Sign is referring to the extra column on the left that is added when using e.g. the syntastic plugin.
I'd like to save on space by having it take up only one column of space, if possible. I can change the sign used to > from >> but it's still two char's wide!
Unfortunately there is no way to modify the width of the sign column. It's hard-coded in Vim at two characters wide.
It's defined in the Vim source in screen.c (line 2149 in vim-73):
# ifdef FEAT_SIGNS
if (draw_signcolumn(wp))
{
int nn = n + 2;
/* draw the sign column left of the fold column */
if (nn > W_WIDTH(wp))
nn = W_WIDTH(wp);
screen_fill(W_WINROW(wp) + row, W_WINROW(wp) + endrow,
W_ENDCOL(wp) - nn, (int)W_ENDCOL(wp) - n,
' ', ' ', hl_attr(HLF_SC));
n = nn;
}
# endif
The int nn = n + 2 line is the culprit. You could try to hack it in the source, but I don't know if the rest of the layout depends on a width of 2. Note that this is for the non-GUI implementation; the GUI width is also fixed, but defined elsewhere in the source.
A workaround that works for anyone using set number.
set signcolumn=number will draw signs over the number column:
Related
"One unit of column width is equal to the width of one character in the Normal style. For proportional fonts, the width of the character 0 (zero) is used."
So ColumnWidth in Excel is measured as a number of "0" characters which fits in a column. How can this value be converted into pixels and vice versa?
As already mentioned ColumnWidth value in Excel depends on default font of a Workbook which can be obtained via Workbook.Styles("Normal").Font. Also it depends on current screen DPI.
After carrying out some research for different fonts and sizes in Excel 2013 I've found out that we have 2 linear functions (Arial cannot be seen because it overlaps with Tahoma.):
As it can be seen in the picture the function for ColumnWidth < 1 is different from the major part of the line chart. It's calculated as a number of pixels in a column / number of pixels needed to fit one "0" character in a column.
Now let's see what a typical cell width consists of.
A - "0" character width in the Normal Style
B - left and right padding
C - 1px right margin
A can be calculated with GetTextExtentPoint32 Windows API function, but font size should be a little bit bigger. By experiment I chose +0.3pt which worked for me for different fonts with 8-48pt base size. B is (A + 1) / 4 rounded to integer using "round half up". Also screen DPI will be needed here (see Python 3 implementation below)
Here are equations for character-pixel conversion and their implementation in Python 3:
import win32print, win32gui
from math import floor
def get_screen_dpi():
dc = win32gui.GetDC(0)
LOGPIXELSX, LOGPIXELSY = 88, 90
dpi = [win32print.GetDeviceCaps(dc, i) for i in (LOGPIXELSX,
LOGPIXELSY)]
win32gui.ReleaseDC(0, dc)
return dpi
def get_text_metrics(fontname, fontsize):
"Measures '0' char size for the specified font name and size in pt"
dc = win32gui.GetDC(0)
font = win32gui.LOGFONT()
font.lfFaceName = fontname
font.lfHeight = -fontsize * dpi[1] / 72
hfont = win32gui.CreateFontIndirect(font)
win32gui.SelectObject(dc, hfont)
metrics = win32gui.GetTextExtentPoint32(dc, "0")
win32gui.ReleaseDC(0, dc)
return metrics
def ch_px(v, unit="ch"):
"""
Convert between Excel character width and pixel width.
`unit` - unit to convert from: 'ch' (default) or 'px'
"""
rd = lambda x: floor(x + 0.5) # round half up
# pad = left cell padding + right cell padding + cell border(1)
pad = rd((z + 1) / 4) * 2 + 1
z_p = z + pad # space (px) for "0" character with padding
if unit == "ch":
return v * z_p if v < 1 else v * z + pad
else:
return v / z_p if v < z_p else (v - pad) / z
font = "Calibri", 11
dpi = get_screen_dpi()
z = get_text_metrics(font[0], font[1] + 0.3)[0] # "0" char width in px
px = ch_px(30, "ch")
ch = ch_px(px, "px")
print("Characters:", ch, "Pixels:", px, "for", font)
2022 and still the same Problem... Found threads going back to 2010 having the issue...
To start of: Pixel != Points
Points are defined as 72points/inch: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/language/glossary/vbe-glossary#point
Though that definition seems stupid, as a shape with a fixed width of 100points, would display the exact same size in inch on every monitor independent of monitor configuration, which is not the case.
Characters is a unit that is defined to the number of 0 characters of the default text format. A cell set to a width of 10 characters, can fit 10 "0" characters, when the cell content is formatted to the default format.
My case is that I need to place pictures into the document and place text into cells next to it. But pictures hover over the document and cells are hidden below it. Depending on the size of the Picture, more or less cells are hidden. Thus, I can't just say I place text 5 cells to the left of the picture. Autosizing a column to the contents of the cells of the column, does not account for the hovering picture.
A picture is bound to the cell that is below the top left corner of the picture. I need to set the size of that cell to the size of the picture to solve the issue.
A Picture is a Shape. A Shape returns its width as Points (Shape.Width).
A Range can be set to a cell like Worksheet.Range["A1"]. From a Range you can get the width in Characters (Range.ColumnWidth) or in Points (Range.Width). But you can only set the width of a Range in Characters (Range.ColumnWidth).
So we can retrieve the size of the Picture (Shape) in Points and need to convert them to Characters to set the cell to the correct width...
Some research showed that the Points size of a cell contains a constant for spacing (padding before and after the cell content) and probably the seperator lines between cells.
On my system:
A cell set to a width of 1 **Characters** = 9 **Points**
A cell set to a width of 2 **Characters** = 14.25 **Points**
A cell set to a width of 3 **Characters** = 19.5 **Points**
As I said, there is a constant within the Points. Thus going from 1 Characters, to 2 Characters, the difference is only the size of the letter.
SizeOfLetter = 14.25 Points - 9 Points = 5.25 Points
we can then subtract that SizeOfLetter from the Points for 1 Characters and get the Points constant.
PointsConstant = 9 Points - 5.25 Points = 3.75 Points
Verify:
Points size for a cell containing 3 "0" letters = 3SizeOfLetter + PointsConstant = 35.25 Points + 3.75 Points = 19.5 Points
As the values depend on your system, YOU CAN'T USE THOSE VALUES!
Best way is to use code to calculate it for your system:
C# code:
Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application();
Excel.Workbook workbook1 = excelApp.Workbooks.Add();
Excel.Worksheet sheet1 = (Excel.Worksheet)workbook1.ActiveSheet;
// Evaluate the Points data for the document
double previousColumnWidth = (double)sheet1.Range["A1"].ColumnWidth;
sheet1.Range["A1"].ColumnWidth = 1; // Make the cell fit 1 character
double points1 = (double)sheet1.Range["A1"].Width;
sheet1.Range["A1"].ColumnWidth = 2; // Make the cell fit 2 characters
double points2 = (double)sheet1.Range["A1"].Width;
double SizeOfLetter = points2 - points1;
double PointsConstant = points1 - pointsPerCharater;
// Reset the column width
sheet1.Range["A1"].ColumnWidth = previousColumnWidth;
// Create a function for the conversion
Func<double, double> PointsToCharacters = (double points) => (points - PointsConstant ) / SizeOfLetter ;
In my program I have several calculations that produce float numbers as results.
I would like to know if there's a general declaration in Python 3 that allows to limit all the floats in the program to let's say 8 digits, systematically ?
Thank you for your help !
# Create initial balance for user 1 and user 2.
bal_user1 = 21.82233503
bal_user2 = 5.27438039
# Calculate percentage of capital for each user
percent_capi_user2 = 100 * bal_user2 / ( bal_user1 + bal_user2)
percent_capi_user1 = 100 - percent_capi_user2
print("User 1 as " + str(percent_capi_user1) + (" % of the capital"))
print("User 2 as " + str(percent_capi_user2) + (" % of the capital"))
The output is :
User 1 as 80.53498253110413 % of the capital
User 2 as 19.465017468895866 % of the capital
I would like for example : 80.53498253 instead of 80.53498253110413
And since I'm doing several calculations later on in the program, I was wondering if there was a general declaration to put once at the beginning of the code. In order to avoid casting the right number of digits each time...
Well, buddy, I think I have just what you are looking for!
What you are looking for is the decimal module and the included Decimal class. Now, I am not going to go into it, because I am not that knowledgeful in it, but what I can do is point you in the right direction. In short, read the documentation here ( https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html?highlight=decimal#module-decimal ), and look for decimal.getcontext().prec, which will allow you to, at least with Decimal objects, control their precision "globally".
I have lots of images of three objects with a white background separated by white space. For example,
Is it possible to split this image (and ones like it) into three images automatically? It would be great if this also worked from the command line.
As #ypnos said, you want to collapse the rows by summation, or averaging. That will leave you with a vector the width of the image. Next clip everything below a high threshold, remembering that high numbers correspond to high brightness. This will select the white space:
Then you simply cluster the remaining indices and select the middle two clusters (since the outer two belong to the bordering white space). In python this looks like so:
import sklearn.cluster, PIL.Image, numpy, sys, os.path
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def split(fn, thresh=200):
img = PIL.Image.open(fn)
dat = numpy.array(img.convert(mode='L'))
h, w = dat.shape
dat = dat.mean(axis=0)
# plt.plot(dat*(dat>thresh);
path, fname = os.path.split(fn)
fname = os.path.basename(fn)
base, ext = os.path.splitext(fname)
guesses = numpy.matrix(numpy.linspace(0, len(dat), 4)).T
km = sklearn.cluster.KMeans(n_clusters=2, init=guesses)
km.fit(numpy.matrix(numpy.nonzero(dat>thresh)).T)
c1, c2 = map(int, km.cluster_centers_[[1,2]])
img.crop((0, 0, c1, h)).save(path + '/' + base + '_1' + ext)
img.crop((c1, 0, c2, h)).save(path + '/' + base + '_2' + ext)
img.crop((c2, 0, w, h)).save(path + '/' + base + '_3' + ext)
if __name__ == "__main__":
split(sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]))
One shortcoming of this method is that it may stumble on images with bright objects (failing to properly identify the white space), or are not separated by a clean vertical line (e.g., overlapping in the composite). In such cases line detection, which is not constrained to vertical lines, would work better. I leave implementing that to someone else.
You need to sum-up over every column in the image and compare the sum with the theoretical sum of all pixels in that column being white (i.e., #lines times 255). Add all columns that match the criterion to a list of indices. In case there is not always a fully clean line between the objects (e.g. due to compression artifacts), you can set a lower threshold instead of the full-white sum.
Now go through your list of indices. Remove all adjacent indices that start at the first column. Also remove all adjacent indices that end at the far right of the image. Create groups of indices that are adjacent to each other. In each group count the number of indices and calculate the mean index.
Now take the two largest groups and take their mean is the index for where to crop.
You can do this in a rather small script in Python with OpenCV, or C++ OpenCV program.
I am using DrawIt plugin in Vim 7 to draw some ASCII diagrams.
This might be too much, but still—
Is there any plugin which can display a grid in background, to make the drawing easier?
I can't add anything to #David and #romainl's thoughts (I think #romainl's suggestion of using a semi-transparent window with a grid behind it is inspired!).
However, you might find it easier to visualise the cursor position by using:
set cursorline
set cursorcolumn
Of course it's not a substitute for a true grid, but it will at least let you see at a glance the alignment of the cursor.
Let me propose an implementation emulating the guiding grid using Vim
highlighting features. The following function creates the necessary
highlighting taking two mandatory arguments and another two optional ones.
The former two are distances between horizontal and vertical lines,
correspondingly. The latter arguments are the height and the width of the
area covered with grid (in lines and characters, correspondingly). When these
arguments are not specified the number of lines in the buffer and the length
of the longest line in it are used.
function! ToggleGrid(...)
if exists('b:grid_row_grp') || exists('b:grid_prev_cc')
call matchdelete(b:grid_row_grp)
let &colorcolumn = b:grid_prev_cc
unlet b:grid_row_grp b:grid_prev_cc
return
endif
let [dr, dc] = [a:1, a:2]
if a:0 < 4
let [i, nr, nc] = [1, line('$'), 0]
while i <= nr
let k = virtcol('$')
let nc = nc < k ? k : nc
let i += 1
endwhile
else
let [nr, nc] = [a:3, a:4]
endif
let rows = range(dr, nr, dr)
let cols = range(dc, nc, dc)
let pat = '\V' . join(map(rows, '"\\%" . v:val . "l"'), '\|')
let b:grid_row_grp = matchadd('ColorColumn', pat)
let b:grid_prev_cc = &colorcolumn
let &colorcolumn = join(cols, ',')
endfunction
I'm inclined to agree with #romainl; I can't think of any way to do this truly in Vim without mucking around with the source. However, I can think of a few workarounds.
In many terminal emulators, you can set a background image. (xfce4-terminal has this feature, for example). You could design a background where the dimensions of each cell correspond to the space occupied by your monospace font.
Nate Kane's vim-indent-guide might be helpful- it displays vertical lines you could use to align characters. See the screenshots page for some examples.
You could abuse Vim's highlighting to simulate a grid of sorts.
A quesion about RGB color and finding the simplest, tiniest, php conversion code for manipulating the lightness/darkness of a given RGB hue.
Imagine a variable $colorA containning a valid six char RGB color, like F7A100 which we want to make a bit lighter and/or darker:
$color = B1B100; // original RGB color manually set.
Then, at any page have that color bit darker/lighter on the fly:
$colorX = someFunction($color, +10); // original color 10 steps lighter
$colorY = someFunction($color, -25); // original color 25 steps darker
What would be YOUR way of solving this? Keep the RGB as is or first change it to HSL? Hints and suggestions are welcome. Your sample/code is welcome too.
This really focuses to the TINIES / SIMPLES / SHORTEST possible code to just make the same hue bit darker/lighter.
I deliberately do not suggest my code, as I want to keep possibilities open in here.
The absolutely simplest solution is to add some constant (like 1) to each part of the color representation: [R, G, B]. This is due to the fact that max values of all [R, G, B] represent white, while min values - black. In pseudo-code (assuming 255 is max, sorry, I don't know PHP):
lighter(R, G, B) = [
min(255, R + 1),
min(255, G + 1),
min(255, B + 1)
]
You must keep in mind though that this transformation is way too simplistic and the proper implementation would be to convert to HSL/HSB, increase H and transform back to RGB.
For slight alteration of brightness you can convert the hexadecimal values to decimal, manipulate them and convert back to hexadecimal like this:
function alterBrightness($color, $amount) {
$rgb = hexdec($color); // convert color to decimal value
//extract color values:
$red = $rgb >> 16;
$green = ($rgb >> 8) & 0xFF;
$blue = $rgb & 0xFF;
//manipulate and convert back to hexadecimal
return dechex(($red + $amount) << 16 | ($green + $amount) << 8 | ($blue + $amount));
}
echo alterColor('eeeeee', -10); //outputs e4e4e4
Beware that this code does not handle overflow for one color - if one color value becomes less than 0 or more than 255 you will get an invalid color value. This should be easy enough to add.
For drastic changes in brightness, convert to HSL and manipulate the lightness.
Using the functions from the Drupal code, this can be done like this:
$hsl = _color_rgb2hsl(_color_unpack('eeeeee'));
$hsl[2] -= 10;
$rgb = _color_pack(_color_hsl2rgb($hsl));
echo $rgb; //outputs e4e4e4