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I'm a linux noob and I'm stuck on a small detail of a class assignment.
I meant to do this from a root shell:
useradd myname -g sudo -p 'openssl passwd -crypt abc123'
To create a sudoer account for me.
Messed it up the first time, so now it says the user already exists.
I want to make sure I'm in the sudoers group and that I know my password to SSH in.
The passwd command can't be used, nor the adduser command.
I know the useradd command is available, but not sure if I can use that somehow...
Ideas?
Edit: And how could I double-check that it worked?
Edit2: I don't have access to an editor like nano or vim :/
Why not just examine (or edit, given the required powers) the /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group and /etc/sudoers files?
Just about everything to do with standard security can be found there
To double check if it works, simply log in from another terminal and try.
Found a work-around:
userdel myname
useradd -m -g sudo -p `openssl passwd -1 abc123` myname
For some reason, I'm able to use sudo but am not in /etc/sudoers
#paxdiablo, thank you for the help!
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I would like to run sudo with my password as parameter so that I can use it for a script. I tried
sudo -S mypassword execute_command
but without any success. Any suggestions?
The -S switch makes sudo read the password from STDIN. This means you can do
echo mypassword | sudo -S command
to pass the password to sudo
However, the suggestions by others that do not involve passing the password as part of a command such as checking if the user is root are probably much better ideas for security reasons
You can set the s bit for your script so that it does not need sudo and runs as root (and you do not need to write your root password in the script):
sudo chmod +s myscript
echo -e "YOURPASSWORD\n" | sudo -S yourcommand
One option is to use the -A flag to sudo. This runs a program to ask for the password. Rather than ask, you could have a script that just spits out the password so the program can continue.
# Make sure only root can run our script
if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
echo "This script must be run as root" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
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I've created a user in Ubuntu 16.04 using the commands
sudo useradd peris
sudo passwd peris
Then I log off, ans log in with the new user but I got this error:
Could not chdir to home directory /home/peris: No such file or directory
To automatically create the user's home directory you have to call:
sudo useradd -m peris
From now on, the best you can do is manually create the user's home directory using:
sudo mkdir /home/peris
And set the user's home directory so the system actually knows where to go. This can be done using:
sudo usermod -d /home/peris peris
Also, you want to make sure the said user has rights on his own folder. Use:
sudo chown peris:peris /home/peris
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I have 2 linux machines. On one machine these are the users:
sysadmin2:x:4201:4200::/home/sysadmin2:/bin/bash
appadmin1:x:4100:4100::/home/appadmin1:/bin/bash
appadmin2:x:4101:4100::/home/appadmin2:/bin/bash
dataadmin1:x:4300:4300::/home/dataadmin1:/bin/bash
dataadmin2:x:4301:4300::/home/dataadmin2:/bin/bash
sysadmin1:x:4200:4200::/home/sysadmin1:/bin/bash
I want to replicate these to another machine. How can I create these users with same uid and gid values? Is there a way I can copy them to another machine?
First, create the group if it doesn't exist:
$ groupadd -g 4200 sysadmin2
Next, create the user and add it to the group:
$ useradd sysadmin2 -u 4201 -g 4200 -m -s /bin/bash
$ useradd appadmin1 -u 4100 -g 4100 -m -s /bin/bash
and don't forget to reset password for each user.
In summary and in general, you can use the useradd command to add users to a linux system. The -u flag allows you to set a specific user id and the -g flag allows you to set a specific group id. Please see useradd's manpage for more details -- on a terminal, type man useradd to see it.
Now, specifically about your problem, see below.
Assumming you have three groups on your original machine:
$ cat /etc/group
...
appadmins:x:4100:
sysadmins:x:4200:
dataadmins:x:4300:
...
On your destination/new machine, you should first create the groups using:
groupadd appadmins -g4100
groupadd sysadmins -g4200
groupadd dataadmins -g4300
Then, you can proceed to create the actual users like so:
useradd appadmin1 -u4100 -g4100 -d/home/appadmin1 -s/bin/bash
useradd appadmin2 -u4101 -g4100 -d/home/appadmin1 -s/bin/bash
useradd sysadmin1 -u4200 -g4200 -d/home/sysadmin1 -s/bin/bash
useradd sysadmin2 -u4201 -g4200 -d/home/sysadmin2 -s/bin/bash
useradd dataadmin1 -u4300 -g4300 -d/home/dataadmin1 -s/bin/bash
useradd dataadmin2 -u4301 -g4300 -d/home/dataadmin2 -s/bin/bash
The -d option is used to set the home directory and the -s option is used to set the shell. Again, -u and -g are used to set a specific user and group id.
To check that everything went correctly, just use grep admin on your /etc/passwd file:
$ grep admin /etc/passwd
appadmin1:x:4100:4100::/home/appadmin1:/bin/bash
appadmin2:x:4101:4100::/home/appadmin1:/bin/bash
sysadmin1:x:4200:4200::/home/sysadmin1:/bin/bash
sysadmin2:x:4201:4200::/home/sysadmin2:/bin/bash
dataadmin1:x:4300:4300::/home/dataadmin1:/bin/bash
dataadmin2:x:4301:4300::/home/dataadmin2:/bin/bash
If something is wrong, you can use userdel or groupdel accordingly and start over.
The account configure files could be shared by any Linux machine in same privileges. you could make a copy to that machine to have a same user list by this command:
scp /etc/{passwd,shadow} root#your_marchine_IP_address:/etc/ -p
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I'm trying to use "swapon -s" remotely but getting "command not found"
$ ssh ns2 swapon -s
bash: swapon: command not found
Using it locally works perfectly, what could be the reason for this?
There are several possible reasons:
You're not root at the remote side. Check this with who am i or id. To make sure you're root, use ssh root#ns2 ...
Your path is wrong. This is often a problem with sudo. Try ssh ns2 sudo /sbin/swapon
Try to ran
which swapon
If it returns something like
no swapon in (/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:...)
it means that swapon script isn't found anywhere
Maybe you're not in the sudoers file or you need to enter a password.
Be sure that you're really root so try try this and look if it differs:
ssh server.tld id
ssh server.tld sudo id
The second one should give you an output which should be this:
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
If this is not the output check your /etc/suders which should have an entry like this:
foo ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL
The command I runned and which worked:
ssh -l foo server.tld sudo swapon -s
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I would like to run sudo with my password as parameter so that I can use it for a script. I tried
sudo -S mypassword execute_command
but without any success. Any suggestions?
The -S switch makes sudo read the password from STDIN. This means you can do
echo mypassword | sudo -S command
to pass the password to sudo
However, the suggestions by others that do not involve passing the password as part of a command such as checking if the user is root are probably much better ideas for security reasons
You can set the s bit for your script so that it does not need sudo and runs as root (and you do not need to write your root password in the script):
sudo chmod +s myscript
echo -e "YOURPASSWORD\n" | sudo -S yourcommand
One option is to use the -A flag to sudo. This runs a program to ask for the password. Rather than ask, you could have a script that just spits out the password so the program can continue.
# Make sure only root can run our script
if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
echo "This script must be run as root" 1>&2
exit 1
fi