What's the default socket buffer size of linux? Is there any command to see it?
If you want see your buffer size in terminal, you can take a look at:
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem (for read)
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem (for write)
They contain three numbers, which are minimum, default and maximum memory size values (in byte), respectively.
For getting the buffer size in c/c++ program the following is the flow
int n;
unsigned int m = sizeof(n);
int fdsocket;
fdsocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,IPPROTO_UDP); // example
getsockopt(fdsocket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,(void *)&n, &m);
// now the variable n will have the socket size
Whilst, as has been pointed out, it is possible to see the current default socket buffer sizes in /proc, it is also possible to check them using sysctl (Note: Whilst the name includes ipv4 these sizes also apply to ipv6 sockets - the ipv6 tcp_v6_init_sock() code just calls the ipv4 tcp_init_sock() function):
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rmem
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
However, the default socket buffers are just set when the sock is initialised but the kernel then dynamically sizes them (unless set using setsockopt() with SO_SNDBUF). The actual size of the buffers for currently open sockets may be inspected using the ss command (part of the iproute/iproute2 package), which can also provide a bunch more info on sockets like congestion control parameter etc. E.g. To list the currently open TCP (t option) sockets and associated memory (m) information:
ss -tm
Here's some example output:
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.56.102:ssh 192.168.56.1:56328
skmem:(r0,rb369280,t0,tb87040,f0,w0,o0,bl0,d0)
Here's a brief explanation of skmem (socket memory) - for more info you'll need to look at the kernel sources (i.e. sock.h):
r:sk_rmem_alloc
rb:sk_rcvbuf # current receive buffer size
t:sk_wmem_alloc
tb:sk_sndbuf # current transmit buffer size
f:sk_forward_alloc
w:sk_wmem_queued # persistent transmit queue size
o:sk_omem_alloc
bl:sk_backlog
d:sk_drops
I'm still trying to piece together the details, but to add to the answers already given, these are some of the important commands:
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/udp_mem
cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
ss -m # see `man ss`
References & help pages:
Man pages
man 7 socket
man 7 udp
man 7 tcp
man ss
https://www.linux.org/threads/how-to-calculate-tcp-socket-memory-usage.32059/
Atomic size is 4096 bytes, max size is 65536 bytes. Sendfile uses 16 pipes each of 4096 bytes size.
cmd : ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &buff_size).
Related
I am running iperf measurements between two servers, connected through 10Gbit link. I am trying to correlate the maximum window size that I observe with the system configuration parameters.
In particular, I have observed that the maximum window size is 3 MiB. However, I cannot find the corresponding values in the system files.
By running sysctl -a I get the following values:
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 6291456
net.core.rmem_max = 212992
The first value tells us that the maximum receiver window size is 6 MiB. However, TCP tends to allocate twice the requested size, so the maximum receiver window size should be 3 MiB, exactly as I have measured it. From man tcp:
Note that TCP actually allocates twice the size of the buffer requested in the setsockopt(2) call, and so a succeeding getsockopt(2) call will not return the same size of buffer as requested in the setsockopt(2) call. TCP uses the extra space for administrative purposes and internal kernel structures, and the /proc file values reflect the larger sizes compared to the actual TCP windows.
However, the second value, net.core.rmem_max, states that the maximum receiver window size cannot be more than 208 KiB. And this is supposed to be the hard limit, according to man tcp:
tcp_rmem
max: the maximum size of the receive buffer used by each TCP socket. This value does not override the global net.core.rmem_max. This is not used to limit the size of the receive buffer declared using SO_RCVBUF on a socket.
So, how come and I observe a maximum window size larger than the one specified in net.core.rmem_max?
NB: I have also calculated the Bandwidth-Latency product: window_size = Bandwidth x RTT which is about 3 MiB (10 Gbps # 2 msec RTT), thus verifying my traffic capture.
A quick search turned up:
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/4e5448a31d73d0e944b7adb9049438a09bc332cb/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c
in void tcp_select_initial_window()
if (wscale_ok) {
/* Set window scaling on max possible window
* See RFC1323 for an explanation of the limit to 14
*/
space = max_t(u32, sysctl_tcp_rmem[2], sysctl_rmem_max);
space = min_t(u32, space, *window_clamp);
while (space > 65535 && (*rcv_wscale) < 14) {
space >>= 1;
(*rcv_wscale)++;
}
}
max_t takes the higher value of the arguments. So the bigger value takes precedence here.
One other reference to sysctl_rmem_max is made where it is used to limit the argument to SO_RCVBUF (in net/core/sock.c).
All other tcp code refers to sysctl_tcp_rmem only.
So without looking deeper into the code you can conclude that a bigger net.ipv4.tcp_rmem will override net.core.rmem_max in all cases except when setting SO_RCVBUF (whose check can be bypassed using SO_RCVBUFFORCE)
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem takes precedence net.core.rmem_max according to https://serverfault.com/questions/734920/difference-between-net-core-rmem-max-and-net-ipv4-tcp-rmem:
It seems that the tcp-setting will take precendence over the common max setting
But I agree with what you say, this seems to conflict with what's written in man tcp, and I can reproduce your findings. Maybe the documentation is wrong? Please find out and comment!
I'm trying to increase the size of my socket receive buffer size using setsockopt() on linux. I can set it successfully to any value below 244KB. Any value above 244KB gets truncated to 244KB.
There appears to be some sort of system limit in place, but I can't figure where it is coming from, as it doesn't correspond with values below:
$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem
4096 87380 4194304
$ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
4096 16384 4194304
$ cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
124928
$ cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
124928
The default value is 87380 as expected, but I can't increase it to 4194304. It gets limited to 244KB. Interestingly that value is 2X rmem_default, do I need to change that?
Thanks
From man page for TCP:
The maximum sizes for socket buffers declared via the SO_SNDBUF and
SO_RCVBUF mechanisms are limited by the global net.core.rmem_max and
net.core.wmem_max sysctls. Note that TCP actually allocates twice the
size of the buffer requested in the setsockopt(2) call, and so a suc-
ceeding getsockopt(2) call will not return the same size of buffer as
requested in the setsockopt(2) call
So what you pass for SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF gets doubled while allocation. And as such you cannot pass the max value (4194304) in setsockopt
I founds this information in /proc which displays sockets:
$ cat /proc/net/sockstat
sockets: used 8278
TCP: inuse 1090 orphan 2 tw 18 alloc 1380 mem 851
UDP: inuse 6574
RAW: inuse 1
FRAG: inuse 0 memory 0
Can you help me to find what these values means? Also are these values enough reliable or I need to search for it somewhere else?
Is these other way to find information about the TCP/UDP connections in Linux?
Can you help me to find what these values means?
As per code here the values are number of sockets in use (TCP / UDP), number of orphan TCP sockets (socket that applications have no more handles to, they already called close()). TCP tw I am not sure but, based on structure name (tcp_death_row), those are the sockets to be definitively destroyed in near future? sockets represent the number of allocated sockets (as per my understand, contemplates TCP sockets in different states) and mem is number of pages allocated by TCP sockets (memory usage).
This article has some discussions around this topic.
In my understanding the /proc/net/sockstat is The most reliable place to look for that information. I often use it myself, and to have one single server to manage 1MM simultaneous connections that was the only place I could reliably count that information.
You can use the netstat command which itself utilizes the /proc filesystem but prints information more readable for humans.
If you want to display the current tcp connections for example, you can issue the following command:
netstat -t
Check man netstat for the numerous options.
I'm using Linux 2.6.38 (fc14). What is the ioctl flag to get the amount of free space on a socket file descriptor (say, a TCP socket)? I found NetBSD has FIONREAD, FIONWRITE and FIONSPACE for such related purposes. But, I could only use FIONREAD in Linux.
SIOCOUTQ is the Linux equivalent of FIONWRITE. I don't believe there is a direct FIONSPACE equivalent: instead, you can subtract the value returned by SIOCOUTQ from the socket send buffer size, which can be obtained with getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, ...).
For information, about what #HKK says, found in man socket(7):
SO_SNDBUF
Sets or gets the maximum socket send buffer in bytes. The
kernel doubles this value (to allow space for bookkeeping overhead)
when it is set using setsockopt(2), and this doubled value is
returned by getsockopt(2). The default value is set by the
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default file and the maximum allowed value is
set by the /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max file. The minimum (doubled)
value for this option is 2048.
In Linux, one can specify the system's default receive buffer size for network packets, say UDP, using the following commands:
sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=<value>
sysctl -w net.core.rmem_default=<value>
But I wonder, is it possible for an application (say, in c) to override system's defaults by specifying the receive buffer size per UDP socket in runtime?
You can increase the value from the default, but you can't increase it beyond the maximum value. Use setsockopt to change the SO_RCVBUF option:
int n = 1024 * 1024;
if (setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &n, sizeof(n)) == -1) {
// deal with failure, or ignore if you can live with the default size
}
Note that this is the portable solution; it should work on any POSIX platform for increasing the receive buffer size. Linux has had autotuning for a while now (since 2.6.7, and with reasonable maximum buffer sizes since 2.6.17), which automatically adjusts the receive buffer size based on load. On kernels with autotuning, it is recommended that you not set the receive buffer size using setsockopt, as that will disable the kernel's autotuning. Using setsockopt to adjust the buffer size may still be necessary on other platforms, however.