I tried to scrape a website with urllib and beautifulsoup (python 3.9) but I still have the same error message "Some characters could not be decoded, and were replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER" with special caracters as below:
��T�w?.��m����%�%z��%�H=S��$S�YYyi�ABD�x�!%��f36��\�Y�j�46f����I��9��!D��������������������b7�3�8��JnH�t���mړBm���<���,�zR�m��A�g��{�XF%��&)�6zy��'
�)a�Fo
�����N舅,���~?w�w� �7z�Y6N������Q��ƣA��,p�8��/��W��q�$
���#e�J7�#� 5�X�z�Ȥ�&q��8 ��H"����I0�����͂8ZY}J�m��c}&5e��?
"/>[�7X�?NF4r���[k��6�X?��VV��H�J$j�6h��e�C��]<�V��z D
����"d�nje��{���+YL��*�X?a���m�������MNn�+��1=b$�N�4p�0���/�h�'�?�,�[��V��$�D���Z��+�?�x�X�g����
I read some topics about this problem but I don't find the solution in my case.
Below, my code :
url = "https://www.fnac.com"
hdr = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:89.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/89.0",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding" : "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "fr,fr-FR;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Connection" : "keep-alive"}
req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=hdr)
page = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
if page.getcode() == 200:
soup = BeautifulSoup(page, "html.parser", from_encoding="utf-8")
#divs = soup.findAll('div')
#href = [i['href'] for i in soup.findAll('a', href=True)]
print(soup)
else:
print("failed!")
I tried to change encoding mode by ASCII or iso-8858-(1...9) but the problem is stil the same.
Thanks for your help :)
Remove Accept-Encoding from the HTTP headers:
import urllib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = "https://www.fnac.com"
hdr = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:89.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/89.0",
"Accept": "*/*",
# "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "fr,fr-FR;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=hdr)
page = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
if page.getcode() == 200:
soup = BeautifulSoup(page, "html.parser", from_encoding="utf-8")
# divs = soup.findAll('div')
# href = [i['href'] for i in soup.findAll('a', href=True)]
print(soup)
else:
print("failed!")
Prints:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="no-js" lang="fr-FR">
<head><meta charset="utf-8"/> <!-- entry: inline-kameleoon -->
...
Related
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
url = 'https://www.kayak.co.uk/flights/SEL-LON/2020-12-31?sort=bestflight_a'
r = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html.parser')
deptimes = soup.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'depart-time base-time'})
deptimes
In Kayak, I have tried to get departure time information of flights from Seoul to London.
The result is [], and I'm trying this format to other information but the results are same always.
Thank you
If you look into what you get back as a response.content, kayak.co.uk thinks (correctly) that you're a bot and sends this (among other stuff)
If you are seeing this page, it means that KAYAK thinks you are a "bot," and the page you were trying to get to is only useful for humans.
However, a slight modification of the code tricks the server enough to return what you're looking for.
Try this:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = 'https://www.kayak.co.uk/flights/SEL-LON/2020-12-31?sort=bestflight_a'
headers = {
"accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
"accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.9,pl;q=0.8",
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36"
}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')
departure_times = soup.find_all('span', {'class': 'depart-time base-time'})
for _time in departure_times:
print(_time.text)
This outputs:
00:25
00:25
00:25
14:30
14:30
13:00
13:00
... and so on
I am trying to extract an information with beautifulsoap, however when I do it it extracts it with very rare symbols. But when I enter directly to the page everything looks good and the page has the label <meta charset="utf-8">
my code is:
HEADERS = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36',
'referrer': 'https://google.com',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'Pragma': 'no-cache',
}
urls = 'https://www.jcchouinard.com/web-scraping-with-python-and-requests-html/'
r = requests.get(urls, headers=HEADERS)
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser")
print (soup)
Nevertheless, the result I get is this:
J{$%X Àà’8}±ŸÅ
I guess it's something with the encoding, however I don't understand why since the page is utf-8.
It is worth clarifying that this only happens in some cases, since with others I manage to extract the information without problems.
Edit: updated with a sample url.
Edit2: added the headers dictionary, which is the one that generates the problem.
The problem is Accept-Encoding HTTP header. There you have br specified, which means brotli compression method. requests module cannot handle that. Remove br and the server responds without this compression method.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
HEADERS = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36',
'referrer': 'https://google.com',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', # <-- remove br
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'Pragma': 'no-cache',
}
urls = 'https://www.jcchouinard.com/web-scraping-with-python-and-requests-html/'
r = requests.get(urls, headers=HEADERS)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser")
print (soup)
Prints:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fr-FR">
<head><style>img.lazy{min-height:1px}</style><link as="script" href="https://www.jcchouinard.com/wp-content/plugins/w3-total-cache/pub/js/lazyload.min.js?x73818" rel="preload"/>
...and so on.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:79.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/79.0'
}
def main(url):
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')
print(soup.prettify())
main("https://www.jcchouinard.com/web-scraping-with-python-and-requests-html/")
You've just to add headers
So I am looking to scrape the following site:
https://hyland.csod.com/ux/ats/careersite/4/home?c=hyland
What I am running into using the Python Requests library is that the header requires I pass along an Authorization header that bears a token of some kind. While I can get this to work if I manually go to the page, copy and paste it, and then run my program, I am wondering how I could bypass this issue (After all, what is the point in running a scraper if I still have to visit the actual site manually and retrieve the authorization token).
I am newer to authorization/ bearer headers and am hoping someone might be able to clarify how the browser generates a token to retrieve this information/ how I can simulate this. Here is my code:
import requests
import json
import datetime
today = datetime.datetime.today()
url = "https://hyland.csod.com/services/x/career-site/v1/search"
# actual sitehttps://hyland.csod.com/ux/ats/careersite/4/home?c=hyland
headers = {
'authority': 'hyland.csod.com',
'origin': 'https://hyland.csod.com',
'authorization': 'Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImNsaWQiOiI0bDhnbnFhbGk3NjgifQ.eyJzdWIiOi0xMDMsImF1ZCI6IjRxNTFzeG5oY25yazRhNXB1eXZ1eGh6eCIsImNvcnAiOiJoeWxhbmQiLCJjdWlkIjoxLCJ0emlkIjoxNCwibmJkIjoiMjAxOTEyMzEyMTE0MTU5MzQiLCJleHAiOiIyMDE5MTIzMTIyMTUxNTkzNCIsImlhdCI6IjIwMTkxMjMxMjExNDE1OTM0In0.PlNdWXtb1uNoMuGIhI093ZbheRN_DwENTlkNoVr0j7Zah6JHd5cukudVFnZEiQmgBZ_nlDU4C-9JO_2We380Vg',
'content-type': 'application/json',
'accept': 'application/json; q=1.0, text/*; q=0.8, */*; q=0.1',
'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.88 Safari/537.36',
'csod-accept-language': 'en-US',
'referer': 'https://hyland.csod.com/ux/ats/careersite/4/home?c=hyland',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'cookie': 'CYBERU_lastculture=en-US; ASP.NET_SessionId=4q51sxnhcnrk4a5puyvuxhzx; cscx=hyland^|-103^|1^|14^|KumB4VhzYXML22MnMxjtTB9SKgHiWW0tFg0HbHnOek4=; c-s=expires=1577909201~access=/clientimg/hyland/*^!/content/hyland/*~md5=78cd5252d2efff6eb77d2e6bf0ce3127',
}
data = ['{"careerSiteId":4,"pageNumber":1,"pageSize":25,"cultureId":1,"searchText":"","cultureName":"en-US","states":["oh"],"countryCodes":[],"cities":[],"placeID":"","radius":null,"postingsWithinDays":null,"customFieldCheckboxKeys":[],"customFieldDropdowns":[],"customFieldRadios":[]}',
'{"careerSiteId":4,"pageNumber":2,"pageSize":25,"cultureId":1,"searchText":"","cultureName":"en-US","states":["oh"],"countryCodes":[],"cities":[],"placeID":"","radius":null,"postingsWithinDays":null,"customFieldCheckboxKeys":[],"customFieldDropdowns":[],"customFieldRadios":[]}']
def hyland(url, data):
# for openings in data:
dirty = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data).text
if 'Unauthorized' in dirty:
print(dirty)
print("There was an error connecting. Check Info")
# print(dirty)
clean = json.loads(dirty)
cleaner = json.dumps(clean, indent=4)
print("Openings at Hyland Software in Westlake as of {}".format(today.strftime('%m-%d-%Y')))
for i in range(0,60):
try:
print(clean["data"]["requisitions"][i]["displayJobTitle"])
print("")
print("")
except:
print("{} Openings at Hyland".format(i))
break
for datum in data:
hyland(url, data=datum)
So basically what my code is doing is sending a post request to the url above along with the headers and necessary data to retrieve what I want. This scraper works for a short period of time, but if I leave and come back after a few hours it no longer works due to authorization (at least that is what I have concluded).
Any help/ clarification on how all this works would be greatly appreciated.
Your code has a few problems:
As you noted you have to get the bearer token
You have to send your requests using requests.session() (as this webpage seems to pay attention to the cookies you send)
Optional: your headers had a lot of unnecessary headers that could be removed
All in all, here bellow is the working code:
import requests
import json
import datetime
today = datetime.datetime.today()
session = requests.session()
url = "https://hyland.csod.com:443/ux/ats/careersite/4/home?c=hyland"
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:71.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/71.0", "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "DNT": "1", "Connection": "close", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1"}
raw = session.get(url, headers=headers).text
token = raw[raw.index("token")+8:]
token = token[:token.index("\"")]
bearer_token = f"Bearer {token}"
url = "https://hyland.csod.com/services/x/career-site/v1/search"
# actual sitehttps://hyland.csod.com/ux/ats/careersite/4/home?c=hyland
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:71.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/71.0", "Authorization": bearer_token}
data = ['{"careerSiteId":4,"pageNumber":1,"pageSize":25,"cultureId":1,"searchText":"","cultureName":"en-US","states":["oh"],"countryCodes":[],"cities":[],"placeID":"","radius":null,"postingsWithinDays":null,"customFieldCheckboxKeys":[],"customFieldDropdowns":[],"customFieldRadios":[]}',
'{"careerSiteId":4,"pageNumber":2,"pageSize":25,"cultureId":1,"searchText":"","cultureName":"en-US","states":["oh"],"countryCodes":[],"cities":[],"placeID":"","radius":null,"postingsWithinDays":null,"customFieldCheckboxKeys":[],"customFieldDropdowns":[],"customFieldRadios":[]}']
def hyland(url, data, session= session):
# for openings in data:
dirty = session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data).text
if 'Unauthorized' in dirty:
print(dirty)
print("There was an error connecting. Check Info")
# print(dirty)
clean = json.loads(dirty)
cleaner = json.dumps(clean, indent=4)
print("Openings at Hyland Software in Westlake as of {}".format(today.strftime('%m-%d-%Y')))
for i in range(0,60):
try:
print(clean["data"]["requisitions"][i]["displayJobTitle"])
print("")
print("")
except:
print("{} Openings at Hyland".format(i))
break
for datum in data:
hyland(url, data=datum, session = session)
hope this helps
I m using python 3.6.5 and my os system is macOS 10.13.6.
I m learning Web Scraping and I want to catch data from this web site(https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=)
Here is my code:
# encoding: utf-8
import requests
from lxml import etree
def parse_list_page():
url = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?city=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3&needAddtionalResult=false'
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537',
'Host':'www.lagou.com',
'Referer':'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=',
'X-Anit-Forge-Code':'0',
'X-Anit-Forge-Token':None,
'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest',
}
data = {
'first':'false',
'pn':1,
'kd':'python',
}
response = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=data)
print(response.json())
def main():
parse_list_page()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
I m appreciate you for spending the time to answer my question.
I got the answer, here is the code below:
# encoding: utf-8
import requests
from lxml import etree
import time
def parse_list_page():
url = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?px=default&city=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3'
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537',
'Host':'www.lagou.com',
'Referer':'https://www.lagou.com/',
'Connection':'keep-alive',
'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Cache-Control':'no-cache',
'Pragma':'no-cache',
}
response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
# print(response.text)
r = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
print(r)
print('='*30)
# r['LGUID'] = r['LGRID']
# r['user_trace_token'] = r['LGRID']
# r['LGSID'] = r['LGRID']
cookies = {
# 'X_MIDDLE_TOKEN':'df7c1d3cfdf279f0caf13df990723620',
# 'JSESSIONID':'ABAAABAAAIAACBI29FE9BDFB6838D8DD69C580E517292C9',
# '_ga':'GA1.2.820168368.1551196380',
# '_gat':'1',
# 'Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6':'1551196381',
# 'user_trace_token':'20190226235303-99bc357a-39de-11e9-921f-525400f775ce',
# 'LGSID':'20190311094827-c3bc2393-439f-11e9-a15a-525400f775ce',
# 'PRE_UTM':'',
# 'PRE_HOST':'',
# 'PRE_SITE':'',
# 'PRE_LAND':'https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2F',
# 'LGUID':'20190226235303-99bc3944-39de-11e9-921f-525400f775ce',
# '_gid':'GA1.2.1391680888.1552248111',
# 'index_location_city':'%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3',
# 'TG-TRACK-CODE':'index_search',
# 'LGRID':'20190311100452-0ed0525c-43a2-11e9-9113-5254005c3644',
# 'Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6':'1552269893',
# 'SEARCH_ID':'aae3c38ec76545fc86cd4e23153afe44',
}
cookies.update(r)
print(r)
print('=' * 30)
print(cookies)
print('=' * 30)
headers = {
'Origin':'https://www.lagou.com',
'X-Anit-Forge-Code': '0',
'X-Anit-Forge-Token': None,
'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'h-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
'Referer': 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?px=default&city=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
}
params = {
'px':'default',
'city':'深圳',
'needAddtionalResult':'false'
}
data = {
'first':'true',
'pn':1,
'kd':'python',
}
url_json = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json'
response = requests.post(url=url_json,headers=headers,params=params,cookies=cookies,data=data)
print(response.json())
def main():
parse_list_page()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
The reason why I can't get the json as response is the against web scraping rules here is you need to use the first cookie when you send the request.
so when you first send the request you need to save the cookies and then update it to use your second page request. Hope it will helpful for you to do web scraping when you face this problem
i want to crawl a website with python,but i meet a trouble . requests library is ok but 400 with Scrapy,the code below
import requests
urls = "https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sj1JLJv"
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
'Content-Length': '0',
"Connection": "keep-alive"<br>
}
print(str((requests.get(urls, headers=header)).content, 'utf-8'))
from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisCrawlSpider
class baiduuSpider(RedisCrawlSpider):
...
...
...
urls = "https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sj1JLJv"
yield scrapy.Request(url = urls,headers = headers,callback = self.first_parse)
def first_parse(self, response):
print(response.body.decode('utf-8'))
How do I fix this question
I'm sorry, but you won't succeed, because the page loads dynamically.
It is necessary to compile javascript on the fly - Selenium, Splash