I was wondering what programming languages have a trie data structure library built-in to them? I am not sure because i didnt find any. Please help if you can. Thank you.
None of the most widely used programming languages have a built-in trie, as far as I know--none of Python, Java, or C++ have it.
Python does have a third-party library called pygtrie that is installable with pip.
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This might seems silly question but for me it is annoying.
I have installed Haskell platform in my PC using Portable option from the installation options as I do not have admin privileges. So the total Haskell files are now stored in D Drive and I am able to use this without any problems. But when I search for GUI programming in Haskell I have got many articles in Google and I came to final conclusion that I need another library or tool or plugin(I dont know which is correct) to make GUI programming possible in Haskell.
But here my questions are:
What are best tools for windows for GUI programming?
How to install the extra library or tool and attach it to
portable Haskell platform?
The Haskell wiki has a comprehensive list of available GUI libraries for Haskell.
The problem with GUI programming in Haskell is not so much the lack of available tools and libraries, but the fact that using Haskell to write GUI programs in the usual imperative event driven style doesn't take full advantage of the functional nature of Haskell.
There are a number of approaches aiming to address this problem, but, as far as I know, they are all pretty much at the "research" stage, meaning they are not yet quite as mature (both in theory and in practice) as the mainstream (non-functional) techniques. If you are interested in this direction, take a look at some of the functional reactive projects listed in that wiki page, as well as reactive-banana.
As for your second question (how to install Haskell libraries), you can use cabal, which is included in the Haskell Platform. This page explains how to install packages with it.
I currently program in Perl, Python, C#, C, C++, Java, and a few other languages, and I'm looking for a new language to use as a primary when doing personal projects.
My current criteria are:
can be run as an interpreted language (i.e., run without having to wait to compile it);
can be compiled to native code;
are strongly typed (even if optionally);
support macros/templating/code morphing/wtf you want to call it;
has a decent number of libraries for it, or easily accessible to it;
Ideas? Suggestions?
I would suggest that Haskell suits your criteria.
Can be run as an interpreted language? Yes, via GHCI.
Can be compiled to native code? Yes.
Is strongly typed? Very much so. Perhaps even the most strongly typed language today, with the exception of some theorem provers like Agda.
Support macros/templating/morphing? If you use template haskell. This is an optional extension of the language however, so most libraries don't use macros. I haven't used template haskell myself so i can't comment on if it's any good.
Has decent library support? The standard library is not bad. There is also Hackage, an open repository of Haskell libraries a bit in the style of CPAN.
Additionally, it sounds like you already know a lot of imperative/object oriented languages. IMHO if you learn another one of those langs. it will probably be a slightly different permutation of features you've already seen somewhere else. Adding another programming paradigm like functional programming to your toolbox will probably be a better learning experience. Though I guess whether that's an advantage or not depends on if you want to learn new things or be productive quickly.
Common Lisp fits: there is an optional typing, efficient native compilation is available, powerful REPL makes it a perfect choice for scripting, and there is a powerful macro metaprogramming.
OCaml fits as well, with CamlP4 for metaprogramming.
Scala? It does run scripts, although they are compiled (transparently) first. I'm not sure what you mean by code morphing etc, but it's pretty good for DSLs. It meets all your other requirements - compiled as much as Java is, strongly typed, and has a reasonable number of its own libraries as well as all of Java's. I'm still a beginner with it, but I like it so far.
I'm looking for a programming language. It should be an easy language to learn, and should have a Garbage Collector. It should be a basic language with features like basic types (integer, boolean), arrays and etc, and I should write the framework.
It is for a game editor I want to write. The editor's designer will write the code of the UI in this programming language. The framework will be a 2D graphics and audio framework, and in the future it'll be 3D too.
I thought about the new Go language, but it doesn't have much support and theres no binding to OpenGL and etc.
Any ideas?
Thanks.
The obvious two are [C](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)) or C++. However, [D](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language)) is closer to Java and C# given that it has a garbage collector in the standard, as well as an alternative standard library that is fairly closer to Java than the C++ standard library. The downside with D is that they tools are not as mature as C++ or C and the community isn't as large.
The obvious solution though it to look down the list of compiled languages on wikipedia and see which you like the look of.
Well, that's a fairly broad question and without more specific requirements it is difficult to give a focused answer, but it sounds like C (or C++) would fit the bill for you. The languages you described all owe their syntax to C. C will compile to native code. C is basic language in that there is not much to learn beyond the basic syntax and it has all the basic primitives that you require.
Now that you've added the requirement of a garbage collected language, I suppose that you could try Go, but that language is not mature and there's always a risk there.
If you don't want to manage memory all by yourself like C or C++, you can try the new Go language. It compiles to native code (albeit for Linux and MacOSX only for now) and comes with a basic framework that can be easily replaced with your own framework.
It has a very active user base, so IMO it is possible to mature quickly.
You may want to look at Lua.
Lua is a relatively tiny language which manages to be capable and universal with just a few concepts. The BNF specification for the whole language fits easily on one page. It has numbers, booleans, tables and functions, and surprisingly that's all the datatypes it needs. It can even work in an object-oriented fashion.
There's a compiler, Luac, that compiles Lua to bytecode.
Lua is already being used as a UI programming language for games. Addons for World of Warcraft and a few other games are programmed in Lua. I believe Lua is a very good fit for this kind of task.
You want OpenGL? OK... http://luagl.wikidot.com/ is an OpenGL library for Lua.
Since we don't know what you want to do, I don't know what are the chances we success. Therefor, what about a language where you have to set the probability of your statement to fail :
Meet GOTO++.
Don't say "thanks you", it's on me.
Enjoy a challenge?
Try go.
Here's a tech talk by rob pike, and here is a discussion group: http://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts/topics
.
C++ is Great, it's not scripting lang, so you don't even need a scripting host.
If you moved to a new programming language, which libraries do you feel must be supported if you're to keep using the language?
I am interested in both specific libraries (eg, bindings for libXYZ should exist) and categories (eg, a regular expression library should exist).
As an extension to this, what are the deal breaker features or design decisions (language level or library level) that would persuade you to switch to another language or to ignore it? Does your current main language support these well? How could they be improved upon?
I am interested to hear what people find most important for their choice of programming language besides syntax, platform support, efficiency and paradigm.
String handling is still essential today. So either the language or the standard library should have a nice set of string handling features.
A Strong xUnit-like library.
Webservice support
XML Processing
A database connectivity library
A Networking library
A threading library
A File IO library
In terms of frameworks:
A Rich GUI library
An AJAX library
An application server.
It wasn't that important a few decades ago, but support for networking is very important.
At the very least high-level stuff like HTTP.
Things that I use all the time is only the basic stuff like collections, network and I/O stuff. And I would expect that language to support it directly not by adding a library to it.
A solid Math library helps quite a bit.
Regular expressions
Logging & other diagnostics
Cryptography
Collections (lists/maps/stacks/etc)
Duplicate of:
Learning to write a compiler
Documentation on creating a programming language
Learning Resources on Parsers, Interpreters, and Compilers
Suggestions for writing a programming language?
Compiler-Programming: What are the most fundamental ingredients?
Are there some online resources about compiler principle?
and others I'm too lazy to find right now.
I'm not asking how to make an incredibly complex language. I just wanted to understand the basics. I would use c# as the underlying language. I know it's vague. I was hoping for something very basic to direct me.
I think I'm mostly interested in creating scripting languages. For example, I see people that write programs but then they have a scripting language for their application. I do not want to rewrite a windows scripting language. Say I had a text file reader and for some reason wanted a scripting language to automate something. I'm not sure how to ask.
Thank you.
EDIT - Thank you for the answers. I was looking at it more for the learning not the doing at the moment. I would probably use LUA, but I am trying to learn more about the concept in general.
You could take a look at LUA - I've used it to great success each time I asked myself the question "How would I automate insert task here in insert one of my apps here?"
Edit: Here are some examples (taken from the links page, admittedly, unwieldy Lua Wiki) on how you could embed Lua in your app:
Embedding Lua in C: Using Lua from inside C
Embedding a scripting language inside your C/C++ code
Embeddable scripting with Lua
You can use an existing language like Python or Javascript. For example, for Javascript, there is http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/ for Java apps. So typically you don't need to actually invent a new language, you would just provide a custom API for a language that already exists.
first you need a lexical parser like lex, then a syntax parser like bison.
then you can work with the syntax parser to create an interpreter to 'execute' the syntax results.
that's how the most scripting languages do.
p.s: another way is to practice by writing shells - shell scripts (bash, csh, or sh) are highly simplified scripting languages.
Some terminology is in order. You may be talking about a domain-specific language.
The two basic ways to transform a text file into an "executable": a compiler or an interpreter. An interpreter fits the scripting concept better, as it is easier to build and executes lines one at a time. Note that beyond a very simple language both writing a decent parser or a decent interpreter are non-trivial. The classic work on interpreters is SICP, but this is quite a hard book for beginners.
Scott Hanselman mentioned in his latest hanselminutes podcast that integrating IronPython to allow scripting of an existing application was very easy to do.
If you're interested in the end target of having your application be scriptable, then you should definitely consider using an existing language rather than attempting to write your own.
If you are more interested in the educational experience of writing your own scripting language, then you should go for it!
There's no need to create a new scripting language there are several eg. Rhino which is a widely used embeddable javascript (http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/) or Jscript from MS, that you can use directly in your product.
I've gone the way that you are asking - I once created my own scheme interpreter. This worked really well, but we re-invented a lot of technology and didn't really get a lot of additional benefit. We would have been far better off just using one of the scheme's that were available. I would not make that decision again even though it was fun and successful.