How Do I Draw 3D Primitives in WP - visual-studio-2012

Question

I'm a green horn with XNA and I've been trying to get past this issue for several days but every time I try to get it done I get an exception or the application just plain exits and it has been very irritating.
I want to be able to draw a 3D primitive without having to have a model premade for it. I had this code first:
VertexPositionColor[] primitiveList = { new VertexPositionColor(
new Vector3(1,1,0), Color.White), new VertexPositionColor(
new Vector3(0,1,-1), Color.White) };
short[] lineListIndices = { 0, 1 };
Controller.CurrentGame.GraphicsDevice.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColor>(
PrimitiveType.LineList,
primitiveList,
0, // vertex buffer offset to add to each element of the index buffer
2, // number of vertices in pointList
lineListIndices, // the index buffer
0, // first index element to read
1 // number of primitives to draw
);
And I get an InvalidOperationException with the following
Message "Both a vertex shader and pixel shader must be set on the device before any draw operations may be performed."
So then I try following the instructions on http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb203926.aspx and end up with the following code:
BasicEffect basicEffect = new BasicEffect(Controller.Graphics.GraphicsDevice);
basicEffect.World = Matrix.Identity;
basicEffect.View = Controller.Cam.view;
basicEffect.Projection = Controller.Cam.projection;
// primitive color
basicEffect.AmbientLightColor = new Vector3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
basicEffect.DiffuseColor = new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
basicEffect.SpecularColor = new Vector3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f);
basicEffect.SpecularPower = 5.0f;
basicEffect.Alpha = 1.0f;
basicEffect.LightingEnabled = true;
if (basicEffect.LightingEnabled)
{
basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.Enabled = true; // enable each light individually
if (basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.Enabled)
{
// x direction
basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.DiffuseColor = new Vector3(1, 0, 0); // range is 0 to 1
basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.Direction = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(-1, 0, 0));
// points from the light to the origin of the scene
basicEffect.DirectionalLight0.SpecularColor = Vector3.One;
}
basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.Enabled = true;
if (basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.Enabled)
{
// y direction
basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.DiffuseColor = new Vector3(0, 0.75f, 0);
basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.Direction = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(0, -1, 0));
basicEffect.DirectionalLight1.SpecularColor = Vector3.One;
}
basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.Enabled = true;
if (basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.Enabled)
{
// z direction
basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.DiffuseColor = new Vector3(0, 0, 0.5f);
basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.Direction = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(0, 0, -1));
basicEffect.DirectionalLight2.SpecularColor = Vector3.One;
}
}
VertexDeclaration vertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(new VertexElement[]
{
new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Position, 0),
new VertexElement(12, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.Normal, 0),
new VertexElement(24, VertexElementFormat.Vector2, VertexElementUsage.TextureCoordinate, 0)
}
);
Vector3 topLeftFront = new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3 bottomLeftFront = new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3 topRightFront = new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3 bottomRightFront = new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3 topLeftBack = new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
Vector3 topRightBack = new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
Vector3 bottomLeftBack = new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
Vector3 bottomRightBack = new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
Vector2 textureTopLeft = new Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f);
Vector2 textureTopRight = new Vector2(1.0f, 0.0f);
Vector2 textureBottomLeft = new Vector2(0.0f, 1.0f);
Vector2 textureBottomRight = new Vector2(1.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3 frontNormal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3 backNormal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
Vector3 topNormal = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
Vector3 bottomNormal = new Vector3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
Vector3 leftNormal = new Vector3(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Vector3 rightNormal = new Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
VertexPositionNormalTexture[] cubeVertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[6];
// Front face.
cubeVertices[0] =
new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
topLeftFront, frontNormal, textureTopLeft);
cubeVertices[1] =
new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
bottomLeftFront, frontNormal, textureBottomLeft);
cubeVertices[2] =
new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
topRightFront, frontNormal, textureTopRight);
cubeVertices[3] =
new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
bottomLeftFront, frontNormal, textureBottomLeft);
cubeVertices[4] =
new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
bottomRightFront, frontNormal, textureBottomRight);
cubeVertices[5] =
new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
topRightFront, frontNormal, textureTopRight);
RasterizerState rasterizerState1 = new RasterizerState();
rasterizerState1.CullMode = CullMode.None;
Controller.Graphics.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = rasterizerState1;
foreach (EffectPass pass in basicEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
{
pass.Apply();
Controller.Graphics.GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(
PrimitiveType.TriangleList,
0,
12
);
}
And I get the following Exception
Message "A valid vertex buffer (and a valid index buffer if you are using indexed primitives) must be set on the device before any draw operations may be performed."
I know I shouldn't have all of this code in the same place, but I just want to be able to get something to draw so I can see how it works but nothing works and I can't seem to load any examples into VS.
As I've said I'm rather new and beyond the question I would also greatly appreciate any kind of reading material that would point in the right direction for 3D XNA. Thank you for reading.

Answer 1

In your first example you are properly drawing a list of vertices, but as the error said it had no shader. Quick note about shaders: since there are no custom shaders on WP7, this means you're not applying any Effect; WP7 is limited to the Effect subclasses that can be found here. They essentially contain built-in shaders.
In the second example you have a shader set up, but now you are not drawing from any list or buffer. DrawUserIndexedPrimitves takes an array of indices & vertices. It uses those to draw. DrawPrimitives doesn't; it relies on a vertex buffer being bound to the graphics device.
Either change that second example to DrawUserIndexedPrimitives and pass in your arrays (cubeVertices and...wait, you don't have an indices array, make one) to it, or set up a VertexBuffer with the same information and bind it as follows:
Controller.Graphics.GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vb);