ServicePointManager.DefaultConnectionLimit in Worker Role - azure

Just learning about Windows Azure at the moment.
I'm looking at a few samples and in the
OnStart Event of a worker role I see
ServicePointManager.DefaultConnectionLimit = 5;
I do not understand the relevance of this.
In your worker role, you can set the number of instances so surely this limits the number of entries?
Sorry I'm confused.

We hit a problem similar to this on our team. By default, the default number of outgoing connections per domain is set to 2 by default. This limits the number of concurrent connections that you can have and can cause perform issues. I'd take a look at the blog below, which goes into some detail on the problem.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jpsanders/understanding-maxservicepointidletime-and-defaultconnectionlimit
In terms of adjusting the number of instances, while can scale out the number of instances that are running inside of Azure, simply scaling out will not address bottlenecks on a single instance.

This setting most directly applies to using Windows Azure storage. You have a single host endpoint (e.g. .table.windows.core.net) that will be limited to only 2 connections if you do not set this policy. However, if you know about Windows Azure storage then you know you achieve scale by parallelizing requests. You want many simultaneous connections in this case. In our environment, where we have extreme partitioning and many IO bound operations, we have this limit around 100, IIRC.

Related

Choosing the right EC2 instance for three NodeJS Applications

I'm running three MEAN stack programmes. Each application receives over 10,000 monthly users. Could you please assist me in finding an EC2 instance for my apps?
I've been using a "t3.large" instance with two vCPUs and eight gigabytes of RAM, but it costs $62 to $64 per month.
I need help deciding which EC2 instance to use for three Nodejs applications.
First check CloudWatch metrics for the current instances. Is CPU and memory usage consistent over time? Analysing the metrics could help you to decide whether you should select a smaller/bigger instance or not.
One way to avoid too unnecessary costs is to use auto scaling groups and load balancers. By using them and finding and applying proper settings, you could have always right amount of computing power for your applications.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/working_with_metrics.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/auto-scaling-groups.html
Depends on your applications. If your apps need more compute power or more memory or more storage? Deciding a server is similar to installing an app on system. Check what are basic requirements for it & then proceed to choose server.
If you have 10k+ monthly customers, think about using ALB so that traffic gets distributed evenly. Try caching to server some content if possible. Use unlimited burst mode of t3 servers if CPU keeps hitting 100%. Also, try to optimize code so that fewer resources are consumed. Once you are comfortable with ec2 choice, try to purchase saving plans or RIs for less cost.
Also, do monitor the servers & traffic using Cloudwatch agent, internet monitor etc features.

Limit number of servers on Azure functions (consumption plan)

Is it possible to fix a cap on the number of servers on which the azure functions scale? I have a consumption plan and basically I would like to set a cap on the number of resources that azure functions can use.
The only solutions I found are:
set a cap for daily GB/sec threshold, after which the functions are stopped until the following day, which is definitely something I do not want because I need to use some functions for online tasks.
In the host.json, changing parameters for http.maxConcurrentRequests and http.maxOutstandingRequests, which will affect the number of concurrent functions running. Is this the thing should I look into? isn't this setting per-server level? my fear is that this won't end up capping resources, but insted will let Azure create just more and more servers, in order to comply with request loads
You can use the WEBSITE_MAX_DYNAMIC_APPLICATION_SCALE_OUT app setting: The maximum number of instances that the function app can scale out to. Default is no limit.
Note: This setting is a preview feature - and only reliable if set to a value <= 5
Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-app-settings#websitemaxdynamicapplicationscaleout
One thing to note is that timer-triggered functions are automatically singletons. In my case that was sufficient, as I can wake-up such function every minute and process specific amount of data. Even if the function takes longer than expected, there's no risk a second one will be run concurrently.
More info: https://stackoverflow.com/a/53919048/4619705

Websocket exhausted on Azure App Service Standard S1 plan?

We've updated from Basic to Standard for our two instance App Service apps, and I'm getting this warning:
Based on this the Standard plan should have unlimited websocket?
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/azure-subscription-service-limits/#app-service-limits
What is the meaning of this?
Unlimited in this case means that there is not going to be any artificial throttling of your site. However, a physical machine is only capable of handling a certain number of sockets before it runs out, and at the end of the day every instance of your site is running on just that, a physical machine.
If you're running out of sockets either try scaling out your site to multiple instances or better yet take a closer look at your application to see if there are ways to reduce the number of sockets simultaneously in use.

Azure web site questions

I currently have a web application deployed to "Web Sites" - This is configured in standard mode and it performs really well from what I have seen so far.
I have a few questions:
1)My instance size is currently small - however I can scale out to 10 instances. Does this also mean that if I change my instance size to medium or large, I can still have 10 instances?
2)What is the maximum number of instances I can have for an azure web site?
3)Is there any SLA for a single azure instance?
4)Is it possible to change the instance size programatically or is better to just change the instance count
1) Yes
2) 10 for standard.
3) Yes, for Websites Basic and Standard, MS guarantee a 99.9% monthly availability.
4) It depends on a lot of factors. The real question is "Is it better for your app to scale up or scale out?"
Yes, the default limit is 10 instances regardless of the size.
The default limit is 10 instances, but you can contact Azure Support to have the limit increased. Default and "real" limits for Azure services are documented here.
According to the Websites pricing page Free and Shared sites have no SLA and Basic and Standard sites have 99.9% uptime SLA. Having a single instance means that during the 0.1% outage time (43.8 minutes per month) your site will be down. If you have multiple instances then most likely at least one will be up at any given time.
Typically instance auto-scaling is used to handle variation in demand while instance size would be used for application performance. If you only get 100 requests per day but each request is slow because it's maxing out CPU then adding more instances won't help you. Likewise if you're getting millions of requests that are being processed quickly but the volume is maxing out your resources then adding more instances is probably the better solution.

Number of instances needed for windows azure application

I'm fairly new to Windows Azure and want to host a survey application that will be filled out by appr. 30.000 users simultaniously.
The application consists of 1 .aspx page that will be sent to the client once, asks 25 questions and will give a wrap-up of the given answers at the end. When the user has given the answer and hits the 'next question' buttons the given answer will be send via an .ashx handler to the server. The response is the next question and answers. The wrap-up is sent to the client after a full postback.
The answer is saved in an Azure Table that is partitioned so that each partition can hold a max of 450 users.
I would like to ask if someone can give an estimated guess about how many web-role instances we need to start in order to have this application keep running. (If that is too hard to say, is it more likely to start 5, 50 or 500 instances?)
What is a better way to go: 20 small instances or 5 large instances?
Thanks for your help!
The most obvious answer: you would be best served by testing this yourself and see how your application holds up. You can easily get performance counters and other diagnostics out of Windows Azure; for instance, you can connect Microsoft SCOM (System Center Operations Manager) to monitor your environment during test. Site Hammer is a simple load testing tool for Windows Azure (on MSDN code gallery).
Apart from this very obvious answer, I will share some guesstimates: given the type of load, you are probably better of with more small instances as opposed to a lower number of large ones, especially since you already have your storage partitioned. If you are really going to have 30K visitors simultaneously and give them a ~15 second interval between reading the questions & posting their answers you are looking at 2,000 requests per second. 10 nodes should be more than enough to handle that load. Remember that this is just a simple estimate, lacking any form of insight in your architecture, etc. For these types of loads, caching is a very good idea; it will dramatically increase the load each node can handle.
However, the best advice I can give you is to make sure that you are actively monitoring. It takes less than 30 minutes to spin up additional instances, so if you monitor your environment and/or make sure that you are notified whenever it starts to choke, you can easily upgrade your setup. Keep in mind that you do need to contact customer support to be able to go over 20 instances (this is a default limit, in place to protect you from over-spending).
Aside from the sage advice tijmenvdk gave you, let me add my opinion on instance size. In general, go with the smallest size that will support your app, and then scale out to handle increased traffic. This way, when you scale back down, your minimum compute cost is kept low. If you ran, say, a pair of extra-large instances as your baseline (since you always want minimum two instances to get the uptime SLA), your cost footprint starts at 0.12 x 8 x 2 = $1.92 per hour, even during low-traffic times. If you go with small instances, you'd be at 0.12 x 1 x 2 = $0.24 per hour.
Each VM size as associated CPU, memory, and local 9non-durable) disk storage, so pick the smallest size unit that your app works efficiently in.
For load/performance-testing, you might also want to consider a hosted solution such as Loadstorm.
How simultaneous are the requests in reality?
Will they all type the address in at exactly the same time?
That said, profile your app locally, this will enable you to estimate CPU, Network and Memory usage on Azure. Then, rather than looking at how many instances you need, look at how you can reduce the requirement! Apply these tips, and profile locally again.
Most performance tips have a tradeoff between cpu, memory or bandwith usage, the idea is to ensure that they scale equally. If you're application runs out of memory, but you have loads of CPU and network, dont
For a single page survey, ensure your html, css & js is minified, ensure its cacheable.
Combine them if possible, and to get really scaleable, push static files (css,js & images) to a CDN. This all reduces the number of requests the webserver has to deal with, and therefore reduces the number of webroles you will need = less network.
How does the ashx return the response? i.e. is it sending html, xml or json?
personally, I'd get it to return JSON, as this will require less network bandwidth, and most likely less server side processing = less mem and network.
Use Asyncronous API's to access azure storage (this uses IO completion ports to free up the iis thread to handle more requests until azure storage comes back = enabling cpu to scale)
tijmenvdk has already mentioned using queues to write. Do the list of questions change? if not, cache them, so that the app only has to read from table storage once on start-up and once for each client for the final wrap-up = saves network and cpu at the expense of memory.
All of these tips are equally applicable to a normal web application, on a single server or web-farm environment.
The point I'm trying to make is that what you can't measure, you cant improve, and measurement, improvement and cost all go hand in hand. Dynamic scaling will reduce costs, but fundamentally if your application hasn't been measured and resource usage optimised, asking how many instances you need is pointless.

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