We have some views created in Azure Synapse Db. We need to query this data incrementally based on a water mark column and it has to be loaded into the Azure data lake container into the Raw layer and then to the curated layer. In Raw Layer the file should contain the entire Data(Full Load data).So basically we need to append this data and export as a full load . Should we use Databricks Delta lake tables to handle this requirement. How we can upsert data to the Delta lake table. Also we need to delete the record if it has been deleted from source.What should be partition column to be used for this
Please look at the syntax for delta tables - UPSERT. Before the delta file format, one would have to read the old file, read the new file and do a set operation on the dataframes to get the results.
The nice thing about delta is the ACID properties. I like using data frames since the syntax might be smaller. Here is an article for you to read.
https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/03/19/efficient-upserts-into-data-lakes-databricks-delta.html
Related
I am working with Azure Databricks and we are moving hundreds of gigabytes of data with Spark. We stream them with Databricks' autoloader function from a source storage on Azure Datalake Gen2, process them with Databricks notebooks, then load them into another storage. The idea is that the end result is a replica, a copy-paste of the source, but with some transformations involved.
This means if a record is deleted at the source, we also have to delete it. If a record is updated or added, then we do that too. For the latter autoloader with a file level listener, combined with a MERGE INTO and with .forEachBatch() is an efficient solution But what about deletions? For technical reasons (dynamics365 azure synapse link export being extremely limited in configuration) we are not getting delta files, we have no data on whether a certain record got updated, added or deleted. We only have the full data dump every time.
To simply put: I want to delete records in a target dataset if the record's primary key is no longer found in a source dataset. In T-SQL MERGE could check both ways, whether there is a match by the target or the source, however in Databricks this is not possible, MERGE INTO only checks for the target dataset.
Best idea so far:
DELETE FROM a WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT id FROM b WHERE a.id = b.id)
Occasionally a deletion job might delete millions of rows, which we have to replicate, so performance is important. What would you suggest? Any best practices to this?
With the Databricks Lakehouse platform, it is possible to create 'tables' or to be more specific, delta tables using a statement such as the following,
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS People10M;
CREATE TABLE People10M
USING parquet
OPTIONS (
path "/mnt/training/dataframes/people-10m.parquet",
header "true"
);
What I would like to know is, what exactly happens behind the scenes when you create one of these tables? What exactly is a table in this context? Because the data is actually contained in files in data lake (data storage location) that delta lake is running on top of.. right? Are tables some kind of abstraction that allows us to access the data stored in these files using something like SQL?
What does the USING parquet portion of this statement do? Are parquet tables different to CSV tables in some way? Or does this just depend on the format of the source data?
Any links to material that explains this idea would be appreciated? I want to understand this in depth from a technical point of view.
There are few aspects here. Your table definition is not a Delta Lake, it's Spark SQL (or Hive) syntax to define a table. It's just a metadata that allows users easily use the table without knowing where it's located, what data format, etc. You can read more about databases & tables in Databricks documentation.
The actual format for data storage is specified by the USING directive. In your case it's parquet, so when people or code will read or write data, underlying engine will first read table metadata, figure out location of the data & file format, and then will use corresponding code.
Delta is another file format (really a storage layer) that is built on the top of Parquet as data format, but adding additional capabilities such as ACID, time travel, etc. (see doc). If you want to use Delta instead of Parquet then you either need to use CONVERT TO DELTA to convert existing Parquet data into Delta, or specify USING delta when creating a completely new table.
I am using Data factory to copy collection from Mongo Atlas to ADLS Gen 2.
By default data factory will create one json file per collection. But that leaves me with one huge json file.
I checked data flows and transformation but they work on file that is already present in ADLS. Is there a way I can split the data as it comes in to ADLS rather than first getting a huge file and then post processing and splitting it into smaller files?
If the collection size is 5GB, is it possible for data factory to split them in chunks of 100MB as the copy runs?
I would suggest you to use Partitioning as Partition option in Sink. As shown in below screenshot.
Refer - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-factory/concepts-data-flow-performance#optimize-tab
I am converting my table into parquet file format using Azure Data Factory. Performing query on parquet file using databricks for reporting. I want to update only existing records which are updated in original sql server table. Since I am performing it on very big table and daily I don't want to perform truncate and reload entire table as it will be costly.
Is there any way I can update those parquet file without performing truncate and reload operation.
Parquet is by default immutable, so only way to rewrite the data is to rewrite the table. But that is possible to do if you switch to use of Delta file format that supports updating/deleting the entries, and is also supports MERGE operation.
You can still use Parquet format for production of the data, but then you need to use that data to update the Delta table.
I have found a workaround to this problem.
Read the parquet file into data frame using any tool or Python scripts.
create a temporary table or view from data frame.
Run SQL query to modify, update and delete the record.
Convert table back into data frame
Overwrite existing parquet files with new data.
Always go for soft Delete while working in No-Sql. Hard delete if very costly.
Also, with soft-Delete, down stream pipeline can consume the update and act upon it.
We load data from on-prem database servers to Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 using Azure Data Factory and Databricks store them as parquet files. Every run, we get only get the new and modified data from last run and UPSERT into existing parquet files using databricks merge statement.
Now we are trying to move this data from parquet files Azure Synapse. Ideally, I would like to do this.
Read incremental load data into a external table. (CETAS or COPY
INTO)
Use above as staging table.
Merge staging table with production table.
The problem is merge statement is not available in Azure Syanpse. Here is the solution Microsoft suggests for incremental load
CREATE TABLE dbo.[DimProduct_upsert]
WITH
( DISTRIBUTION = HASH([ProductKey])
, CLUSTERED INDEX ([ProductKey])
)
AS
-- New rows and new versions of rows
SELECT s.[ProductKey]
, s.[EnglishProductName]
, s.[Color]
FROM dbo.[stg_DimProduct] AS s
UNION ALL
-- Keep rows that are not being touched
SELECT p.[ProductKey]
, p.[EnglishProductName]
, p.[Color]
FROM dbo.[DimProduct] AS p
WHERE NOT EXISTS
( SELECT *
FROM [dbo].[stg_DimProduct] s
WHERE s.[ProductKey] = p.[ProductKey]
)
;
RENAME OBJECT dbo.[DimProduct] TO [DimProduct_old];
RENAME OBJECT dbo.[DimProduct_upsert] TO [DimProduct];
Basically dropping and re-creating the production table with CTAS. Will work fine with small dimenstion tables, but i'm apprehensive about large fact tables with 100's of millions of rows with indexes. Any suggestions on what would be the best way to do incremental loads for really large fact tables. Thanks!
Till the time SQL MERGE is officially supported, the recommended way fwd to update target tables is to use T SQL insert/update commands between the delta records and target table.
Alternatively, you can also use Mapping Data Flows (in ADF) to emulate SCD transactions for dimensional/fact data load.