Core Data private queue deadlock - multithreading

Question

I have a background thread doing some processing, and saving to Core Data. In my app delegate's applicationShouldTerminate, I wait on a semaphore which is released when the background thread completes its work. This is to avoid killing the thread in the middle of its work and leaving things in an inconsistent state.
Unfortunately, this causes a deadlock. Here is how the background job operates:
_context = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] initWithConcurrencyType:NSPrivateQueueConcurrencyType];
[_context setParentContext:_parentContext];
[_context performBlock:
^{
// ... long-running task here ...
NSError * error;
[_context save:&error]; // deadlock here if main thread is waiting on semaphore
// ... release semaphore here ...
}];
If the user quits the app while the background thread is still working, it deadlocks. The problem seems to be that [_context save:&error] is calling dispatch_sync (or an equivalent) into the main thread - but the main thread is already waiting for this thread to release the semaphore, and so isn't able to run the block.
Since a child context save appears to block on the main thread, how can this pattern (main thread waiting for child to complete and save its context) be achieved?
Main thread:
#0 0x00007fff882e96c2 in semaphore_wait_trap ()
#1 0x00007fff876264c2 in _dispatch_semaphore_wait_slow ()
#2 0x00000001001157fb in +[IndxCore waitForBackgroundJobs] at /Users/mspong/dev/Indx/IndxCore/IndxCore/IndxCore.m:48
#3 0x00000001000040c6 in -[RHAppDelegate applicationShouldTerminate:] at /Users/mspong/dev/Indx/Indx/Indx/RHAppDelegate.m:324
#4 0x00007fff9071a48f in -[NSApplication _docController:shouldTerminate:] ()
#5 0x00007fff9071a39e in __91-[NSDocumentController(NSInternal) _closeAllDocumentsWithDelegate:shouldTerminateSelector:]_block_invoke_0 ()
#6 0x00007fff9071a23a in -[NSDocumentController(NSInternal) _closeAllDocumentsWithDelegate:shouldTerminateSelector:] ()
(snip)
#17 0x00007fff9048e656 in NSApplicationMain ()
#18 0x0000000100001e72 in main at /Users/mspong/dev/Indx/Indx/Indx/main.m:13
#19 0x00007fff8c4577e1 in start ()
Background thread:
#0 0x00007fff882e96c2 in semaphore_wait_trap ()
#1 0x00007fff87627c6e in _dispatch_thread_semaphore_wait ()
#2 0x00007fff87627ace in _dispatch_barrier_sync_f_slow ()
#3 0x00007fff8704a78c in _perform ()
#4 0x00007fff8704a5d2 in -[NSManagedObjectContext(_NestedContextSupport) executeRequest:withContext:error:] ()
#5 0x00007fff8702c278 in -[NSManagedObjectContext save:] ()
#6 0x000000010011640d in __22-[Indexer updateIndex]_block_invoke_0 at /Users/mspong/dev/Indx/IndxCore/IndxCore/Indexer/Indexer.m:70
#7 0x00007fff87079b4f in developerSubmittedBlockToNSManagedObjectContextPerform_privateasync ()
#8 0x00007fff876230fa in _dispatch_client_callout ()
#9 0x00007fff876244c3 in _dispatch_queue_drain ()
#10 0x00007fff87624335 in _dispatch_queue_invoke ()
#11 0x00007fff87624207 in _dispatch_worker_thread2 ()
#12 0x00007fff88730ceb in _pthread_wqthread ()
#13 0x00007fff8871b1b1 in start_wqthread ()

Answer 1

In applicationShouldTerminate: you can return NSTerminateLater to delay the termination until the background context has finished the save operation.
When the saving is done, you call
[[NSApplication sharedApplication] replyToApplicationShouldTerminate:YES];
to quit the application.