I am trying to cross compile a simple hello world program for a linux system.
I have the following information:
uname -a
Linux (none) 2.6.32.28 #130 PREEMPT Mon Feb 18 13:54:18 CST 2013 armv5tejl GNU/Linux
cat /proc/cpuinfo
Processor : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l)
BogoMIPS : 421.06
Features : swp half fastmult edsp java
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 5TEJ
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0x926
CPU revision : 5
Hardware : KeyASIC Ka2000 EVM
Revision : 0000
Serial : 0000000000000000
I would like to know how to cross compile for this system. I have tried the following:
arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc helloworld.c -march=armv5 -o helloworld
arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc helloworld.c -mcpu=arm926ej-s -o helloworld
But when I try and run the executable I get the error message "command not found".
I am probably not compiling it correctly but I don't know what compile options to use given the information I have.
(I know the helloworld.c is all working).
ls -l helloworld
-rwxr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Jan 1 00:00 helloworld
which helloworld
which: applet not found
I put busybox-armv5l on
busybox which helloworld
(no output)
ldd is also not on the system I am trying to compile for (its the transcend WifiSD card).
ls -ln /lib/libc*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 244279 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libc.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 0 0 13043 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libcrypt.so.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 0 0 1251776 Jan 1 00:00 /lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8
I tried to run /lib/libc.so.0 to get version information and I got a segmentation fault. It seems compiling with -static fixed the issue. So I guess it was an issue with the libc library. Thank you for the help.
I had to use -static flag to include c libraries in the binary. Thanks to auselen.
Related
# cat /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 7.8
uname -a
Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Oct 4 20:48:51 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
cat 99-custom.rules
ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="rule_end"
ENV{ID_VENDOR}=="NETAPP*", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 4096 > /sys%p/queue/max_sectors_kb'"
LABEL="rule_end"
----2nd option using KERNEL option just for dm-* devices
ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="rule_end"
KERNEL=="dm-[0-9]*",ENV{ID_VENDOR}=="NETAPP*", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 4096 > /sys%p/queue/max_sectors_kb'"
LABEL="rule_end"
udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger
/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
Issue : We don't see udev rule applied to all dm-* device
/sys/block/dm-19/queue/max_sectors_kb:512
/sys/block/dm-9/queue/max_sectors_kb:512
We even tried to remove ENV{ID_VENDOR}=="NETAPP*" from rule
What we need to apply max_sectors_kb to 4096 to all dm-* ( multipath devices )
and all sd* devices can be left default of 512
Any idea what could be wrong ?
This question already has an answer here:
Error during Cross-compiling C code with Dynamic libraries
(1 answer)
Closed 6 years ago.
I am using VAR-SOM-AM33 board and want to run sample code like hello world run on device and it gives -sh:./test:not found error
Toolchain used for compile code is gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.7-2013.03-20130313_linux.
Code is as below
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("hello world");
return 0;
}
for crosscompile file
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc test.c -march=armv7-a -marm -mthumb-interwork -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=neon -mtune=cortex-a8 -o test
output binary is shows as follows
test: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.31, BuildID[sha1]=2ce1c5b3d97dac2093fe2cd2d340cdaa9989923f, not stripped
After copy that file into hardware and run it shows following error
root#am335x-evm:~# ./test
-sh: ./test: not found
File permission also change by
root#am335x-evm:~# chmod +x test
but result shows same not found error.
Demo file which is running on hardware,its architecture as follows
root#am335x-evm:~# readelf -A /usr/bin/hello
Attribute Section: aeabi
File Attributes
Tag_CPU_name: "7-A"
Tag_CPU_arch: v7
Tag_CPU_arch_profile: Application
Tag_ARM_ISA_use: Yes
Tag_THUMB_ISA_use: Thumb-2
Tag_VFP_arch: VFPv3
Tag_Advanced_SIMD_arch: NEONv1
Tag_ABI_PCS_wchar_t: 4
Tag_ABI_FP_denormal: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_exceptions: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_number_model: IEEE 754
Tag_ABI_align8_needed: Yes
Tag_ABI_align8_preserved: Yes, except leaf SP
Tag_ABI_enum_size: int
Tag_ABI_HardFP_use: SP and DP
and file which is cross compiled,its architecture as follows
root#am335x-evm:~# readelf -A test
Attribute Section: aeabi
File Attributes
Tag_CPU_name: "7-A"
Tag_CPU_arch: v7
Tag_CPU_arch_profile: Application
Tag_ARM_ISA_use: Yes
Tag_THUMB_ISA_use: Thumb-2
Tag_VFP_arch: VFPv3
Tag_Advanced_SIMD_arch: NEONv1
Tag_ABI_PCS_wchar_t: 4
Tag_ABI_FP_denormal: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_exceptions: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_number_model: IEEE 754
Tag_ABI_align8_needed: Yes
Tag_ABI_align8_preserved: Yes, except leaf SP
Tag_ABI_enum_size: int
Tag_ABI_HardFP_use: SP and DP
Tag_ABI_VFP_args: VFP registers
Tag_CPU_unaligned_access: v6
Tag_unknown_44: 1 (0x1)
Also hardware cpuinfo is as follows
root#am335x-evm:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo
Processor : ARMv7 Processor rev 2 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 718.02
Features : swp half thumb fastmult vfp edsp thumbee neon vfpv3 tls
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x3
CPU part : 0xc08
CPU revision : 2
Hardware : Variscite VAR-SOM-AM33
Revision : 0000
Serial : 0000000000000000
I have tried running ldd command on target device.
root#am335x-evm:~# ldd
-sh: ldd: not found
So I suspect that the issue is related to the linker.
If I simply compile the file, without linking it.
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -mtune=cortex-a8 -march=armv7 -O -c test.c -o test
Now if I run this file I get this error.
root#am335x-evm:~# chmod +x test
root#am335x-evm:~# ./test
./test: line 1: syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")")
please suggest how to resolve this.
Thanks for solution, I found error with linker.
existing file has linker ld-linux.so.3 and crosscompiled file has linker ld-linux-armhf.so.3
root#am335x-evm:/usr/bin# readelf -l hello
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x82fc
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 52
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x00044c 0x0000844c 0x0000844c 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.3]
crosscompiled file program header
root#am335x-evm:~# readelf -l test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x82f9
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 52
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x000450 0x00008450 0x00008450 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00019 0x00019 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3]
after chang that linker program runs on target device.
root#am335x-evm:~# cd /lib/
root#am335x-evm:/lib# ls -l ld-linux.so.3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 1000 1000 12 Aug 7 2012 ld-linux.so.3 -> ld-2.12.2.so
root#am335x-evm:/lib# ln -s /li ld-2.12.2.so ld-linux-armhf.so.3
/lib/ /linuxrc
root#am335x-evm:/lib# ln -s /lib/ld-2.12.2.so ld-linux-armhf.so.3
root#am335x-evm:/lib# ldconfig
root#am335x-evm:/lib# cd
root#am335x-evm:~# ./test
hello worldroot#am335x-evm:~#
I'm troubleshooting a hung self test for the upcoming OpenSSL 1.1.0 on a particular machine. I've tried to debug this issue twice, and it resulted in two unresponsive GDB's and two hung processes:
$ ps -A | grep afalgtest
1030 pts/0 00:00:00 afalgtest
1196 pts/0 00:00:00 afalgtest
I was able to kill GDB, but I was not able to kill the hung processes.
According to /proc/<pid>/syscall, both are in syscall 248:
via:test$ sudo cat /proc/1030/syscall
248 0xb7fd6000 0x1 0xbfff98d4 0xb7fb9270 0xbfff98e0 0xb7ec45f7 0xbfff986c 0xb7fdbbe8
via:test$ sudo cat /proc/1196/syscall
248 0xb7fd6000 0x1 0xbfff98d4 0xb7fb9270 0xbfff98e0 0xb7ec45f7 0xbfff986c 0xb7fdbbe8
I'm running a machine with the VIA C7-D processor, and it needs Lubuntu 15 because its one of the few distros to support VIA's PM400 graphics chipset. Lubuntu 15 uses the 4.2 kernel:
$ uname -a
Linux via 4.2.0-30-generic #36-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 26 00:57:19 UTC 2016 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux
The next step is:
$ cat /usr/include/asm-generic/unistd.h | grep 248
$
Which returns nothing. Next, cat'ing unistd.h:
...
/*
* Architectures may provide up to 16 syscalls of their own
* starting with this value.
*/
#define __NR_arch_specific_syscall 244
#define __NR_wait4 260
__SC_COMP(__NR_wait4, sys_wait4, compat_sys_wait4)
#define __NR_prlimit64 261
__SYSCALL(__NR_prlimit64, sys_prlimit64)
#define __NR_fanotify_init 262
__SYSCALL(__NR_fanotify_init, sys_fanotify_init)
#define __NR_fanotify_mark 263
...
Just in case 248 is 0x248:
$ cat /usr/include/asm-generic/unistd.h | grep 584
$
So my question is, how can I determine which syscall the process is hung in?
It appears I have the latest kernel headers:
$ sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
linux-headers-4.2.0-30-generic is already the newest version.
linux-headers-4.2.0-30-generic set to manually installed.
The syscall number is decimal. Syscall table you are looking for can be found in arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl. Regardless, you are inspecting the wrong file. What you want to see is the entire backtrace provided in /stack file. The kernel is nice enough to not only unwind the stack but also resolve all symbols. Alternatively you can use a debugger (named crash) to inspect the live kernel.
I had symbolic link to the target libs:
~/opt/OpenBLAS/lib $ ls -al
total 0
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 59 Jul 9 13:03 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 user user 147 Jul 9 12:48 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 64 Jul 9 13:03 libopenblas.a -> ../openBLAS_v0.2.9df/lib/libopenblas_df029_sandybridgep-r0.2.9.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 65 Jul 9 13:03 libopenblas.so -> ../openBLAS_v0.2.9df/lib/libopenblas_df029_sandybridgep-r0.2.9.so
$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/home/user/opt/OpenBLAS/lib
Then the gcc has following args:
-L/home/user/opt/OpenBLAS/lib -lopenblas
however, after compiling, run the command it always throws out error:
error while loading shared libraries: libopenblas_df029.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
If I create a symbolic link libopenblas_df029.so.0 under the /home/user/opt/OpenBLAS/lib, it will then work.
Can anyone explain to me why this is happening and how can I change the behaviour?
Does this mean the libopenblas contain some suffix and the OS always append this suffix when trying to find lib file?
I think, your library "libopenblas_df029_sandybridgep-r0.2.9.so" is compiled with "-soname" switch
something like:
gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libopenblas_df029.so.0 source.c -o libopenblas_df029_sandybridgep-r0.2.9.so
When you link against such library, your executable tries to find library by name "libopenblas_df029.so.0" ( i.e. whatever name you specified in -soname switch )
The best way to find if this is true is to run following command and look for "SONAME"
readelf -d <shared_object> | head -10
Like #Icarus3 said, the linked executable contains the name of the library as it wants to be called (the SONAME).
There should be a symbolic link from that name to the actual shared library. If it is missing, the library is not properly installed -- usually it is a sign that you need to run ldconfig to update the symbolic links and the dynamic linker cache.
When we share custom built kernel, It is common to give without debug info.
Similar to sudo apt-get install linux-image-$(uname -r)-dbgsym, I would like to create separate debug info file for custom built kernel.
Here and here they explained generally. I request to share knowledge on creating separate debug info file for entire linux kernel.
For sample program
$ gcc -g calc.c
$ ls -l
total 16
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jeyaram jeyaram 8424 Apr 8 09:44 a.out
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jeyaram jeyaram 246 Apr 8 09:32 calc.c
$ objcopy --only-keep-debug a.out a.debug
$ gcc calc.c -------------> compiling without debug info (skipped 'strip')
$ ls -l
total 20
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jeyaram jeyaram 4736 Apr 8 09:45 a.debug
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jeyaram jeyaram 7200 Apr 8 09:52 a.out
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jeyaram jeyaram 246 Apr 8 09:32 calc.c
$ objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=a.debug a.out
$ gdb a.out
GNU gdb (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.4-2012.02-0ubuntu2) 7.4-2012.02
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://bugs.launchpad.net/gdb-linaro/>...
Reading symbols from /home/jeyaram/JJJ/debug_info_analysis/sample_c_test/a.out...Reading symbols from /home/jeyaram/JJJ/debug_info_analysis/sample_c_test/a.debug...done.
done.
But while trying with vmlinux
$ objcopy --only-keep-debug vmlinux vmlinux.debug
objcopy: Unable to recognise the format of the input file `vmlinux'
Missing something ???
vmlinux is a binary blob. The file you're looking for is vmlinux.bin (which is the elf intermediate).
Works like charm:
objcopy --only-keep-debug vmlinux.bin vmlinux.debug
arm-linux-gnueabi-objcopy --only-keep-debug vmlinux vmlinux.debug will works fine.
$ ls -l vmlinux*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jeyaram jeyaram 7871108 Apr 8 11:24 vmlinux
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jeyaram jeyaram 92520922 Apr 8 11:21 vmlinux.debug
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jeyaram jeyaram 162974220 Apr 7 14:16 vmlinux.o