I tried creating vsftp server on Rhel 8 and centos. My ftp Users can login into server but only sed list of directory's and are able to navigate to any directory.
User cannot create directory or file
User cannot see any files in any directory.
I chnage chmod 777
And changed ownership but nothing works
It was selinux config I had to change under /etc/selinux/config
changed enforcing to disable
I'm trying to connect to an EC2 AWS instance but when I tried to install PHPMYADMIN the linux console asks me for the root user password, which I forgot about. Could anyone please know how to use .PEM file to login as the root user?
I tried sudo su command but it still asks me for the root user.
Any help is appreciated.
Disclaimer: It is not recommended to login as root.
But still if you want to, then:
Allow PermitRootLogin in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Restart SSH service
you need to paste the existing public key which is in the /home/ec2-user/.ssh/authorized_keys to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Now you should be able to login as root using the .pem key.
You don't need your root password if you are running sudo su -, you need the password of the user you are running the sudo command as. Provided that the user has sudo privileges as root. Then you can just run as root:
yum install phpmyadmin
I am new to SSH and Linux and I hope someone can help. I am working on a site with a dedicated server (VPS) and I am also working with WordPress. I used SSH to log into the site's files with Cyberduck (I've also used FileZilla successfully) and install WordPress on the server.
The problem I'm having now is that I can't edit or add any plugins or files on WordPress because WordPress doesn't have access to the site's FTP which is standard. It asks for credentials and when I attempt to enter them into the WordPress dashboard, it doesn't work. There is an option for FTP and there is an option for FTPS (SSL). I know these are different than SSH but I tried the SSH credentials anyway and obviously they didn't work.
I then logged into the SSH through Mac Terminal and did the instructions here:
1. Login as root through SSH.
2. Next add the user account you want using the 'useradd' command
useradd <username>
3. Now create a special group for that user.
groupadd <groupname>
4. Now to add the user to the group
gpasswd -a <username> <groupname>
5. Change the group ownership of the special directory to that group.
chgrp -R groupname
/path/to/your/web/directory
6. Enable write permissions
chmod -R g+rw
/path/to/your/web/directory
And it worked. I was able to add a new user (and I could confirm this by looking at the /etc/passwd file). I then logged out and tried to log in with Cyberduck using the new credentials and setting it to FTP (instead of SSH) and it didn't work. It did however work to log in with SSH with the new user credentials. So it seems I can successfully add a new SSH user but not a new FTP user.
I need the user to be FTP so I can hook WordPress up and begin editing. How do I specific the user to be FTP as opposed to SSH? Thanks for any help!
I've found an answer to my question and figured I'd document here for anyone else who runs across this issue. It's surprisingly easy.
Just go to this link and download the plug-in:
http://wordpress.org/plugins/ssh-sftp-updater-support/
You obviously have to upload this straight into your WordPress directory in the SFTP (/wp-content/plugins) in order for it to work correctly since it won't work from within the WordPress dashboard.
Once those files are there, when WordPress prompts you to login to your 'FTP' it will have an option for SSH which you can select and log-in. Voila!
I can't workout how to solve this problem so wordpress would let me upload themes.
I have a fresh copy of Fedora 17 installed on my dev machine.
I then installed mysql using: yum install mysql mysql-server. Next I installed WordPress which also installs apache and php: yum install wordpress
I can go to http://localhost/wordpress and see WordPress working. But when I try tried to install my theme it asked for ftp credentials. I then updated the wp-config.php file and set the FS_METHOD constant to direct. Now it doesn't ask for ftp credentials but it gives me this error:
Could not create directory. /usr/share/wordpress/wp-content/themes/my-theme-name/
httpd service is running under 'apache' user and 'apache' group. The /usr/share/wordpress/ directory is recursively own by 'apache' user and 'apache' group too. I've even set the permissions to 777 (also recursively) and even then I keep getting the same error as above.
How can I solve this problem?
Fedoras SELinux configuration is most probably blocking the attempts of the webserver to write to the disk. To change the settings for your wordpress folder you can run this command (as root):
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_rw_t /usr/share/wordpress/wp-content
No need to do chmod 777 to the whole folder, this is a huge security risk. Of course this is for direct filesystem access, you have to disable the ftp access. For ftp access you will have to look up the right SELinux context.
You got the check these lines in your Wp-config.php (aproximatively line 105) :
define('FTP_USER', 'usr');
define('FTP_PASS', 'P#ssw0rd');
define('FTP_HOST', 'url');
You process of web server is running on apache but Wordpress will use the account define in the wp-config.php . So you got to set the group of your user to get access to these files.
Setting permissions 777 is not a solution, you got to care about it.
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I am trying to set up FTP on Amazon Cloud Server, but without luck.
I search over net and there is no concrete steps how to do it.
I found those commands to run:
$ yum install vsftpd
$ ec2-authorize default -p 20-21
$ ec2-authorize default -p 1024-1048
$ vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#<em>---Add following lines at the end of file---</em>
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=1024
pasv_max_port=1048
pasv_address=<Public IP of your instance>
$ /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
But I don't know where to write them.
Jaminto did a great job of answering the question, but I recently went through the process myself and wanted to expand on Jaminto's answer.
I'm assuming that you already have an EC2 instance created and have associated an Elastic IP Address to it.
Step #1: Install vsftpd
SSH to your EC2 server. Type:
> sudo yum install vsftpd
This should install vsftpd.
Step #2: Open up the FTP ports on your EC2 instance
Next, you'll need to open up the FTP ports on your EC2 server. Log in to the AWS EC2 Management Console and select Security Groups from the navigation tree on the left. Select the security group assigned to your EC2 instance. Then select the Inbound tab, then click Edit:
Add two Custom TCP Rules with port ranges 20-21 and 1024-1048. For Source, you can select 'Anywhere'. If you decide to set Source to your own IP address, be aware that your IP address might change if it is being assigned via DHCP.
Step #3: Make updates to the vsftpd.conf file
Edit your vsftpd conf file by typing:
> sudo vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Disable anonymous FTP by changing this line:
anonymous_enable=YES
to
anonymous_enable=NO
Then add the following lines to the bottom of the vsftpd.conf file:
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=1024
pasv_max_port=1048
pasv_address=<Public IP of your instance>
Your vsftpd.conf file should look something like the following - except make sure to replace the pasv_address with your public facing IP address:
To save changes, press escape, then type :wq, then hit enter.
Step #4: Restart vsftpd
Restart vsftpd by typing:
> sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
You should see a message that looks like:
If this doesn't work, try:
> sudo /sbin/service vsftpd restart
Step #5: Create an FTP user
If you take a peek at /etc/vsftpd/user_list, you'll see the following:
# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
This is basically saying, "Don't allow these users FTP access." vsftpd will allow FTP access to any user not on this list.
So, in order to create a new FTP account, you may need to create a new user on your server. (Or, if you already have a user account that's not listed in /etc/vsftpd/user_list, you can skip to the next step.)
Creating a new user on an EC2 instance is pretty simple. For example, to create the user 'bret', type:
> sudo adduser bret
> sudo passwd bret
Here's what it will look like:
Step #6: Restricting users to their home directories
At this point, your FTP users are not restricted to their home directories. That's not very secure, but we can fix it pretty easily.
Edit your vsftpd conf file again by typing:
> sudo vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Un-comment out the line:
chroot_local_user=YES
It should look like this once you're done:
Restart the vsftpd server again like so:
> sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
All done!
Appendix A: Surviving a reboot
vsftpd doesn't automatically start when your server boots. If you're like me, that means that after rebooting your EC2 instance, you'll feel a moment of terror when FTP seems to be broken - but in reality, it's just not running!. Here's a handy way to fix that:
> sudo chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
Alternatively, if you are using redhat, another way to manage your services is by using this nifty graphic user interface to control which services should automatically start:
> sudo ntsysv
Now vsftpd will automatically start up when your server boots up.
Appendix B: Changing a user's FTP home directory
* NOTE: Iman Sedighi has posted a more elegant solution for restricting users access to a specific directory. Please refer to his excellent solution posted as an answer *
You might want to create a user and restrict their FTP access to a specific folder, such as /var/www. In order to do this, you'll need to change the user's default home directory:
> sudo usermod -d /var/www/ username
In this specific example, it's typical to give the user permissions to the 'www' group, which is often associated with the /var/www folder:
> sudo usermod -a -G www username
To enable passive ftp on an EC2 server, you need to configure the ports that your ftp server should use for inbound connections, then open a list of available ports for the ftp client data connections.
I'm not that familiar with linux, but the commands you posted are the steps to install the ftp server, configure the ec2 firewall rules (through the AWS API), then configure the ftp server to use the ports you allowed on the ec2 firewall.
So this step installs the ftp client (VSFTP)
> yum install vsftpd
These steps configure the ftp client
> vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
-- Add following lines at the end of file --
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=1024
pasv_max_port=1048
pasv_address=<Public IP of your instance>
> /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
but the other two steps are easier done through the amazon console under EC2 Security groups. There you need to configure the security group that is assigned to your server to allow connections on ports 20,21, and 1024-1048
Thanks #clone45 for the nice solution. But I had just one important problem with Appendix b of his solution. Immediately after I changed the home directory to var/www/html then I couldn't connect to server through ssh and sftp because it always shows following errors
permission denied (public key)
or in FileZilla I received this error:
No supported authentication methods available (server: public key)
But I could access the server through normal FTP connection.
If you encountered to the same error then just undo the appendix b of #clone45 solution by set the default home directory for the user:
sudo usermod -d /home/username/ username
But when you set user's default home directory then the user have access to many other folders outside /var/www/http. So to secure your server then follow these steps:
1- Make sftponly group
Make a group for all users you want to restrict their access to only ftp and sftp access to var/www/html. to make the group:
sudo groupadd sftponly
2- Jail the chroot
To restrict access of this group to the server via sftp you must jail the chroot to not to let group's users to access any folder except html folder inside its home directory. to do this open /etc/ssh/sshd.config in the vim with sudo.
At the end of the file please comment this line:
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
And then add this line below that:
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
So we replaced subsystem with internal-sftp. Then add following lines below it:
Match Group sftponly
ChrootDirectory /var/www
ForceCommand internal-sftp
AllowTcpForwarding no
After adding this line I saved my changes and then restart ssh service by:
sudo service sshd restart
3- Add the user to sftponly group
Any user you want to restrict their access must be a member of sftponly group. Therefore we join it to sftponly by:
sudo usermod -G sftponly username
4- Restrict user access to just var/www/html
To restrict user access to just var/www/html folder we need to make a directory in the home directory (with name of 'html') of that user and then mount /var/www to /home/username/html as follow:
sudo mkdir /home/username/html
sudo mount --bind /var/www /home/username/html
5- Set write access
If the user needs write access to /var/www/html, then you must jail the user at /var/www which must have root:root ownership and permissions of 755. You then need to give /var/www/html ownership of root:sftponly and permissions of 775 by adding following lines:
sudo chmod 755 /var/www
sudo chown root:root /var/www
sudo chmod 775 /var/www/html
sudo chown root:www /var/www/html
6- Block shell access
If you want restrict access to not access to shell to make it more secure then just change the default shell to bin/false as follow:
sudo usermod -s /bin/false username
Great Article... worked like a breeze on Amazon Linux AMI.
Two more useful commands:
To change the default FTP upload folder
Step 1:
edit /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Step 2: Create a new entry at the bottom of the page:
local_root=/var/www/html
To apply read, write, delete permission to the files under folder so that you can manage using a FTP device
find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod 777 {} \;
In case you have ufw enabled, remember add ftp:
> sudo ufw allow ftp
It took me 2 days to realise that I enabled ufw.
It will not be ok until you add your user to the group www by the following commands:
sudo usermod -a -G www <USER>
This solves the permission problem.
Set the default path by adding this:
local_root=/var/www/html
Don't forget to update your iptables firewall if you have one to allow the 20-21 and 1024-1048 ranges in.
Do this from /etc/sysconfig/iptables
Adding lines like this:
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 20:21 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1024:1048 -j ACCEPT
And restart iptables with the command:
sudo service iptables restart
I've simplified clone45 steps:
Open the ports as he mentioned
sudo su
sudo yum install vsftpd
echo -n "Public IP of your instance: " && read publicip
echo -e "anonymous_enable=NO\npasv_enable=YES\npasv_min_port=1024\npasv_max_port=1048\npasv_address=$publicip\nchroot_local_user=YES" >> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
I followed clone45's answer all the way to the end. A great article! Since I needed the FTP access to install plug-ins to one of my wordpress sites, I changed the home directory to /var/www/mysitename. Then I continued to add my ftp user to the apache(or www) group like this:
sudo usermod -a -G apache myftpuser
After this I still saw this error on WP's plugin installation page: "Unable to locate WordPress Content directory (wp-content)". Searched and found this solution on a wp.org Q&A session: https://wordpress.org/support/topic/unable-to-locate-wordpress-content-directory-wp-content and added the following to the end of wp-config.php:
if(is_admin()) {
add_filter('filesystem_method', create_function('$a', 'return "direct";' ));
define( 'FS_CHMOD_DIR', 0751 );
}
After this my WP plugin was installed successfully.
maybe worth mentioning in addition to clone45's answer:
Fixing Write Permissions for Chrooted FTP Users in vsftpd
The vsftpd version that comes with Ubuntu 12.04 Precise does not
permit chrooted local users to write by default. By default you will
have this in /etc/vsftpd.conf:
chroot_local_user=YES
write_enable=YES
In order to allow local users to write, you need to add the following parameter:
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
Note:
Issues with write permissions may show up as following FileZilla errors:
Error: GnuTLS error -15: An unexpected TLS packet was received.
Error: Could not connect to server
References:
Fixing Write Permissions for Chrooted FTP Users in vsftpd
VSFTPd stopped working after update
In case you are getting 530 password incorrect
1 more step needed
in file /etc/shells
Add the following line
/bin/false
FileZila is good FTP tool to setup with Amazon Cloud.
Download FileZila client from https://filezilla-project.org/
Click on File -> Site Manager - >
New Site
Provide Host Name IP address of your amazon cloud location (Port if any)
Protocol - SFTP (May change based on your requirement)
Login Type - Normal (So system will not ask for password each time)
Provide user name and password.
Connect.
You need to do these step only 1 time, later it will upload content to the same IP address and same site.