Failing to insert a custom Kernel module - linux

I'm working on a STM32MP1 target with yocto. In general I can compile a helloworld .ko file and load it into the kernel. But when I want to compile following:
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
static struct platform_device *pdev;
static int __init fake_eth_add(void)
{
int inst_id = 0;
pdev = platform_device_alloc("fake-eth", inst_id);
platform_device_add(pdev);
pr_info("fake-eth added");
return 0;
}
static void __exit fake_eth_put(void)
{
pr_info("fake-fake removed");
platform_device_put(pdev);
}
module_init(fake_eth_add);
module_exit(fake_eth_put);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("John Madieu <john.madieu#gmail.com>");
I get following errors:
ERROR: modpost: "platform_device_put" [/home/rdm/ethtest/eth-ins.ko] undefined!
ERROR: modpost: "platform_device_add" [/home/rdm/ethtest/eth-ins.ko] undefined!
ERROR: modpost: "platform_device_alloc" [/home/rdm/ethtest/eth-ins.ko] undefined!
I check if the platform_device_alloc Symbol/Function is defined and it does:
root#txmp-1570:/lib/modules/5.7.1/source/kernel# grep -w platform_device_alloc /proc/kallsyms
c0547cfc T platform_device_alloc
Now I have learned that the symbols must be in the Module.symvers File tagged as EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL. The symbols were not there, so I added them to the Module.symvers file:
0x00000000 platform_device_alloc vmlinux EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
0x00000000 platform_device_add vmlinux EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
0x00000000 platform_device_put vmlinux EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
Now the code compiles! But when I want to load it with insmod, then I get following error:
root#txmp-1570:/home/rdm/ethtest# insmod eth-ins.ko
insmod: ERROR: could not insert module eth-ins.ko: Unknown symbol in module
And the dmseg logs:
[ 2954.658383] eth_ins: Unknown symbol platform_device_put (err -2)
[ 2954.664194] eth_ins: Unknown symbol platform_device_add (err -2)
[ 2954.672737] eth_ins: Unknown symbol platform_device_alloc (err -2)
What am I missing? Why did I have to append the Module.symvers file by myself? Did I miss something regarding setting up the enviromnent for kernel driver development?

Related

Getting error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol when compiling SDL2 code in Windows using MSVC

The complete error output:
SDL2main.lib(SDL_windows_main.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp_CommandLineToArgvW referenced in function main_getcmdline
My compiler options:
cl -D WINDOWS -nologo -W4 -WX -wd4100 -Fe"output_file.exe" input_file.c SDL2.lib SDL2main.lib -I ./SDL2-2.0.12/include -link -LIBPATH:./SDL2-2.0.12/lib/x64 -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE
My input_file.c header and main function:
#ifdef LINUX
#include <SDL2/SDL.h> /* Comes with stdio.h and stdlib.h */
#elif WINDOWS
#include <stdio.h>
#include "SDL.h"
#endif
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO|SDL_INIT_AUDIO|SDL_INIT_TIMER) != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
return -1;
}
. . .
The SDL development folder used in the command line arguments is the development libraries zip file downloaded from libsdl.org
Why am I getting this error?
you also need to use the library called "shell32.lib"
cl -D WINDOWS -nologo -W4 -WX -wd4100 -Fe"output_file.exe" input_file.c shell32.lib SDL2.lib SDL2main.lib -I ./SDL2-2.0.12/include -link -LIBPATH:./SDL2-2.0.12/lib/x64 -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE

kernel demo build error

In my limited experience with kernel program, my os is Ubuntu16.04,and use sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r` to install kernel header,and the kernel_hello.c file is
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("DUAL BSD/GPL")
MODULE_AUTHOR("YANQIN")
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("kernel module hello")
MODULE_VERSION("1.0")
static int hello_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "hello_init() start\n");
return 0;
}
static void hello_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "hello_exit() start\n");
}
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
and the Makefile is
KERNAL_DIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
obj-m := kernel_hello.o
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNAL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules
but the build result is like this
yq#ubuntu:~/kernelProgram$ make
make -C /lib/modules/4.10.0-28-generic/build M=/home/yq/kernelProgram modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.10.0-28-generic'
CC [M] /home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.o
In file included from ./include/linux/module.h:18:0,
from /home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c:2:
./include/linux/moduleparam.h:21:1: error: expected ‘,’ or ‘;’ before ‘static’
static const char __UNIQUE_ID(name)[] \
^
./include/linux/module.h:161:32: note: in expansion of macro ‘__MODULE_INFO’
#define MODULE_INFO(tag, info) __MODULE_INFO(tag, tag, info)
^
/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c:6:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘MODULE_AUTHOR’
MODULE_AUTHOR("YANQIN")
^
In file included from /home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c:2:0:
/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c: In function ‘__inittest’:
/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c:19:13: error: ‘hello_init’ undeclared (first use in this function)
module_init(hello_init);
^
./include/linux/module.h:131:11: note: in definition of macro ‘module_init’
{ return initfn; } \
^
/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c: At top level:
./include/linux/module.h:132:6: error: ‘init_module’ aliased to undefined symbol ‘hello_init’
int init_module(void) __attribute__((alias(#initfn)));
^
/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.c:19:1: note: in expansion of macro
‘module_init’
module_init(hello_init);
^
scripts/Makefile.build:301: recipe for target
'/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.o' failed
make[2]: *** [/home/yq/kernelProgram/kernel_hello.o] Error 1
Makefile:1524: recipe for target '_module_/home/yq/kernelProgram' failed
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/yq/kernelProgram] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.10.0-28-generic'
Makefile:7: recipe for target 'default' failed
make: *** [default] Error 2
i don't know why it saids the linux kernel header has error
Calls to MODULE_LICENSE and other MODULE_* macros, which setup information about the module, should be terminated with ; like common C instructions

Building pjSip 2.5 - unable to undefined reference to 'pj_jni_jvm'

Trying to build pjSIP from sources for Android, using following guide - https://trac.pjsip.org/repos/wiki/Getting-Started/Android
Checkout sources of pjsip (2.5)
export ANDROID_NDK_ROOT=/home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b
export TARGET_ABI=armeabi
export APP_PLATFORM=android-13
./configure-android --use-ndk-cflags --disable-video --disable-l16-codec --disable-gsm-codec --disable-g722-codec --disable-g7221-codec --disable-ssl --disable-ilbc-codec --disable-tls
configuration is completed successfully.
make dep && make clean && make
And I got following error - >
../src/pj/guid_android.c:43: error: undefined reference to 'pj_jni_jvm'
../src/pj/guid_android.c:117: error: undefined reference to 'pj_jni_jvm'
The command invoked by linked which leads to this error
/home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.8/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -o ../bin/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi \
output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/main.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/activesock.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/atomic.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/echo_clt.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/errno.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/exception.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/fifobuf.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/file.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/hash_test.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/ioq_perf.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/ioq_udp.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/ioq_unreg.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/ioq_tcp.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/list.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/mutex.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/os.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/pool.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/pool_perf.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/rand.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/rbtree.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/select.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/sleep.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/sock.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/sock_perf.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/ssl_sock.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/string.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/test.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/thread.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/timer.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/timestamp.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/udp_echo_srv_sync.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/udp_echo_srv_ioqueue.o output/pjlib-test-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi/util.o -lpj-arm-unknown-linux-androideabi -nostdlib -L/home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b/platforms/android-13/arch-arm/usr/lib -L/home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.8/libs/armeabi/ -lm /home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b/platforms/android-13/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtbegin_so.o -lgnustl_static -lc -lgcc -ldl -lOpenSLES -llog -L/home/dev/android/pjproject-2.5/pjlib/lib -L/home/dev/android/pjproject-2.5/pjlib-util/lib -L/home/dev/android/pjproject-2.5/pjnath/lib -L/home/dev/android/pjproject-2.5/pjmedia/lib -L/home/dev/android/pjproject-2.5/pjsip/lib -L/home/dev/android/pjproject-2.5/third_party/lib -nostdlib -L/home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b/platforms/android-13/arch-arm/usr/lib -L/home/dev/android/android-ndk-r9b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.8/libs/armeabi/
Code of guid_androind.c
#include <pj/guid.h>
#include <pj/log.h>
#include <pj/string.h>
#include <jni.h>
extern JavaVM *pj_jni_jvm;
static pj_bool_t attach_jvm(JNIEnv **jni_env)
{
if ((*pj_jni_jvm)->GetEnv(pj_jni_jvm, (void **)jni_env,
JNI_VERSION_1_4) < 0)
{
if ((*pj_jni_jvm)->AttachCurrentThread(pj_jni_jvm, jni_env, NULL) < 0)
{
jni_env = NULL;
return PJ_FALSE;
}
return PJ_TRUE;
}
return PJ_FALSE;
}
#define detach_jvm(attached) \
if (attached) \
(*pj_jni_jvm)->DetachCurrentThread(pj_jni_jvm);
Struggling with this error for whole day, any clue is highly appreciated. Meanwhile I'm able to build version 2.3 without any errors, but not 2.5
I believe you missed a step.
https://trac.pjsip.org/repos/wiki/Getting-Started/Android#BuildPreparation
Set your config_site.h to the following:
/* Activate Android specific settings in the 'config_site_sample.h' */
#define PJ_CONFIG_ANDROID 1
#include <pj/config_site_sample.h>

How can I write to TTY from a kernel module?

First post to SO, so I'll try to make the question right.
I'm making a simple Linux kernel module with the goal of echoing data back to the TTY shell from where the kernel module was loaded. The problem I having is the kernel "Ooops"-ing with the following message (caught with " watch 'dmesg | tail -50' "). The kernel module's name is Seraphim:
[ 184.222748] SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
[ 1877.456607] seraphim: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 1877.457321] ------------------
[ 1877.457324] Seraphim started.
[ 1877.457348] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000218
[ 1877.457411] IP: [<ffffffffa0012030>] seraphim_entry+0x30/0x1000 [seraphim]
[ 1877.457462] PGD 115a2e067 PUD 10aca8067 PMD 0
[ 1877.457498] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 1877.457524] Modules linked in: seraphim(OF+) rfcomm bnep nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_conn track_broadcast ipt_MASQUERADE ip6t_REJECT xt_conntrack ebtable_nat ebtable_broute bridge stp llce btable_filter ebtables ip6table_nat nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_nat_ipv6 ip6table_ma etc.
The code used for writing data to the TTY terminal follows:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
static void printString(char *string) {
struct tty_struct *tty;
tty = current->signal->tty;
if(tty != NULL) {
(tty->driver->ops->write) (tty, string, strlen(string));
}
else
printk("tty equals to zero");
}
What am I doing wrong?
I was following the tutorial at http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/lkmpg.pdf but it was out of date (the kernel I am using is 3.11.10-200 on Fedora 19), so I had to rummage through 3.11.10-200 source files to find the adequate structures.
use tty = get_current_tty(); instead of tty = current->signal->tty;
that's it
you need to lock the tty before accessing it and get_current_tty does it internally
NOTE: get_current_tty is under EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL, hence your module or code

Kernel module with multiple files - unknown symbol

Hello stackoverflowers :)
For the last several hours I've been trying to compile+load a multiple file module. The compilation emits a strange warning and the module fails to load. Here are the module, Makefile, compilation output and dmesg.
header:
// header.h
#ifndef _HEADER_H
#define _HEADER_H
void do_module_func(void);
void do_other_func(void);
#endif
'main' module file:
//mymodule.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include "header.h"
void do_module_func(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "module_func\n");
}
static int mymodule_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world\n");
do_other_func();
return 0;
}
module_init(mymodule_init);
static void mymodule_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye, cruel world\n");
}
module_exit(mymodule_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")
other c file, which calls do_module_func() that sits in the 'main' module
//other_file.c
#include "header.h"
#include <linux/kernel.h>
void do_other_func(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "other_func\n");
do_module_func();
}
Makefile
//Makefile
obj-m := mymodule.o
mymodule-objs := other_file.o
CROSS:=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-
KERNEL:= ~/work/linux-davinci-2.6.38/
ARCH:=arm
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
all:
$(MAKE) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS) ARCH=$(ARCH) -C $(KERNEL) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
$(MAKE) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS) ARCH=$(ARCH) -C $(KERNEL) M=$(PWD) clean
I'm cross compiling but I believe this shouldn't be a problem.
make output:
make CROSS_COMPILE....
make[1]: Entering directory .../linux-davinci-2.6.38
CC [M] .../other_file.o
LD [M] .../mymodule.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
WARNING: "do_module_func" [.../mymodule.o] undefined! <--- warning here
CC .../mymodule.mod.o
LD [M] .../mymodule.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory .../linux-davinci-2.6.38
insmod output:
can't insert 'mymodule.ko': unknown symbol in module, or unknown parameter
dmesg:
mymodule: Unknown symbol do_mdule_func (err 0)
Thus the module compiles with a (linkage?) warning and the module doesn't load.
Now, I see that in the make output there appears to be a linkage attempt after compiling other_file.c, but shouldn't there be a compilation of also mymodule.c before the linkage?
Thanks! :)
Turns out the problem was in the Makefile. The 'trick' is that you define in obj-m the module that will be compiled (into a .ko) and in the -objs you write all the source files.
Thus the definitions in this Makefile turn to:
obj-m := moduleko.o
moduleko-objs := other_file.o mymodule.o
and this is compiled into moduleko.ko.
This is because file_2 required file_1 symbol reference for building file_2 as LKM.
To overcome this, build file_1(LKM) and place the Module.symvers of file_1 in file_2 location. And build the file_2 again.
all:
$(MAKE) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS) ARCH=$(ARCH) -C $(KERNEL) M=$(PWD) modules
instead try like this
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL) ARCH=$(ARCH) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS) M=$(PWD) /
this will run each file and links with object.hope this would solve your problem

Resources