How to replace spaces in file names using a bash script - linux

Question

Can anyone recommend a safe solution to recursively replace spaces with underscores in file and directory names starting from a given root directory? For example:
$ tree
.
|-- a dir
| `-- file with spaces.txt
`-- b dir
|-- another file with spaces.txt
`-- yet another file with spaces.pdf
becomes:
$ tree
.
|-- a_dir
| `-- file_with_spaces.txt
`-- b_dir
|-- another_file_with_spaces.txt
`-- yet_another_file_with_spaces.pdf

Answer 1

I use:
for f in *\ *; do mv "$f" "${f// /_}"; done
Though it's not recursive, it's quite fast and simple. I'm sure someone here could update it to be recursive.
The ${f// /_} part utilizes bash's parameter expansion mechanism to replace a pattern within a parameter with supplied string.
The relevant syntax is ${parameter/pattern/string}. See: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Shell-Parameter-Expansion.html or http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/pe .

Answer 2

Use rename (aka prename) which is a Perl script which may be on your system already. Do it in two steps:
find . -name "* *" -type d | rename 's/ /_/g' # do the directories first
find . -name "* *" -type f | rename 's/ /_/g'
Based on Jürgen's answer and able to handle multiple layers of files and directories in a single bound using the "Revision 1.5 1998/12/18 16:16:31 rmb1" version of /usr/bin/rename (a Perl script):
find /tmp/ -depth -name "* *" -execdir rename 's/ /_/g' "{}" \;

Answer 3

find . -depth -name '* *' \
| while IFS= read -r f ; do mv -i "$f" "$(dirname "$f")/$(basename "$f"|tr ' ' _)" ; done
failed to get it right at first, because I didn't think of directories.

Answer 4

you can use detox by Doug Harple
detox -r <folder>

Answer 5

A find/rename solution. rename is part of util-linux.
You need to descend depth first, because a whitespace filename can be part of a whitespace directory:
find /tmp/ -depth -name "* *" -execdir rename " " "_" "{}" ";"

Answer 6

you can use this:
find . -depth -name '* *' | while read fname
do
new_fname=`echo $fname | tr " " "_"`
if [ -e $new_fname ]
then
echo "File $new_fname already exists. Not replacing $fname"
else
echo "Creating new file $new_fname to replace $fname"
mv "$fname" $new_fname
fi
done

Answer 7

bash 4.0
#!/bin/bash
shopt -s globstar
for file in **/*\ *
do
mv "$file" "${file// /_}"
done

Answer 8

Recursive version of Naidim's Answers.
find . -name "* *" | awk '{ print length, $0 }' | sort -nr -s | cut -d" " -f2- | while read f; do base=$(basename "$f"); newbase="${base// /_}"; mv "$(dirname "$f")/$(basename "$f")" "$(dirname "$f")/$newbase"; done

Answer 9

In macOS
Just like the chosen answer.
brew install rename
#
cd <your dir>
find . -name "* *" -type d | rename 's/ /_/g' # do the directories first
find . -name "* *" -type f | rename 's/ /_/g'

Answer 10

For those struggling through this using macOS, first install all the tools:
brew install tree findutils rename
Then when needed to rename, make an alias for GNU find (gfind) as find. Then run the code of #Michel Krelin:
alias find=gfind
find . -depth -name '* *' \
| while IFS= read -r f ; do mv -i "$f" "$(dirname "$f")/$(basename "$f"|tr ' ' _)" ; done

Answer 11

Here's a (quite verbose) find -exec solution which writes "file already exists" warnings to stderr:
function trspace() {
declare dir name bname dname newname replace_char
[ $# -lt 1 -o $# -gt 2 ] && { echo "usage: trspace dir char"; return 1; }
dir="${1}"
replace_char="${2:-_}"
find "${dir}" -xdev -depth -name $'*[ \t\r\n\v\f]*' -exec bash -c '
for ((i=1; i<=$#; i++)); do
name="${#:i:1}"
dname="${name%/*}"
bname="${name##*/}"
newname="${dname}/${bname//[[:space:]]/${0}}"
if [[ -e "${newname}" ]]; then
echo "Warning: file already exists: ${newname}" 1>&2
else
mv "${name}" "${newname}"
fi
done
' "${replace_char}" '{}' +
}
trspace rootdir _

Answer 12

This one does a little bit more. I use it to rename my downloaded torrents (no special characters (non-ASCII), spaces, multiple dots, etc.).
#!/usr/bin/perl
&rena(`find . -type d`);
&rena(`find . -type f`);
sub rena
{
($elems)=#_;
#t=split /\n/,$elems;
for $e (#t)
{
$_=$e;
# remove ./ of find
s/^\.\///;
# non ascii transliterate
tr [\200-\377][_];
tr [\000-\40][_];
# special characters we do not want in paths
s/[ \-\,\;\?\+\'\"\!\[\]\(\)\#\#]/_/g;
# multiple dots except for extension
while (/\..*\./)
{
s/\./_/;
}
# only one _ consecutive
s/_+/_/g;
next if ($_ eq $e ) or ("./$_" eq $e);
print "$e -> $_\n";
rename ($e,$_);
}
}

Answer 13

An easy alternative to recursive version is to increase the range of for loop step by step(n times for n sub-levels irrespective of number of sub-directories at each level). i.e from the outermost directory run these.
for f in *; do mv "$f" "${f// /_}"; done
for f in */*; do mv "$f" "${f// /_}"; done
for f in */*/*; do mv "$f" "${f// /_}"; done
To check/understand what's being done, run the following before and after the above steps.
for f in *;do echo $f;done
for f in */*;do echo $f;done
for f in */*/*;do echo $f;done

Answer 14

I found around this script, it may be interesting :)
IFS=$'\n';for f in `find .`; do file=$(echo $f | tr [:blank:] '_'); [ -e $f ] && [ ! -e $file ] && mv "$f" $file;done;unset IFS

Answer 15

Here's a reasonably sized bash script solution
#!/bin/bash
(
IFS=$'\n'
for y in $(ls $1)
do
mv $1/`echo $y | sed 's/ /\\ /g'` $1/`echo "$y" | sed 's/ /_/g'`
done
)

Answer 16

This only finds files inside the current directory and renames them. I have this aliased.
find ./ -name "* *" -type f -d 1 | perl -ple '$file = $_; $file =~ s/\s+/_/g; rename($_, $file);

Answer 17

I just make one for my own purpose.
You may can use it as reference.
#!/bin/bash
cd /vzwhome/c0cheh1/dev_source/UB_14_8
for file in *
do
echo $file
cd "/vzwhome/c0cheh1/dev_source/UB_14_8/$file/Configuration/$file"
echo "==> `pwd`"
for subfile in *\ *; do [ -d "$subfile" ] && ( mv "$subfile" "$(echo $subfile | sed -e 's/ /_/g')" ); done
ls
cd /vzwhome/c0cheh1/dev_source/UB_14_8
done

Answer 18

For files in folder named /files
for i in `IFS="";find /files -name *\ *`
do
echo $i
done > /tmp/list
while read line
do
mv "$line" `echo $line | sed 's/ /_/g'`
done < /tmp/list
rm /tmp/list

Answer 19

My solution to the problem is a bash script:
#!/bin/bash
directory=$1
cd "$directory"
while [ "$(find ./ -regex '.* .*' | wc -l)" -gt 0 ];
do filename="$(find ./ -regex '.* .*' | head -n 1)"
mv "$filename" "$(echo "$filename" | sed 's|'" "'|_|g')"
done
just put the directory name, on which you want to apply the script, as an argument after executing the script.

Answer 20

Use below command to replace space with underscore in filename as well as directory name.
find -name "* *" -print0 | sort -rz | \
while read -d $'\0' f; do mv -v "$f" "$(dirname "$f")/$(basename "${f// /_}")"; done

Answer 21

If you need to rename only files in one directory by replacing all spaces. Then you can use this command with rename.ul:
for i in *' '*; do rename.ul ' ' '_' *; done

Answer 22

Actually, there's no need to use rename script in perl:
find . -depth -name "* *" -execdir bash -c 'mv "$1" `echo $1 | sed s/ /_/g`' -- {} \;