I am working on a testing tool for nvme-cli(written in c and can run on linux).
For SSD validation purpose, i was actually looking for a custom command(For e.g. I/O command, write and then read the same and finally compare if both the data are same)
For read the ioctl() function is used as shown in the below code.
struct nvme_user_io io = {
.opcode = opcode,
.flags = 0,
.control = control,
.nblocks = nblocks,
.rsvd = 0,
.metadata = (__u64)(uintptr_t) metadata,
.addr = (__u64)(uintptr_t) data,
.slba = slba,
.dsmgmt = dsmgmt,
.reftag = reftag,
.appmask = appmask,
.apptag = apptag,
};
err = ioctl(fd, NVME_IOCTL_SUBMIT_IO, &io);
Can I to where exactly the control of execution goes in order to understand the read.
Also I want to have another command that looks like
err = ioctl(fd,NVME_IOCTL_WRITE_AND_COMPARE_IO, &io);
so that I can internally do a write, then read the same location and finally compare the both data to ensure that the disk contains only the data that I wanted to write.
Since I am new to this nvme/ioctl(), if there is any mistakes please correct me.
nvme_io() is a main command handler that accepts as a parameter the NVMe opcode that you want to send to your device. According to the standard, you have separate commands (opcodes) for read, write and compare. You could either send those commands separately, or add a vendor specific command to calculate what you need.
Related
I am working on implementation of new fiscal device. And it is using OPOS / UPOS library for communication. I am very new to ctypes and have no experience with C at all. However, I have managed to make it work, mostly.
But I am having issues with returning a string from generalist method DirectIO. documentation says: "This command should be used immediately after EndFiscalReceipt() to retrieve unique ID of latest receipt"
" Parameters:
– Data [in]
Ignored.
– Obj [in/out]
Value to be read."
And adds .NET example under it:
int iData = 0;
string strReferenceID = "";
fiscalPrinter.EndFiscalReceipt();
fiscalPrinter.DirectIO(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, ref iData, ref strReferenceID);
// strReferenceID will contain latest receipt ID, e.g. "O−7DBCDA8A56EE426DBCDA8A56EE426D1A"
the first parameter (CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID) is the command executed, thats why its not listed above.
However, python is not .NET and I have never been working with .NET.
I have been following instructions in ctypes doku (https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/ctypes.html), defiend this methods arguments and return in init:
self.libc.DirectIO.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_char_p]
self.libc.DirectIO.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
Than tried different ways to retrieve reply string, but neither of these does work in my case:
s = ""
c_s = ctypes.c_char_p(s)
result = self.send_command(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, 0, c_s)
p = ctypes.create_string_buffer(40)
poin = ctypes.pointer(p)
result = self.send_command(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, 0, poin)
p = ctypes.create_string_buffer(40)
result = self.send_command(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, 0, p)
s = ctypes.create_string_buffer('\000' * 32)
result = self.send_command(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, 0, s)
the string object I have created is allways empty, a.k.a. "" after caling the Cmethod, just like I have created it.
However, there is one more thing, that does not make sense to me. My colleague showed me, how you can see method arguments and return in header file. For this one, there is this:
int DirectIO(int iCommand, int* piData, const char* pccString);
Which means, it returns integer? If I am not mistaken.
so, what I am thinking is, that I have to pass to the method some pointer to a string, created in python, and C will change it, into what I should read. Thus, I think my way of thinking about solution is right.
I have also tried this approach, but that does not work for me either How to pass pointer back in ctypes?
and I am starting to feel desperate. Not sure if I understand the problem correctly and looking for a solution is right place.
I have solved my problem. The whole thing was, in allocating of memory. Every example on the net that I have readed did create empty string, like s = "". But, that is not correct!
When allocated empty string "" C library have had no memory where to write result.
this was almost correct approach,
self.libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(LIB_PATH)
self.libc.DirectIO.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_char_p]
result_s = ctypes.c_char_p("")
log.info('S address: %s | S.value: "%s"' % (result_s, result_s.value))
self.libc.DirectIO(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, 0, result_s)
log.info('S address: %s | S.value: "%s"' % (result_s, result_s.value))
returns:
S address: c_char_p(140192115373700) | S.value: ""
S address: c_char_p(140192115373700) | S.value: ""
it needed just a small modification:
self.libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(LIB_PATH)
self.libc.DirectIO.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_char_p]
result_s = ctypes.c_char_p(" " * 10)
log.info('S address: %s | S.value: %s' % (result_s, result_s.value))
self.libc.DirectIO(CMD_EKASA_RECEIPT_ID, 0, result_s)
log.info('S address: %s | S.value: %s' % (result_s, result_s.value))
now, printing result_s after calling self.libc.DirectIO does return different string, than it was before call.
S address: c_char_p(140532072777764) | S.value: " "
S address: c_char_p(140532072777764) | S.value: "0-C12A22F5"
There is linux in the tag, but OPOS does not work on linux.
Or are you working in an emulation environment such as Wine?
In any case, if you don't have the right environment, you can get into trouble with a little bit of nothing.
First, work in a Windows 32-bit environment, create something that works there, and then port it to another environment.
Since OPOS uses OLE/COM technology, the first package to use is win32com or comtypes.
UnifiedPOS is a conceptual specification and there are no actual software components.
There are three types of software that actually run: OPOS, JavaPOS, and POS for.NET.
OPOS and POS for.NET only work in a Windows 32-bit environment.
Only JavaPOS can work in a Linux environment, and it is usually only available from Java.
If you want to make something in Python, you need to create a Wrapper (or glue) library that calls Java from Python.
If the C interface UnifiedPOS(OPOS) is running on Linux without using the Windows emulator or the Wrapper for Java, it may be an original library/component created by the printer vendor with reference to UnifiedPOS.
In that case, I think that the detailed specification can only be heard from the vendor who created it.
To explain, DirectIO method and DirectIOEvent are defined as method/event that vendors can freely define and use.
Therefore, only method/event names and parameters are defined in the UnifiedPOS document.
It is necessary to ask the vendor who provides the DirectIO method/DirectIOEvent what function the specific vendor's service object has, and it is up to the vendor to determine what the parameter means is.
The OPOS specification was absorbed by UnifiedPOS from the middle, but until then it existed as a single specification.
The rest of the name is here. MCS: OPOS Releases
This is the root of the return value of the method of your library being integer.
By the way, this is the latest UnifiedPOS specification for now.
Document -- retail/17-07-32 (UnifiedPOS Retail Peripheral Architecture, Version 1.14.1)
We have evolved our Origen usage such that we have a params file and a flow file for each test module (scan, mbist, etc.). We are now at the point where we need to take into account the test insertion when handling the DUT model and the test flow generation. I can see here that using a job flag is the preferred method for specifying test insertion specifics into the flow file. And this video shows how to specify a test insertion when simulating the test flow. My question is how can a test insertion be specified when not generating a flow, only loading params files into the DUT model? Take this parameter set that defines some test conditions for a scan/ATPG test module.
scan.define_params :test_flows do |p|
p.flows.ws1.chain = [:vmin, :vmax]
p.flows.ft1.chain = [:vmin, :vmax]
p.flows.ws1.logic = [:vmin, :vmax]
p.flows.ft1.logic = [:vmin]
p.flows.ws1.delay = [:pmax]
p.flows.ft1.delay = [:pmin]
end
You can see in the parameter set hierarchy that there are two test insertions defined: 'ws1' and 'ft1'. Am I right to assume that the --job option only sets a flag somewhere when used with the origen testers:run command? Or can this option be applied to origen i, such that just loading some parameter sets will have access to the job selected?
thx
There's no built-in way to do what you want here, but given that you are using parameters in this example the way I would do it would be to align your parameter contexts to the job name:
scan.define_params :ws1 do |p|
p.flows.chain = [:vmin, :vmax]
p.flows.logic = [:vmin, :vmax]
p.flows.delay = [:pmax]
end
scan.define_params :ft1 do |p|
p.flows.chain = [:vmin, :vmax]
p.flows.logic = [:vmin]
p.flows.delay = [:pmin]
end
There are various ways to actually set the current context, one way would be to have a target setup per job:
# target/ws1.rb
MyDUT.new
dut.params = :ws1
# target/ft1.rb
MyDUT.new
dut.params = :ft1
Here it is assuming that the scan object is configured to track the context of the top-level DUT - http://origen-sdk.org/origen//guides/models/parameters/#Tracking_the_Context_of_Another_Object
I was trying to use threading for parsing two different types of files. The subroutines share no data at all.
# Parse header files
$hdr_thrd = threads -> create(\&Parser::parse_header_file, $path);
# Parse input template files
$tmplt_thrd = threads -> create(\&TemplateParser::parse_template);
# Join the threads
$tmplt_thrd -> join();
$hdr_thrd -> join();
# This uses the data obtained from the above two threads
&Parser::parse_xml_template();
The problem comes when the parse_xml_template function tries to access an array #TemplateParser::array. The array has no data at this point but it is getting filled inside the parse_template function. Am I missing something?
You're trying to share data across threads without sharing it. You need to use :shared or share() on the variable.
You wouldn't have this problem at all if you were to avoid global vars as you should.
sub parse_template {
my #tmplt_result;
...
return \#tmplt_result;
}
my $hdr_thrd = threads->create(\&Parser::parse_header_file, $path);
my $tmplt_thrd = threads->create(\&TemplateParser::parse_template);
my $tmplt_result = $tmplt_thrd->join();
my $hdr_result = $hdr_thrd->join();
(Explicit sharing is not necessary to when returning a value via join.)
Of course, that needlessly creates two threads (for a total of three) when two would suffice. Instead, you could use:
sub parse_template {
my #tmplt_result;
...
return \#tmplt_result;
}
my $hdr_thrd = threads->create(\&Parser::parse_header_file, $path);
my $tmplt_result = TemplateParser::parse_template();
my $hdr_result = $hdr_thrd->join();
I'm trying to make a system which backs up and restores points for a gameserver, so it can safely restart without loosing anything.
I have made a script to do just this and the actual backing up part works fine, but the restore part does not.
This is the script that runs if 'Backup(read)' is used (Backup(write) works perfectly as it is designed to do):
if (source and read) then
System.LogAlways("[System] Restoring serverdata from file 'backup.CHK'");
for line in source:lines() do
Backup = {};
Backup.Date = (Date or line:match("File Last Modified: (.-)"));
Backup.Time = (Time or line:match("time: (.-)"));
US = tonumber((US or line:match("us: (.-)")));
NK = tonumber((NK or line:match("nk: (.-)")));
local params = {class = "Player";
position = {x = 1, y = 1, z = -1000};
Respawn = { bRespawn = 0; nTimer =0; bUnique = 1; };
bUsable = 0;
orientation = {0, 90, 135};
name = "BackupEntity"; };
local ent = System.SpawnEntity(params);
g_gameRules.game:SetTeam(1, ent.id);
g_gameRules.game:SetSynchedEntityValue(playerId, 100, (NK/3));
g_gameRules.game:SetTeam(2, ent.id);
g_gameRules.game:SetSynchedEntityValue(playerId, 100, (US/3));
System.RemoveEntity(params);
end
source:close();
return;
end
I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong,and most sites that I have looked at don't help that much. The problem is that it's not reading any values from the file.
Any help will be appreciated :).
Edit:
The reason that we have to divide the score by 3 is because the server multiplies all scores by 3. If we were not to divide it by 3, then the score will always be 3 times larger on each restore.
Example contents of the backup.CHK file:
The server is dependent on this file, and writes to it every hour. Please do not edit.
File Last Modified: 11/07/2013
This file was generated by the servers' autobackup system.
--------------------------
time: 22:51
us: 453445
nk: 454567
A couple of ideas of what might be causing the problem:
Use of (.-) lazy matching which matches the shortest pattern possible -- this can include an empty string. Usually, you want to make the pattern as specific as possible while still matching the required possible inputs. eg. It looks like (%d+) for us and nk is an appropriate fit.
The for line in source:lines() do reads one line at a time. That necessarily means not all the variables are going to be set inside the loop. Yet everything starting at local params and down uses those variables as if they were. It seems to me that section of code shouldn't even be in the loop.
Lastly, have you considered saving the Backup file as just another lua file? Doing so means you can let lua do the heavy lifting for you and you won't have to bother parsing it yourself. That also minimizes the risk for error.
I am having some serious trouble getting a Python 2 based C++ engine to work in Python3. I know the whole IO stack has changed, but everything I seem to try just ends up in failure. Below is the pre-code (Python2) and post code (Python3). I am hoping someone can help me figure out what I'm doing wrong.I am also using boost::python to control the references.
The program is supposed to load a Python Object into memory via a map and then upon using the run function it then finds the file loaded in memory and runs it. I based my code off an example from the delta3d python manager, where they load in a file and run it immediately. I have not seen anything equivalent in Python3.
Python2 Code Begins here:
// what this does is first calls the Python C-API to load the file, then pass the returned
// PyObject* into handle, which takes reference and sets it as a boost::python::object.
// this takes care of all future referencing and dereferencing.
try{
bp::object file_object(bp::handle<>(PyFile_FromString(fullPath(filename), "r" )));
loaded_files_.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(fullPath(filename)), file_object));
}
catch(...)
{
getExceptionFromPy();
}
Next I load the file from the std::map and attempt to execute it:
bp::object loaded_file = getLoadedFile(filename);
try
{
PyRun_SimpleFile( PyFile_AsFile( loaded_file.ptr()), fullPath(filename) );
}
catch(...)
{
getExceptionFromPy();
}
Python3 Code Begins here: This is what I have so far based off some suggestions here... SO Question
Load:
PyObject *ioMod, *opened_file, *fd_obj;
ioMod = PyImport_ImportModule("io");
opened_file = PyObject_CallMethod(ioMod, "open", "ss", fullPath(filename), "r");
bp::handle<> h_open(opened_file);
bp::object file_obj(h_open);
loaded_files_.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(fullPath(filename)), file_obj));
Run:
bp::object loaded_file = getLoadedFile(filename);
int fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(loaded_file.ptr());
PyObject* fileObj = PyFile_FromFd(fd,fullPath(filename),"r",-1,"", "\n","", 0);
FILE* f_open = _fdopen(fd,"r");
PyRun_SimpleFile( f_open, fullPath(filename) );
Lastly, the general state of the program at this point is the file gets loaded in as TextIOWrapper and in the Run: section the fd that is returned is always 3 and for some reason _fdopen can never open the FILE which means I can't do something like PyRun_SimpleFile. The error itself is a debug ASSERTION on _fdopen. Is there a better way to do all this I really appreciate any help.
If you want to see the full program of the Python2 version it's on Github
So this question was pretty hard to understand and I'm sorry, but I found out my old code wasn't quite working as I expected. Here's what I wanted the code to do. Load the python file into memory, store it into a map and then at a later date execute that code in memory. I accomplished this a bit differently than I expected, but it makes a lot of sense now.
Open the file using ifstream, see the code below
Convert the char into a boost::python::str
Execute the boost::python::str with boost::python::exec
Profit ???
Step 1)
vector<char> input;
ifstream file(fullPath(filename), ios::in);
if (!file.is_open())
{
// set our error message here
setCantFindFileError();
input.push_back('\0');
return input;
}
file >> std::noskipws;
copy(istream_iterator<char>(file), istream_iterator<char>(), back_inserter(input));
input.push_back('\n');
input.push_back('\0');
Step 2)
bp::str file_str(string(&input[0]));
loaded_files_.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(fullPath(filename)), file_str));
Step 3)
bp::str loaded_file = getLoadedFile(filename);
// Retrieve the main module
bp::object main = bp::import("__main__");
// Retrieve the main module's namespace
bp::object global(main.attr("__dict__"));
bp::exec(loaded_file, global, global);
Full Code is located on github: