStart()
{
// some stuff
if (doStart && !isRunning())
{
sp2 = new QSerialPort(this);
sp2->setPortName("COM3");
sp2->setBaudRate(256000);
sp2->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
sp2->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
sp2->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
sp2->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
sp2->setReadBufferSize(5000);
bool isOpen = sp2->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
DO_EXEC = true;
start();
}
}
This works. But, if I place creating and setup and opening serial port to run method, then the port is open, but the bytesAvailable() are always zero? Why it is possible?
Thank you in adcance.
I agree with Orest Hera, in that you are using a "non recommended" way of implementing threads.
You are using inheritance for your thread object.
It is important to understand how QThreads work. The general procedure to using the QThreads is:
Make Object to go into thread, assign no parent
Make thread
Move object into thead using obj->moveToThread(thread)
Connect a signal to a slot in the object that will instatiate the object members (if required)
Start the thread: thread->start()
For example:
MyObj *myObj = new MyObj(0); // 0 = no parent if your object inherits QObject
QThread* thread = new QThread;
myObj->moveToThread(thread);
QObject::connect(thread, SIGNAL(started()), myObj, SLOT(run()));
thread->start();
So your object can still have its "run()" function, but it won't be overloading anything.
Also your run() function does not need to be a "forever" loop, it is simply an initialization function (create the serial port or whatever). Then you add other slots for other events, e.g. you can connect the QSerialPort::readyRead() to your "incoming data slot" handler to handle any data received from the serial port.... and so on.
I think this will solve your issues. It is difficult to tell exactly why your serial port does not work in your overloaded "Run()" function because I can't see how you are calling /creating the thread (i.e. the rest of your code) or where DO_EXEC is initialized etc... There is probably some ordering of events or thread ownership issue here.
Note: I am not saying you can't inherit thread class, but if you do that it is so that you create your own custom thread class (to do thread stuff), but not some other class to create a hybrid of thread utility and other stuff. There is a fair amount of information relating to this here (on SO) and on the qt forum if you are interested in the why/how etc... :)
I am developing an AIR application for iOS/ Android and I am using a backend service for database operations. The backend service provides asynchronous API's for loading and saving the data. I happen to stumble at a piece of logic which caught my attention:
Main
public funciton loadPlayerData():void
{
service.loadData();
// Busy lock
while( !service.client == true );
// Do some stuff after the client is received
}
Service
public function loadData()
{
// Call the external service and specify success callback as
// onSuccess
}
public function onSuccess():void
{
this.client = true;
}
public var client:Boolean = false;
What I am trying to do in the above code is that I am calling an async operation on service and while it is fetching data from server, I am busy spinning waiting for the client to set true in the callback. According to my understanding, this is how locking is done for resources in operating system and all. ( Though there are more elegant solutions in operating system other than busy wait ).
But the results are such that the Main gets stuck in an infinite busy waiting implying that onSuccess never gets called. The reason, according to my understanding is that until and unless the the current execution ends ( or when the stack of current execution is completely popped out), control is not given to the callback Function and hence my implementation results in never ending spin wheel. My basic assumption that thread is multiplexed from time point of view is flawed and thats the explanation I can deduce from the premise.
I want to know whats the actual reason behind the above scenario? How far I am correct in my deduction and what are the details behind execution of actionscript code in scenario like these ?
The AS3 runtime is not multithreaded - your script runs on a single thread with certain operations internally running on a separate thread (like network calls, etc.) The only way to properly handle your situation is to split up your work into multiple steps; you then initiate the first step (calling the remote service) and pass a callback function. There's no need to wait in a loop (in fact, it hurts you as you discovered) - when the network call is done, your callback will be called and you can initiate the next step of your processing. Until this 2nd step is called, the rest of your program should assume that the data from the remote service is not available.
Your code would be something like:
public funciton loadPlayerData():void
{
service.loadData();
// Nothing else here - you must wait for the data
// to be avaiable.
}
public function loadData()
{
// Call the external service and specify success callback as
// onSuccess
}
public function onSuccess():void
{
// Call logic that performs "Do some stuff
// after the client is received" from your
// question.
}
I think this should solve the issue, depending on how you determine that onSuccess is called (I assume its a function for an Event Listener.)
First off, your Service class needs to inherit EventDispatcher, either directly or indirectly, so that you gain access to dispatchEvent(event) function.
Main
public funciton loadPlayerData():void
{
service.loadData();
service.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onServiceLoadedData);
}
private function onServiceLoadedData(e:Event):void{
...
}
Service
...
public function onSuccess():void
{
//after everything has been loaded
dispatchEvent(new Event(Event.COMPLETE));
}
As a side note, if you need to access stuff from your Service class and you don't want to handle it through setter/getter variables and such like, you can make a custom Event and pass all the necessary Information there.
(Pseudo-)Code
Here is a non-compilable code-sketch of the concepts I am having trouble with:
struct Data {};
struct A {};
struct B {};
struct C {};
/* and many many more...*/
template<typename T>
class Listener {
public:
Listener(MyObject* worker):worker(worker)
{ /* do some magic to register with RTI DDS */ };
public:
// This function is used ass a callback from RTI DDS, i.e. it will be
// called from other threads when new Data is available
void callBackFunction(Data d)
{
T t = extractFromData(d);
// Option 1: direct function call
// works somewhat, but shows "QObject::startTimer: timers cannot be started
// from another thread" at the console...
worker->doSomeWorkWithData(t); //
// Option 2: Use invokeMethod:
// seems to fail, as the macro expands including '"T"' and that type isn't
// registered with the QMetaType system...
// QMetaObject::invokeMethod(worker,"doSomeGraphicsWork",Qt::AutoConnection,
// Q_ARG(T, t)
// );
// Option 3: use signals slots
// fails as I can't make Listener, a template class, a QObject...
// emit workNeedsToBeDone(t);
}
private:
MyObject* worker;
T extractFromData(Data d){ return T(d);};
};
class MyObject : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
public Q_SLOTS:
void doSomeWorkWithData(A a); // This one affects some QGraphicsItems.
void doSomeWorkWithData(B b){};
void doSomeWorkWithData(C c){};
public:
MyObject():QObject(nullptr){};
void init()
{
// listeners are not created in the constructor, but they should have the
// same thread affinity as the MyObject instance that creates them...
// (which in this example--and in my actual code--would be the main GUI
// thread...)
new Listener<A>(this);
new Listener<B>(this);
new Listener<C>(this);
};
};
main()
{
QApplication app;
/* plenty of stuff to set up RTI DDS and other things... */
auto myObject = new MyObject();
/* stuff resulting in the need to separate "construction" and "initialization" */
myObject.init();
return app.exec();
};
Some more details from the actual code:
The Listener in the example is a RTI DataReaderListener, the callback
function is onDataAvailable()
What I would like to accomplish
I am trying to write a little distributed program that uses RTI's Connext DDS for communication and Qt5 for the GUI stuff--however, I don't believe those details do matter much as the problem, as far as I understood it, boils down to the following:
I have a QObject-derived object myObject whose thread affinity might or might not be with the main GUI thread (but for simplicity, let's assume that is the case.)
I want that object to react to event's which happen in another, non-Qt 3rd-party library (in my example code above represented by the functions doSomeWorkWithData().
What I understand so far as to why this is problematic
Disclaimer: As usual, there is always more than one new thing one learns when starting a new project. For me, the new things here are/were RTI's Connext and (apparently) my first time where I myself have to deal with threads.
From reading about threading in Qt (1,2,3,4, and 5 ) it seems to me that
QObjects in general are not thread safe, i.e. I have to be a little careful about things
Using the right way of "communicating" with QObjects should allow me to avoid having to deal with mutexes etc myself, i.e. somebody else (Qt?) can take care of serializing access for me.
As a result from that, I can't simply have (random) calls to MyClass::doSomeWorkWithData() but I need to serialize that. One, presumably easy, way to do so is to post an event to the event queue myObject lives in which--when time is available--will trigger the execution of the desired method, MyClass::doSomeWorkWithData() in my case.
What I have tried to make things work
I have confirmed that myObject, when instantiated similarly as in the sample code above, is affiliated with the main GUI thread, i.e. myObject.thread() == QApplication::instance()->thread().
With that given, I have tried three options so far:
Option 1: Directly calling the function
This approach is based upon the fact that
- myObject lives in the GUI thread
- All the created listeners are also affiliated with the GUI thread as they are
created by `myObject' and inherit its thread that way
This actually results in the fact that doSomeWorkWithData() is executed. However,
some of those functions manipulate QGraphicsItems and whenever that is the case I get
error messages reading: "QObject::startTimer: timers cannot be started from another
thread".
Option 2: Posting an event via QMetaObject::invokeMethod()
Trying to circumvent this problem by properly posting an event for myObject, I
tried to mark MyObject::doSomeWorkWithData() with Q_INVOKABLE, but I failed at invoking the
method as I need to pass arguments with Q_ARG. I properly registered and declared my custom types
represented by struct A, etc. in the example), but I failed at the fact the
Q_ARG expanded to include a literal of the type of the argument, which in the
templated case didn't work ("T" isn't a registered or declared type).
Trying to use conventional signals and slots
This approach essentially directly failed at the fact that the QMeta system doesn't
work with templates, i.e. it seems to me that there simply can't be any templated QObjects.
What I would like help with
After spending about a week on attempting to fix this, reading up on threads (and uncovering some other issues in my code), I would really like to get this done right.
As such, I would really appreciate if :
somebody could show me a generic way of how a QObject's member function can be called via a callback function from another 3rd-party library (or anything else for that matter) from a different, non QThread-controlled, thread.
somebody could explain to me why Option 1 works if I simply don't create a GUI, i.e. do all the same work, just without a QGraphcisScene visualizing it (and the project's app being a QCoreApplication instead of a QApplication and all the graphics related work #defineed out).
Any, and I mean absolutely any, straw I could grasp on is truly appreciated.
Update
Based on the accepted answer I altered my code to deal with callbacks from other threads: I introduced a thread check at the beginning of my void doSomeWorkWithData() functions:
void doSomeWorkWithData(A a)
{
if( QThread::currentThread() != this->thread() )
{
QMetaObject::invokeMethod( this,"doSomeWorkWithData"
,Qt::QueuedConnection
,Q_ARG(A, a) );
return;
}
/* The actual work this function does would be below here... */
};
Some related thoughts:
I was contemplating to introduce a QMutexLocker before the if statement, but decided against it: the only part of the function that is potentially used in parallel (anything above the return; in the if statement) is--as far as I understand--thread safe.
Setting the connection type manually to Qt::QueuedConnection: technically, if I understand the documentation correctly, Qt should do the right thing and the default, Qt::AutoConnection, should end up becoming a Qt::QueuedConnection. But since would always be the case when that statement is reached, I decided to put explicitly in there to remind myself about why this is there.
putting the queuing code directly in the function and not hiding it in an interim function: I could have opted to put the call to invokeMethod in another interim function, say queueDoSomeWorkWithData()', which would be called by the callback in the listener and then usesinvokeMethodwith anQt::AutoConnection' on doSomeWorkWithData(). I decided against this as there seems no way for me to auto-code this interim function via templates (templates and the Meta system was part of the original problem), so "the user" of my code (i.e. the person who implements doSomeWorkWithData(XYZ xyz)) would have to hand type the interim function as well (as that is how the templated type names are correctly resolved). Including the check in the actual function seems to me to safe typing an extra function header, keeps the MyClass interface a little cleaner, and better reminds readers of doSomeWorkWithData() that there might be a threading issue lurking in the dark.
It is ok to call a public function on a subclass of QObject from another thread if you know for certain that the individual function will perform only thread-safe actions.
One nice thing about Qt is that it will handle foreign threads just as well as it handles QThreads. So, one option is to create a threadSafeDoSomeWorkWithData function for each doSomeWorkWithData that does nothing but QMetaMethod::invoke the non-threadsafe one.
public:
void threadSafeDoSomeWorkWithData(A a) {
QMetaMethod::invoke("doSomeWorkWithData", Q_ARG(A,a));
}
Q_INVOKABLE void doSomeWorkWithData(A a);
Alternatively, Sergey Tachenov suggests an interesting way of doing more or less the same thing in his answer here. He combines the two functions I suggested into one.
void Obj2::ping() {
if (QThread::currentThread() != this->thread()) {
// not sure how efficient it is
QMetaObject::invoke(this, "ping", Qt::QueuedConnection);
return;
}
// thread unsafe code goes here
}
As to why you see normal behaviour when not creating a GUI? Perhaps you're not doing anything else that is unsafe, aside from manipulating GUI objects. Or, perhaps they're the only place in which your thread-safety problems are obvious.
I am writing a simple char device driver. The function which we pass to module_init() is called at the time of module installation.
When we insert the module using insmod command the function passes to module_init() is gets called.
Is there any other method to call this module_init() function.
If you are talking about using something else than insmod, then no: insmod is the only way I know to initialize your module.
Otherwise, this module_init thing is a macro and isn't really a function call (you cannot call a function from global scope in C). It expands to some predefined "module constructor" that calls your initializing function, depending on if you're compiling as a dynamic module or as an object built into the kernel. Its role is to avoid having to #ifdef a lot when developing a module and making the development process easier (see this).
So if, for some reason (but I discourage you doing this), you want to call your initializing function from your module code, then just call it directly. For example:
static void some_other_function(void) {
// ...
initialize();
// ...
}
static int initialize(void) {
// your initialization code
}
module_init(initialize);
Edit: removed __init following Eugene's comment.
However, I recommend only the module_init expansion calls your initialization function and that other common code be in a separate function:
static void some_other_function(void) {
// ...
something_that_might_get_called_afterwards_also();
// ...
}
static int __init initialize(void) {
// your initialization code (done only once)
something_that_might_get_called_afterwards_also();
// some other one-time code
}
module_init(initialize);
I am modifying a Linux Kernel to add some functionality to the Linux Virtual Server (LVS).
I developed a module (which I called net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_utils.c) with some functions to be used when load-balancing. All the functions here are exported using EXPORT_SYMBOL().
This module, logically is not loaded all the time. My intention is to allow the user to decide if he want to use this additional functionality or not (loading or unloading the module).
My question is how could I invoke these functions OPTIONALLY (depending if the module is running or not) from a existing (and of course modified) module (net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_core.c). Something like this:
if(ip_vs_utils_IsLoaded)
{
function1(arg1, arg2, arg3); // being function1 defined on ip_vs_utils.c
}
I think you need a trampoline always(or almost always) loaded into kernel.
In trampoline code, you need to such variables.
struct module *ip_vs_utils_mod;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(ip_vs_utils_mod);
/* function pointers */
ret_type (*ip_vs_utils_afunc_ptr)(func_arg_list); /* Add static if you put it in a header file! */
EXPORT_SYMBOL(ip_vs_utils_afunc_ptr); /* ******EXPORTED***** */
When the ip_vs_utils is loaded, you need to init all the variables, initialization code in ip_vs_utils.c:
ip_vs_utils_mod = THIS_MODULE;
/* init function pointers */
/* ip_vs_utils_afunc_impl is the real implementation
* of the function, it is *****NOT***** needed to export it
*/
ip_vs_utils_afunc_ptr = ip_vs_utils_afunc_impl;
And add the trampoline functions in trampoline code:
ret_type ip_vs_utils_afunc(func_arg_list)
{
ret_type ret = DEFAULT_RET;
if (try_module_get(ip_vs_utils_mod)) {
ret = (*ip_vs_utils_afunc_ptr)(func_arg_list);
module_put(ip_vs_utils_mod);
}
return ret;
}
try_module_get() is needed to protect the module from being suddenly unloaded while ip_vs_utils_afunc_ptr() is being invoked.
You can also use RCU instead to reduce the overhead of try_module_get()/module_put(). (But it is hard)
Or you can used some trampoline-hack like dynamic link in userspace(you may need to change a lot in the linux kernel)