So I have a text file, and I need to define a function to open the file, read through it, and then return and print the number of characters within the file.
So far I've got:
def num_chars_in_file(file):
path = 'planets.txt'
file_handle = open(path)
for text in file_handle:
file = file_handle.readlines()
print(file)
print(f"\nProblem 1: {num_chars_in_file()}")
# I'm not sure where to go from where.
You could create a count variable to store the cumulative total of characters as you iterate over each line, something like this:
def num_chars_in_file():
path = 'planets.txt'
file_handle = open(path)
count = 0
for text in file_handle:
count += len(text.rstrip())
file_handle.close() # Make sure to close the file if you're not using with
return count
print(f"\nProblem 1: {num_chars_in_file()}")
with open('my_words.txt') as infile:
lines=0
words=0
characters=0
for line in infile:
wordslist=line.split()
lines=lines+1
words=words+len(wordslist)
characters += sum(len(word) for word in wordslist)
print(lines)
print(words)
print(characters)
Try this to print number of line, words and characters in the file.
Refer to this similar question more details.
Related
I need all the strings found in the text file to be found and capitalized. I have found out how to find the string but getting multiple is my issue if you can help me print, where the given string is throughout my code, would be great thanks.
import os
import subprocess
i = 1
string1 = 'biscuit eater'
# opens the text file
# if this is the path where my file resides, f will become an absolute path to it
f = os.path.expanduser("/users/acarroll55277/documents/Notes/new_myfile.txt")
# with this form of open, the wile will automatically close when exiting the code block
txtfile = open (f, 'r')
# print(f.read()) to print the text document in terminal
# this sets variables flag and index to 0
flag = 0
index = 0
# looks through the file line by line
for line in txtfile:
index += 1
#checking if the sting is in the line or not
if string1 in line:
flag = 1
break
# checking condition for sting found or not
if flag == 0:
print('string ' + string1 + ' not found')
else:
print('string ' + string1 + ' found in line ' + str(index))
I believe your approach would work, but it is very verbose and not very Pythonic. Try this out:
import os, subprocess
string1 = 'biscuit eater'
with open(os.path.expanduser("/users/acarroll55277/documents/Notes/new_myfile.txt"), 'r+') as fptr:
matches = list()
[matches.append(i) for i, line in enumerate(fptr.readlines()) if string1 in line.strip()]
fptr.read().replace(string1, string1.title())
if len(matches) == 0: print(f"string {string1} not found")
[print(f"string {string1} found in line {i}") for i in matches]
This will now print out a message for every occurrence of your string in the file. In addition, the file is handled safely and closed automatically at the end of the script thanks to the with statement.
You can use the str.replace-method. So in the line where you find the string, write line.replace(string1, string1.upper(), 1). The last 1 is there to only make the function replace 1 occurence of the string.
Either that or you read the text file as a string and use the replace-method on that entire string. That saves you the trouble of trying to find the occurence manually. In that case, you can write
txtfile = open(f, 'r')
content = txtfile.read()
content = content.replace(string1, string1.upper())
I am trying to read some data files '.txt' and some of them contain strange random characters and even extra columns in random rows, like in the following example, where the second row is an example of a right row:
CTD 10/07/30 05:17:14.41 CTD 24.7813, 0.15752, 1.168, 0.7954, 1497.¸ 23.4848, 0.63042, 1.047, 3.5468, 1496.542
CTD 10/07/30 05:17:14.47 CTD 23.4846, 0.62156, 1.063, 3.4935, 1496.482
I read the description of np.loadtxt and I have not found a solution for my problem. Is there a systematic way to skip rows like these?
The code that I use to read the files is:
#Function to read a datafile
def Read(filename):
#Change delimiters for spaces
s = open(filename).read().replace(':',' ')
s = s.replace(',',' ')
s = s.replace('/',' ')
#Take the columns that we need
data=np.loadtxt(StringIO(s),usecols=(4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12))
return data
This works without using csv like the other answer and just reads line by line checking if it is ascii
data = []
def isascii(s):
return len(s) == len(s.encode())
with open("test.txt", "r") as fil:
for line in fil:
res = map(isascii, line)
if all(res):
data.append(line)
print(data)
You could use the csv module to read the file one line at a time and apply your desired filter.
import csv
def isascii(s):
len(s) == len(s.encode())
with open('file.csv') as csvfile:
csvreader = csv.reader(csvfile)
for row in csvreader:
if len(row)==expected_length and all((isascii(x) for x in row)):
'write row onto numpy array'
I got the ascii check from this thread
How to check if a string in Python is in ASCII?
I try to split a file by delimeter: "}., but the delimeter is not found and as a result I get only one new file with the same content as the original one. The code is:
with open('okladki_200_01') as fp:
contents = fp.read()
i = 1
for entry in contents.split('"}.'):
f= open("okladka_%s" % i,"w+")
f.write(entry)
f.close()
i += 1
Can you help, please?
EDIT:
The content of the file is like:
{"base64Image":"/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEB\nAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQH/2wBDAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEB\nAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQH/wAARCAusFMADASIA\nAhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAgIBBQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAgQAAwUBBgcICQoL/8QAaRAAAQEFBAcDBwgHBQYD\nAwEZAwIBBBESEwAhIiMFFDEyM0FDUVNhBiRCY3GBkQcIFTRSc6GxRGKDk8HR8FRyo+HxCRYlZLPD\ndILTFzWEkp [...] 3aIiVoL1pmNQxjWr27\nPBnhatT94NfdwDzDBz9aSP/Z\n","elementHashcode":-1794239528,"imageOrientation":6,"type":"BOOK"}
{"base64Image":"/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEB\nAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEBAQEB
And I think I just found the problem... HxD viewer displays 0x0A ASCII character as a dot, but it is New Line. So I should look for '"}\n'
Move contents.split('"}.') into its own variable.
lines = contents.split('.}"')
for entry in lines:
...
Code :
with open('textfile') as fp:
contents = fp.read()
i = 1
lines = contents.split('.}"')
for entry in lines:
f= open("textfile_%s" % i,"w+")
f.write(entry)
f.close()
i += 1
fp.close()
Do you actually need to check for brackets? In your case it seems like your input file is already formatted with 1 content = 1 line, so our delimiter could be \n instead and we can use readlines().
Here is a possible solution:
with open('okladki_200_01') as fp:
lines = fp.readlines() # this is a list of strings.
i = 1
for line in lines:
entry = line.lstrip("{").rstrip("}\n") # some clean-up.
f = open("okladka_%s" %i ,"w+")
f.write(entry)
f.close()
i += 1
I've been learning Python and I wanted to write a script to count the number of characters in a text and calculate their relative frequencies. But first, I wanted to know the length of the file. My intention is that, while the script goes from line to line counting all the characters, it would print the current line and the total number of lines, so I could know how much it is going to take.
I executed a simple for loop to count the number of lines, and then another for loop to count the characters and put them in a dictionary. However, when I run the script with the first for loop, it stops early. It doesn't even go into the second for loop as far as I know. If I remove this loop, the rest of the code goes on fine. What is causing this?
Excuse my code. It's rudimentary, but I'm proud of it.
My code:
import string
fname = input ('Enter a file name: ')
try:
fhand = open(fname)
except:
print ('Cannot open file.')
quit()
#Problematic bit. If this part is present, the script ends abruptly.
#filelength = 0
#for lines in fhand:
# filelength = filelength + 1
counts = dict()
currentline = 1
for line in fhand:
if len(line) == 0: continue
line = line.translate(str.maketrans('','',string.punctuation))
line = line.translate(str.maketrans('','',string.digits))
line = line.translate(str.maketrans('','',string.whitespace))
line = line.translate(str.maketrans('','',""" '"’‘“” """))
line = line.lower()
index = 0
while index < len(line):
if line[index] not in counts:
counts[line[index]] = 1
else:
counts[line[index]] += 1
index += 1
print('Currently at line: ', currentline, 'of', filelength)
currentline += 1
listtosort = list()
totalcount = 0
for (char, number) in list(counts.items()):
listtosort.append((number,char))
totalcount = totalcount + number
listtosort.sort(reverse=True)
for (number, char) in listtosort:
frequency = number/totalcount*100
print ('Character: %s, count: %d, Frequency: %g' % (char, number, frequency))
It looks fine the way you are doing it, however to simulate your problem, I downloaded and saved a Guttenberg text book. It's a unicode issue. Two ways to resolve it. Open it as a binary file or add the encoding. As it's text, I'd go the utf-8 option.
I'd also suggest you code it differently, below is the basic structure that closes the file after opening it.
filename = "GutenbergBook.txt"
try:
#fhand = open(filename, 'rb')
#open read only and utf-8 encoding
fhand = open(filename, 'r', encoding = 'utf-8')
except IOError:
print("couldn't find the file")
else:
try:
for line in fhand:
#put your code here
print(line)
except:
print("Error reading the file")
finally:
fhand.close()
For the op, this is a specific occasion. However, for visitors, if your code below the for state does not execute, it is not a python built-in issue, most likely to be: an exception error handling in parent caller.
Your iteration is inside a function, which is called inside a try except block of caller, then if any error occur during the loop, it will get escaped.
This issue can be hard to find, especially when you dealing with intricate architecture.
Write a function func(infilepath) that reads the file whose file path is infilepath, and prints the number of times each character(excluding newline characters) appeared in the file, in sorted order of the characters.
Any help would be greatly appreciated !
This won't be the exact answer, but enough to get you started!
First, open a file:
f = open("file.txt", "r")
Then read lines
lines = f.readlines()
Define a dictionary. Split the line by spaces, increment the dictionary by one if they character is already present in the dictionary, else initialize it to 0.
chars = {}
lines = [line.strip() for line in lines]
for line in lines:
line = line.split(" ")
for i in line:
if i not in chars.keys():
chars[i] = 0
else:
chars[i]+=1
More about file handling: https://github.com/thewhitetulip/build-app-with-python-antitextbook/blob/master/manuscript/06-file-handling.md
More about sets/lits/dictionaries: https://github.com/thewhitetulip/build-app-with-python-antitextbook/blob/master/manuscript/04-list-set-dict.md
Some practical examples to get you thinking: https://github.com/thewhitetulip/build-app-with-python-antitextbook/blob/master/manuscript/13-examples.md