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Where does ‘Hello world’ come from?
What was the first Hello World application written in?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_world_program
The first known instance of the usage
of the words "hello" and "world"
together in computer literature
occurred earlier, in Kernighan's 1972
Tutorial Introduction to the Language
B
Let me google that for you.
It was written in B.
When I first started programming (20 years ago) my mom told me about her Hello World program she wrote in college. She used punch cards.
I believe that the first Hello World was written in C and published in the book The C Programming Language.
According to Wikipedia, it was in B.
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Haskell read raw keyboard input
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I'm writing simple console Pomodoro timer (as my Haskell learning exercise):
Until that time menu was based on the prompt line. But now I want to replace it with arrow-based menu, like in Yeoman:
How can I do it in Haskell?
I read about System.Console.Terminfo.Keys and other System.Console packages, but not found solution for my question.
One way to do that would be to use bindings to ncurses library. Infact ncurses shows you an example of handing the key character "Q" in their sample program.
Another nice Haskell solution is vty-ui which has got a nice documentation to it.
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Suggestions for writing a programming language?
I have used many programming languages and after several years of experience I have finally decided to make a language with my friends. I know that this is a task not for the faint of heart. We are devoted to the task and are going to make sure that this gets completed.
Now I wanted to start off by asking: what are the steps to writing a programming language? What should we start off with (ex. The parser)?
Any answer is helpful!
If this is your first language, then work on all parts of it at the same time, start with a mini language spec and extend it feature by feature. Unless a its a domain specific language you should use a language that comes close to what you try to implement so that later you might be able to write a conversion tool to get a bootstrapping version of your compiler.
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Scrap Your Boilerplate in f#
I'm missing the sort generic traversal and transformation libraries that I have in Haskell when I'm working in F#.
Has anyone looked at doing something like Uniplate/Biplate for F#?
There's a brief mention in the comments of one of Neil Mitchell's blog posts, but I never found any further development:
http://neilmitchell.blogspot.com/2008/09/general-updates.html
I imagine you could build something on .NET reflection instead of type-classes, but I don't want to dig too deep without looking at prior art.
See
Scrap Your Boilerplate in f#
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How to get kids into programming
Suggestions on starting a child programming.
Is there a really simple programming language that I can use to teach my 6 year old son concepts of programming, syntax and logic?
I'm probably the only one here with this opinion, but I think 6 is too young to start a child on programming. Those years are critical for development of a whole host of skills including social skills that are not computer-related (that, indeed, may be antithetical to computer use) and intellectual ones that actually will contributed to computing skills later on (I'm talking about math and problem solving skills).
I've started introducing my kids to programming at the ages of 8 and 10, but I don't expect them to take a serious interest in it until their middle school years (starting at age 11/12). In general my kids spend much, much less time in front of a computer than their classmates. They both lead their classes academically and are well socially adjusted.
Logo. Designed specifically by Seymour Papert to teach children how to program how to deal with recursion etc. etc. all without using those words to put people of. Particularly when linked to turtle graphics to give a readily available and recognisable output and feedback.
Because it was designed to cover all the fundamentals in programming it does not necessarily major in anything, but the ides is to give the children all the core fundamentals.
Try Scratch.
Take a look at Small Basic from Microsoft.
By providing a small and easy to learn
programming language in a friendly and
inviting development environment,
Small Basic makes programming a
breeze. Ideal for kids and adults
alike, Small Basic helps beginners
take the first step into the wonderful
world of programming.
I think the quote sums it up, really! :)
Yes, there is Plain English Programming Language
Check out www.pythonturtle.org
Guido van Robot is a logo like application that uses Python.
(source: sourceforge.net)
I suggest python via Snake Wrangling for Kids:
“Snake Wrangling for Kids” is a
printable electronic book, for
children 8 years and older, who would
like to learn computer programming. It
covers the very basics of programming,
and uses the Python 3 programming
language to teach the concepts.
Personally I think Tcl is perfect as a beginning language, especially for young people. It has an interactive console for instant gratification, and tk is by far one of the easiest GUI toolkits on the planet. One or two lines of code to see a window on a screen. Just a couple lines of code to create a canvas and draw rudimentary shapes, etc.
I know many people don't like Tcl, but I think that's more out of ignorance than anything else. And I mean that in a good way -- if you don't understand Tcl but know more traditional languages, it's hard to see the beauty in such a simple yet powerful language. The whole definition of the language fits in a single man page, so it's easy to grasp the fundamentals.
Finally, as a teaching tool it lets you recreate just about any language construct you wish. You can not only show them for and while loops, you can create repeat/until loops, or anything other types of looping to emulate other languages.
I started learning programming in the hey-day of Pascal, a language which many would say is designed for learning. Here's a quote from Wikipedia:
Criticism
While very popular (although more so in the 1980s and early 1990s than now), implementations of Pascal which closely followed Wirth's initial definition of the language were widely criticized for being unsuitable for use outside of teaching.
Take that for what you will =)
turbo pascal? :) gwbasic? and nextly python :)
Well, Python has very English like syntax that makes it relatively easy to pick up. Python IDLE works in a read-eval-loop mode, so you don't have to go through compiling or anything. You can type code in line-by-line and get instant feedback. It also has an interactive help mode. If he needed to know what some function does, and you weren't there to help him, he could just type help(someFunction)
There was a comment about how it can become confusing when you mix tabs and spaces in Python. In response to that comment, most editors have an option to automatically replace tabs with X spaces. In IDLE, it's as simple as Format->Toggle Tabs to make it so whenever you press the tab key, it inserts 8 spaces instead of a tab.
Labview is completely visual. It's mainly used to program robots. It's extremely logic oriented. However, there's quite a big price tag on it.
SmallTalk. It was created for educational use.
I have to agree that six years old sounds a bit young though... if they don't want to learn, don't try to force them.
I think the framework is important too. Your kid should be able to create a game without too much ado. Python + pygame springs to mind.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)
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OK -- a bit of an undefined question (is the pattern of plugs in an Eniac plugboard a language ??) but contenders include:
Konrad Zuse's PlanKalkül (1940s) -
never implemented (generally
accepted as the first).
Whatever Ada Lovelace (1840s) programmed in (not
Ada) -- if she is the first
programmer, as everyone says, she
must have used the first programming
language, no? Again probably never
implemented - but did Babbage have
anything that could be called a
language?
Turing's description of
his Turing machine (1936 paper). In
the paper he actually writes
programs and simulates their
execution mathematically - that
makes it as good as (and earlier
than) PlanKalkül in my book.
Autocode for the Machester Mark 1 computer (1952) -- compiled, high level, beats Fortan to the punch (?). Mr Turing again (!).
Fortran (Early 1950's) - beats out Lisp by a couple of years and undoubtedly passes the sniff test. But was it earlier than Mark 1 autocode ??
The PBS series Connections made the argument that the holes punched in tiles to control the patterns created on looms (circa 1700s??) were the first programming "language".
These were followed by player piano scrolls: Codes, on paper, which are read by, and control the operation of a machine. That's a programming language, isn't it?
DNA -- or does it have to involve silicon computers? ;-)
Since Ada Lovelace is widely regarded as the first programmer, I'd investigate what she called the set of symbols she was using.
Update: You can read the notation that Lovelace used in her Notes on Sketch of The Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage By L. F. MENABREA. Lovelace was the translator, but her notes describing the programming of the Analytical Engine ended up being about four times longer than the original publication.
I think we need to agree on a definition of "programming language" to answer this question in any useful way. Is directly manipulating machine code a programming language?
Konrad Zuse's PlanKalkül (1940s) - never implemented
There was actually an implementation of the language published by Rojas et al. somewhere around the year 2000.
DNA -- or does it have to involve silicon computers? ;-)
Well, if you go down that road then the correct answer has to be RNA which existed before DNA. But then, do we have a Blind Programmer? ;-)
In the beginning there was Ada Lovelace , Then Bill said 'Let there be C#' And there was light !!
Assuming a definition of "programming language" as "a textual notation used to describe/control the intended behavior of a digital computer", I think there's only one possible answer: raw (numerical) machine code.
Many of the other answers (e.g. recipes for cooking) are clever, but aren't about programming per se, but about description/control in a different context or more general sense.
I would say that the first programming language actually used was the machine language of the first stored program computer, which I believe was Baby: http://www.computer50.org/
The language the analytical engine would have used was its own machine code, entered via punch cards indicating the operation to be performed and the columns (effectively registers) to perform it to. See these notes for some details.
Programming, at least in the declarative sense, comes down to combinations of sequence, alternation, and repetition. One might consider recipe authors as programmers, and therefore very early ones. Think about a recipe: it contains sequence (slice this, then chop that, then heat so and so...), alternation (if you want it moist then bake for 40 minutes, else if you want it "cakey" bake for 55 minutes), and repetition (while not stiff kneed the dough, repeat stirring until the batter is smooth). Recipes go back thousands of years.