I have a large file that I need to edit in Linux.
the file has data fields enclosed by double quotes ( "" ). But when I open the file using notepad++ I see SOH character between the double quotes (ie. "filed1"SOH"field2"SOHSOH"field3"SOH"field4")
And when I open the same file in vim I see the double quotes followed by ^A character. (ie. "filed1"^A"field2"^A^A"field3"^A"field4")
Then when I execute this command in the command line
cat filename.txt | od -c | more
I see that the character is shown as 001 (ie. "filed1"001"field2"001001"field3"001"field4")
I have tried the following via vim
:s%/\\001//g
I also tried this command
sed -e s/\001//g filename.text > filename_new.txt
sed -e s/\\001//g filename.text > filename_new.txt
I need to remove those characters from that file.
How can I do that?
Your attempts at escaping the SOH character with \001 were close.
GNU sed has an extension to specify a decimal value with \d001 (there are also octal and hexadecimal variants):
$ sed -i -e 's/\d001//g' file.txt
In Vim, the regular expression atom looks slightly different: \%d001; alternatively, you can directly enter the character in the :%s command-line via Ctrl + V followed by 001; cp. :help i_CTRL-V_digit.
Use echo -e to get a literal \001 character into your sed command:
$ sed -i -e $(echo -e 's/\001//g') file.txt
(-i is a GNU sed extension to request in-place editing.)
just keep it simple with awk instead of having to fuss with quotation formatting issues :
mawk NF=NF FS='\1' OFS=
"filed1""field2""field3""field4"
I want to edit a file from the command line, because opening it in vim or other editors takes forever (a large file). I want to add a string ('chr') to the beginning of every line that is not commented out with a #. The command I am using is this:
cat '/home/me/37.vcf' | sed s/^/chr/>'sp.vcf'
But it adds a chr to the beginning of EVERY line and a > to the END of every line. I don't want either of those things to occur.
Can anyone offer any suggestions to improve my results?
To apply the substitution to only the lines that don't start with a #:
sed '/^[^#]/s/^/chr/' file > output
Note: the command cat is for concatenating files, it is useless here.
You can syntax error in your sed command. Use this syntactically correct sed command:
sed -E 's/^([^#]|$)/chr/' /home/me/37.vcf > sp.vcf
OR on Linux:
sed -r 's/^([^#]|$)/chr/' /home/me/37.vcf > sp.vcf
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed '/^\s*#/!s/^/chr/' file > new_file
Have some delimited files with improperly placed newline characters in the middle of fields (not line ends), appearing as ^M in Vim. They originate from freebcp (on Centos 6) exports of a MSSQL database. Dumping the data in hex shows \r\n patterns:
$ xxd test.txt | grep 0d0a
0000190: 3932 3139 322d 3239 3836 0d0a 0d0a 7c43
I can remove them with awk, but am unable to do the same with sed.
This works in awk, removing the line breaks completely:
awk 'gsub(/\r/,""){printf $0;next}{print}'
But this in sed does not, leaving line feeds in place:
sed -i 's/\r//g'
where this appears to have no effect:
sed -i 's/\r\n//g'
Using ^M in the sed expression (ctrl+v, ctrl+m) also does not seem to work.
For this sort of task, sed is easier to grok, but I am working on learning more about both. Am I using sed improperly, or is there a limitation?
You can use the command line tool dos2unix
dos2unix input
Or use the tr command:
tr -d '\r' <input >output
Actually, you can do the file-format switching in vim:
Method A:
:e ++ff=dos
:w ++ff=unix
:e!
Method B:
:e ++ff=dos
:set ff=unix
:w
EDIT
If you want to delete the \r\n sequences in the file, try these commands in vim:
:e ++ff=unix " <-- make sure open with UNIX format
:%s/\r\n//g " <-- remove all \r\n
:w " <-- save file
Your awk solution works fine. Another two sed solutions:
sed '1h;1!H;$!d;${g;s/\r\n//g}' input
sed ':A;/\r$/{N;bA};s/\r\n//g' input
I believe some versions of sed will not recognize \r as a character. However, you can use a bash feature to work around that limitation:
echo $string | sed $'s/\r//'
Here, you let bash replace '\r' with the actual carriage return character inside the $'...' construct before passing that to sed as its command. (Assuming you use bash; other shells should have a similar construct.)
sed -e 's/\r//g' input_file
This works for me. The difference of -e instead of -i command.
Also I mentioned that see on different platforms behave differently.
Mine is:sed --version
This is not GNU sed version 4.0
Another method
awk 1 RS='\r\n' ORS=
set Record Separator to \r\n
set Output Record Separator to empty string
1 is always true, and in the absence of an action block {print} is used
I have a text file which has a particular line something like
sometext sometext sometext TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED sometext sometext sometext
I need to replace the whole line above with
This line is removed by the admin.
The search keyword is TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED
I need to write a shell script for this. How can I achieve this using sed?
You can use the change command to replace the entire line, and the -i flag to make the changes in-place. For example, using GNU sed:
sed -i '/TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED/c\This line is removed by the admin.' /tmp/foo
You need to use wildcards (.*) before and after to replace the whole line:
sed 's/.*TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED.*/This line is removed by the admin./'
The Answer above:
sed -i '/TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED/c\This line is removed by the admin.' /tmp/foo
Works fine if the replacement string/line is not a variable.
The issue is that on Redhat 5 the \ after the c escapes the $. A double \\ did not work either (at least on Redhat 5).
Through hit and trial, I discovered that the \ after the c is redundant if your replacement string/line is only a single line. So I did not use \ after the c, used a variable as a single replacement line and it was joy.
The code would look something like:
sed -i "/TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED/c $REPLACEMENT_TEXT_STRING" /tmp/foo
Note the use of double quotes instead of single quotes.
The accepted answer did not work for me for several reasons:
my version of sed does not like -i with a zero length extension
the syntax of the c\ command is weird and I couldn't get it to work
I didn't realize some of my issues are coming from unescaped slashes
So here is the solution I came up with which I think should work for most cases:
function escape_slashes {
sed 's/\//\\\//g'
}
function change_line {
local OLD_LINE_PATTERN=$1; shift
local NEW_LINE=$1; shift
local FILE=$1
local NEW=$(echo "${NEW_LINE}" | escape_slashes)
# FIX: No space after the option i.
sed -i.bak '/'"${OLD_LINE_PATTERN}"'/s/.*/'"${NEW}"'/' "${FILE}"
mv "${FILE}.bak" /tmp/
}
So the sample usage to fix the problem posed:
change_line "TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED" "This line is removed by the admin." yourFile
All of the answers provided so far assume that you know something about the text to be replaced which makes sense, since that's what the OP asked. I'm providing an answer that assumes you know nothing about the text to be replaced and that there may be a separate line in the file with the same or similar content that you do not want to be replaced. Furthermore, I'm assuming you know the line number of the line to be replaced.
The following examples demonstrate the removing or changing of text by specific line numbers:
# replace line 17 with some replacement text and make changes in file (-i switch)
# the "-i" switch indicates that we want to change the file. Leave it out if you'd
# just like to see the potential changes output to the terminal window.
# "17s" indicates that we're searching line 17
# ".*" indicates that we want to change the text of the entire line
# "REPLACEMENT-TEXT" is the new text to put on that line
# "PATH-TO-FILE" tells us what file to operate on
sed -i '17s/.*/REPLACEMENT-TEXT/' PATH-TO-FILE
# replace specific text on line 3
sed -i '3s/TEXT-TO-REPLACE/REPLACEMENT-TEXT/'
for manipulation of config files
i came up with this solution inspired by skensell answer
configLine [searchPattern] [replaceLine] [filePath]
it will:
create the file if not exists
replace the whole line (all lines) where searchPattern matched
add replaceLine on the end of the file if pattern was not found
Function:
function configLine {
local OLD_LINE_PATTERN=$1; shift
local NEW_LINE=$1; shift
local FILE=$1
local NEW=$(echo "${NEW_LINE}" | sed 's/\//\\\//g')
touch "${FILE}"
sed -i '/'"${OLD_LINE_PATTERN}"'/{s/.*/'"${NEW}"'/;h};${x;/./{x;q100};x}' "${FILE}"
if [[ $? -ne 100 ]] && [[ ${NEW_LINE} != '' ]]
then
echo "${NEW_LINE}" >> "${FILE}"
fi
}
the crazy exit status magic comes from https://stackoverflow.com/a/12145797/1262663
In my makefile I use this:
#sed -i '/.*Revision:.*/c\'"`svn info -R main.cpp | awk '/^Rev/'`"'' README.md
PS: DO NOT forget that the -i changes actually the text in the file... so if the pattern you defined as "Revision" will change, you will also change the pattern to replace.
Example output:
Abc-Project written by John Doe
Revision: 1190
So if you set the pattern "Revision: 1190" it's obviously not the same as you defined them as "Revision:" only...
bash-4.1$ new_db_host="DB_HOSTNAME=good replaced with 122.334.567.90"
bash-4.1$
bash-4.1$ sed -i "/DB_HOST/c $new_db_host" test4sed
vim test4sed
'
'
'
DB_HOSTNAME=good replaced with 122.334.567.90
'
it works fine
To do this without relying on any GNUisms such as -i without a parameter or c without a linebreak:
sed '/TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED/c\
This line is removed by the admin.
' infile > tmpfile && mv tmpfile infile
In this (POSIX compliant) form of the command
c\
text
text can consist of one or multiple lines, and linebreaks that should become part of the replacement have to be escaped:
c\
line1\
line2
s/x/y/
where s/x/y/ is a new sed command after the pattern space has been replaced by the two lines
line1
line2
cat find_replace | while read pattern replacement ; do
sed -i "/${pattern}/c ${replacement}" file
done
find_replace file contains 2 columns, c1 with pattern to match, c2 with replacement, the sed loop replaces each line conatining one of the pattern of variable 1
To replace whole line containing a specified string with the content of that line
Text file:
Row: 0 last_time_contacted=0, display_name=Mozart, _id=100, phonebook_bucket_alt=2
Row: 1 last_time_contacted=0, display_name=Bach, _id=101, phonebook_bucket_alt=2
Single string:
$ sed 's/.* display_name=\([[:alpha:]]\+\).*/\1/'
output:
100
101
Multiple strings delimited by white-space:
$ sed 's/.* display_name=\([[:alpha:]]\+\).* _id=\([[:digit:]]\+\).*/\1 \2/'
output:
Mozart 100
Bach 101
Adjust regex to meet your needs
[:alpha] and [:digit:]
are Character Classes and Bracket Expressions
This worked for me:
sed -i <extension> 's/.*<Line to be replaced>.*/<New line to be added>/'
An example is:
sed -i .bak -e '7s/.*version.*/ version = "4.33.0"/'
-i: The extension for the backup file after the replacement. In this case, it is .bak.
-e: The sed script. In this case, it is '7s/.*version.*/ version = "4.33.0"/'. If you want to use a sed file use the -f flag
s: The line number in the file to be replaced. In this case, it is 7s which means line 7.
Note:
If you want to do a recursive find and replace with sed then you can grep to the beginning of the command:
grep -rl --exclude-dir=<directory-to-exclude> --include=\*<Files to include> "<Line to be replaced>" ./ | sed -i <extension> 's/.*<Line to be replaced>.*/<New line to be added>/'
The question asks for solutions using sed, but if that's not a hard requirement then there is another option which might be a wiser choice.
The accepted answer suggests sed -i and describes it as replacing the file in-place, but -i doesn't really do that and instead does the equivalent of sed pattern file > tmp; mv tmp file, preserving ownership and modes. This is not ideal in many circumstances. In general I do not recommend running sed -i non-interactively as part of an automatic process--it's like setting a bomb with a fuse of an unknown length. Sooner or later it will blow up on someone.
To actually edit a file "in place" and replace a line matching a pattern with some other content you would be well served to use an actual text editor. This is how it's done with ed, the standard text editor.
printf '%s\n' '/TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED/' d i 'This line is removed by the admin' . w q | \
ed -s /tmp/foo > /dev/null
Note that this only replaces the first matching line, which is what the question implied was wanted. This is a material difference from most of the other answers.
That disadvantage aside, there are some advantages to using ed over sed:
You can replace the match with one or multiple lines without any extra effort.
The replacement text can be arbitrarily complex without needing any escaping to protect it.
Most importantly, the original file is opened, modified, and saved. A copy is not made.
How it works
How it works:
printf will use its first argument as a format string and print each of its other arguments using that format, effectively meaning that each argument to printf becomes a line of output, which is all sent to ed on stdin.
The first line is a regex pattern match which causes ed to move its notion of "the current line" forward to the first line that matches (if there is no match the current line is set to the last line of the file).
The next is the d command which instructs ed to delete the entire current line.
After that is the i command which puts ed into insert mode;
after that all subsequent lines entered are written to the current line (or additional lines if there are any embedded newlines). This means you can expand a variable (e.g. "$foo") containing multiple lines here and it will insert all of them.
Insert mode ends when ed sees a line consisting of .
The w command writes the content of the file to disk, and
the q command quits.
The ed command is given the -s switch, putting it into silent mode so it doesn't echo any information as it runs,
the file to be edited is given as an argument to ed,
and, finally, stdout is thrown away to prevent the line matching the regex from being printed.
Some Unix-like systems may (inappropriately) ship without an ed installed, but may still ship with an ex; if so you can simply use it instead. If have vim but no ex or ed you can use vim -e instead. If you have only standard vi but no ex or ed, complain to your sysadmin.
It is as similar to above one..
sed 's/[A-Za-z0-9]*TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED.[A-Za-z0-9]*/This line is removed by the admin./'
Below command is working for me. Which is working with variables
sed -i "/\<$E\>/c $D" "$B"
I very often use regex to extract data from files I just used that to replace the literal quote \" with // nothing :-)
cat file.csv | egrep '^\"([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.)' | sed s/\"//g | cut -d, -f1 > list.txt
Does sed have a command to append a line after a matched line? I tried searching around but was a bit confused with the results.
Basiclly I want it to match
#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1
And add a line below it like
#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1
address=/anotherurl/ipaddress
Is this possible?
You can use the a(append) command in sed:
$ sed -i '/^#address=\/doubleclick.net\/127.0.0.1$/a\
> address=/anotherurl/ipaddress' file.txt
Or you can use s(substitute) command:
$ sed -i 's#^#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1$#&\naddress=/anotherurl/ipaddress#' file.txt
Note: $ and > are bash prompt.
This might work for you:
echo "#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1"|
sed '\|#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1|a\address=/anotherurl/ipaddress'
#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1
address=/anotherurl/ipaddress
You can use any delimiter you like in an address by prepending a \ i.e. \|...| for the substitute command the \ is not necessary.
If you want a blank line then some text following the match, use:
echo "#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1"|
sed '\|#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1|a\\naddress=/anotherurl/ipaddress'
#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1
address=/anotherurl/ipaddress