If I have a string, "foo; \n", I can turn this into a raw string with r"foo; \n". If I have a variable x = "foo; \n", how do I convert x into a raw string? I tried y = rf"{x}" but this did not work.
Motivation:
I have a python string variable, res. I compute res as
big_string = """foo; ${bar}"""
from string import Template
t = Template(big_string)
res = t.substitute(bar="baz")
As such, res is a variable. I'd like to convert this variable into a raw string. The reason is I am going to POST it as JSON, but I am getting json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 620 (char 619). Previously, when testing I fixed this by converting my string to a raw string with: x = r"""foo; baz""" (keeping in line with the example above). Now I am not dealing with a big raw string. I am dealing with a variable that is a JSON representation of a string where I have replaced a single variable, bar above, with a list for a query, and now I want to convert this string into a raw string (e.g. r"foo; baz", yes I realize this is not valid JSON).
Update: As per this question I need a raw string. The question and answer flagged in the comments as duplicate do not work (res.encode('unicode_escape')).
Related
I'm working with Arduino to create JSON.
The code like below
String Temperature = "30";
String macAddressDevice = "ABC";
String Humidity = "56";
char json[] = "{\"mac\":macAddressDevice,\"temperature\":Temperature,\"humidity\":Humidity}";
mqtt.publish("TemperatureHumidity", json);
When I try to console.log in nodejs, it show me not the value but the variable name text:
{"mac":macAddressDevice,"temperature":Temperature,"humidity":Humidity}
Is there any way how to get the value with above json format ?
Your code works exactly as you code it, that is, you are sending a string literal instead of concatenating string literal with String variables like Temperature and Humidity.
String concatenation is something like this:
String json= "{\"mac\":macAddressDevice,\"temperature\":" + Temperature + "\"humidity\":" + Humidity + "}";
mqtt.publish("TemperatureHumidity", json.c_str());
See String Addition Operator on how to concatenate variables together to form a String.
The json.c_str() converts a String object to a pointer to a char array. See c_str() for more information.
I am trying to use loop to write float into a file, but the write function does not let it happen until I convert it into string or use format, which eventually converts it into string.
Is there any way that I can do it? I need the data inside the file to be in float, since later on the file data can be used to create graphs, thus strings can not be a way out.
Later on I need to use Termgraph Python3 library for this, and the data needs to be a float.
print("sequence","Sign","Values")
f = open("termdata.dat","w")
f.write("Sequence,Score\n")
for i in range(0,len(list_one)):
value1 = list_two[i]
value_ = q_score[value1]
print(list_one[i],"\t", list_two[i],"\t", value_)
str1 = str(list_one[i])
float1 = float(value_)
f.write(str1)
f.write(",")
f.write(str(float1))
f.write("\n")
I'm trying to figure out how to convert the values of a dictionary from bytes to strings as the backend only supports primitive types.
oledata = {
'macros': macros,
'data': analysis
}
s = str(oledata)
save_data_to_s3(json.dumps(s), ['olevba3'])
As you can see, the values of this dict are bytes. Now this code will execute without errors on my test sample but the output has the b' prefix in front of the values (data), which will break the database. Dict's also have no decode() functionality which is why I used str(), but it must be doing something wrong since the values are still coming out with the b' prefix. Which leads to my general question, how do you decode the values of a dictionary to utf-8 format?
my_str = b"Hello" # b means its a byte string
new_str = my_str.decode('utf-8') # Decode using the utf-8 encoding
print(new_str)
AttributeError: 'builtin_function_or_method' object has no attribute 'encode'
I'm trying to make a text to code converter as an example for an assignment and this is some code based off of some I found in my research,
import binascii
text = input('Message Input: ')
data = binascii.b2a_base64.encode(text)
text = binascii.a2b_base64.encode(data)
print (text), "<=>", repr(data)
data = binascii.b2a_uu(text)
text = binascii.a2b_uu(data)
print (text), "<=>", repr(data)
data = binascii.b2a_hqx(text)
text = binascii.a2b_hqx(data)
print (text), "<=>", repr(data)
can anyone help me get it working? it's supposed to take an input in and then convert it into hex and others and display those...
I am using Python 3.6 but I am also a little out of practice...
TL;DR:
data = binascii.b2a_base64(text.encode())
text = binascii.a2b_base64(data).decode()
print (text, "<=>", repr(data))
You've hit on a common problem in the Python3 - str object vs bytes object. The bytes object contains sequence of bytes. One byte can contain any number from 0 to 255. Usually those number are translated through the ASCII table into a characters like english letters. Usually in the Python you should use bytes for working with binary data.
On the other hand the str object contains sequence of code points. One code point usually represent one character printed on your screen when you call print. Internally it is sequence of bytes so the Chinese symbol 的 is internally saved as 3 bytes long sequence.
Now to the your problem. The function requires as input the bytes object but you've got a str object from the function input. To convert str into bytes you have to call str.encode() method on the str object.
data = binascii.b2a_base64(text.encode())
Your original call binascii.b2a_base64.encode(text) means call method encode of the object binascii.b2a_base64 with parameter text.
The function binascii.b2a_base64 returns bytes contains original input encoded with the base64 algorithms. Now to get back the original str from encoded data you have to call this:
# Take base64 encoded data and return it decoded as bytes object
decoded_data = binascii.a2b_base64(data)
# Convert bytes object into str
text = decoded_data.decode()
It can be written as one line
decoded_data = binascii.a2b_base64(data).decode()
WARNING: Your call of print is invalid for Python 3 (it will work only in the python console)
In Swift I can create a String variable such as this:
let s = "Hello\nMy name is Jack!"
And if I use s, the output will be:
Hello
My name is Jack!
(because the \n is a linefeed)
But what if I want to programmatically obtain the raw characters in the s variable? As in if I want to actually do something like:
let sRaw = s.raw
I made the .raw up, but something like this. So that the literal value of sRaw would be:
Hello\nMy name is Jack!
and it would literally print the string, complete with literal "\n"
Thank you!
The newline is the "raw character" contained in the string.
How exactly you formed the string (in this case from a string literal with an escape sequence in source code) is not retained (it is only available in the source code, but not preserved in the resulting program). It would look exactly the same if you read it from a file, a database, the concatenation of multiple literals, a multi-line literal, a numeric escape sequence, etc.
If you want to print newline as \n you have to convert it back (by doing text replacement) -- but again, you don't know if the string was really created from such a literal.
You can do this with escaped characters such as \n:
let secondaryString = "really"
let s = "Hello\nMy name is \(secondaryString) Jack!"
let find = Character("\n")
let r = String(s.characters.split(find).joinWithSeparator(["\\","n"]))
print(r) // -> "Hello\nMy name is really Jack!"
However, once the string s is generated the \(secondaryString) has already been interpolated to "really" and there is no trace of it other than the replaced word. I suppose if you already know the interpolated string you could search for it and replace it with "\\(secondaryString)" to get the result you want. Otherwise it's gone.