knot points at specific points in the chart - excel

How do I mark knot points at specific points on the curve not all. For example, I plot the following curve -
(x1,y1)
(x2,y2)
(x3,y3)
(x4,y4)
(x5,y5)
I want to mark knot points on x2 and x4. Is there some way to do this?

Make two data series, one with all points, another with the points you want marked. Format the first (all points) to display the line without markers, and the second (selected points) to display markers without the line.

Related

The closest point

How to place n points in a plane so that the distance between every two points is unique and at the same time we could choose one of them that is the closest for all others n-1 points.
I tried to draw it. But I was able to draw it only for max n=5. I drew two perpendicular lines. One point I was intersection of the lines and the others points lie on the line so that they formed a quadrilateral and point I was inside. With more points it seems impossible to me but I can't prove why

Given two curves(both formed of certain points),firgure out point count of one curve over another

As the pic show, both curves are of spline line, and have limited points. I want to figure out the count of green points. Is there any idea?
I assume the black curve is x-monotone (otherwise the "one above the other" term can be ambiguous).
A simple approach is to consider the black curve as a polygonal line and for each point p on the red curve find the point q on the polygonal line with the same x-coordinate. Then the green points are those p that have a larger y-coordinate than their corresponding q.
Finding the point q corresponding to a given p amounts to going over the segments of the polygonal line and identifying segments that have one endpoint with smaller x-coordinate and the other with larger. Once you have such a segment the y-value of q is just a linear interpolation.
Since the polygonal line is x-monotone, the x-coordinates of the points are sorted. Therefore, the search for the corresponding segments can be done efficiently using logarithmic binary-search.

Build a geographical map from triangle points based on distance

I have 5 {x,y} points randomly placed on a grid
Each of the points do not know the {x,y} coordinates of the other points
Each of the points do know the distance of each of the other points from their {x,y} position
Each of the points exchanges this distance information with every other point
So every point knows every distance of every other point
Using this distance information every point can calculate (by finding the angles) triangles for every other point using itself as a reference point
Example, point 1 can calculate the following triangles:
1-2-3,
1-2-4,
1-2-5,
1-3-4,
1-3-5,
1-4-5,
and using the distance data recieved from the other points it can also calculate
2-3-4,
2-3-5,
2-4-5,
3-4-5
I would like to build a map of the location of every other point relative to a single point
How should I go about doing this? I am asuming it would be some kind of triangulation algorithm but these mainly seem to compute the location of a point from three other points, not the other way around where the other points {x,y} coordinates are discovered based on only the distance information.
I have tried plotting the two possible triangles for every 3 triangle points and then rotating them on a fixed known point to try and align them, but I think this avenue will end up with too many possibilities and errors
Ultimately I would like every point to end up with {x,y} coordinates of every other point relative to itself
You know the distance from one point to every other, dij. Thus, point 2 lies in a circumference of center point 1 and radius = d12. Point 3 lies in a circumference of center point 1 and R=d13 and it also lies in another circumference of center point 2 and R=d23.
See this picture:
I've set point 2 in X-axis for simplicity.
As you see, point 3 is on the intersection of two cicrcumferences centered at P1 and P2. There is a second intersection, P3a. Let's choose the one that is upwards and continue.
For P4 we can use three circumferences, centered at P1, P2 and P3. Again we get two solutions.
The same process can be done with the rest of points. For Pn you have n-1 circumferences.
I'm sure you can find the maths for circle-circle intersection.
Some remarks must be observed:
1) The construction is simpler if you first sort the points by distance to P1.
2) Not all distances generate a solution. For example, increase d13 an there's no intersection between the two circumferences for P3. Or increase d14 and now the three circumferences don't intersect in just the two expected points 4 and 4a.
3) This fact can be overworked by considering the average of intersections and the distance from each solution to this average. You can set a tolerance in these distances and tell if the average is a solution or else some dij is wrong. Since two solutions are possible, you must consider two averages.
4) The two possible triangulations are symmetric, over X-axis in the case I've drawn.
The real solution is obtained by a rotation around P1. To calculate the angle of rotation you need the {x,y} coordinates of another point.

Interpolated curves between existing curves do not look correct

I have a chart that has several existing curves on it that I have tried to interpolate new curves in between. I have used linear interpolation in the form of y = ((x - x1)(y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)) + y1, however the new curves look out of place.
You can see in the picture that every second line (from the bottom) is the interpolated line. While the very second line data points are exactly centered between the first and third data points in the y axis, the third line data points are not centered between the second and fourth y data points, making the graph look skew.
So I am thinking linear interpolation may not be what I am after here. Can someone recommend another method that would create curves between the existing ones, but replicates the same form?
Sudden changes in gradient are hard to interpolate. When you're at the point where you want an interpolated line to suddenly change gradient, there is no information from the points in close proximity that give information as to where the sudden change in gradient should occur.
To replicate the pattern, you actually need to copy the gradient of the line below then smoothly transition to the gradient of the line above. Visually we can see that it should occur half way between the change in gradients for the lines above and below on either side, but detecting the locations of those changes is not trivial.
The points where the sudden change in gradient are occurring are separated by a large change in the x-axis by only a small change in the y-axis. When calculating y-values for x-values in between the the changes in gradient you get the aberrations. I suggest trying to interpolate x-values based on y-values instead. For each curve, for each small arbitrary step in the y-axis, find/calculate the closest x-values from the curve on either side and take the average to plot your interpolation.
An unconventional approach may be a piece-meal style of interpolation. It may be possible to model the 3 regions of different gradients separately.
Start by identifying the 2 lines that would be drawn through the 2 sets of kinks, creating 3 regions of space. The vertical line would stop at the horizontal line near the bottom right corner of the graph.
For each region (and potentially for each value of x in each region) determine the gradient of the lines. When you're doing your interpolation of a new line, for each starting point (x1, y1), look at which region it falls in. Use the gradient of that region as a significant factor when determining the next point. Keep doing this until you reach a region boundary. When the interpolated point crosses into a different region, then use the gradient of that region as a significant factor to interpolate the next point.
It will be quite pointy if you did this strictly, so graph with some smoothing (or incorporate a smoothing factor using weighted averages of the gradients as you transition between regions, but this could be a whole lot of effort without necessarily closer results!)

Rotate X,Y Coordinates from Bottom Right to Top left

I'm using NodeXL to plot a lot of points which are actual coordinates for cities.
The thing is that the way it's plotted now is that North America is on the Bottom Right but it should be on the top left like on a normal map.
It's like this for all of the points so pretty much I need to rotate the whole graph so that what's on the bottom right will be top left after transformation, and what's on the top right will be on the bottom left.
I have two columns with X and Y points as follows (for example):
X Y
6,238.2 9,896.0
6,141.9 9,896.0
I'm not sure the formula or Math behind this kind of rotation.
The graph is only positive so from (0,0) upward and outward to the right, there are no negative values on the x or y axis.
Could anyone help me out?
For the sake of an answer:
To quote #Tim Williams: Instead of plotting x and y plot (width-x) and (height-y)
Example:

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