Create 50 files whose names are from 1 to 50.
Create five folders (0, 10, 20, 30, 40).
Copy those 50 files into folders based on their name (for example, file 21 will go to folder 20).
I have created those files and folders, but have no idea how to move a specific file to specific folder. I tried writing
cp {1..9} /home/user/folder
but that's not acceptable. Is it possible to do using if and elif?
cp {1..9} /home/user/folder
That will work, except you should specify the right folder to copy to. Perhaps you meant one of these?
cp {1..9} /home/user/folder/0
cp {1..9} 0
Another way is to use wildcards. * matches any string and ? matches any one character. 2? will match the file names 20 through 29, for instance.
When you don't mind using a for loop instead of if and else you could use code like this:
#1
touch file{1..50}
#2
mkdir dir{0..40..10}
#3
for i in {1..4}; do
cp file${i}* dir${i}
done
cp file* dir0 # note that this will copy file50 into dir0
Related
I am trying to copy files over from an old file structure where data are stored in folders with improper names to a new (better) structure, but as there are 671 participants I need to copy, I want to use regex in order to streamline it (each participant has files saved in the same format). However, I keep getting a cp: cannot stat error message saying that no file/directory exists. I had assumed this meant that I had missed a / or put "" in the wrong location but I cannot see anything in the code that would suggest it.
My code is as follows (which I add a lot of comments so other collaborators can understand):
#!/bin/bash
# This code below copies the initial .nii file.
# These data are copied into my Trial Participant folders.
# Create a variable called parent_folder1 that describes initial mask directory e.g. folders for each participant which contains the files.
parent_folder1="/this/path/here/contains/Trial_Participants"
# The original folders are named according to ClinicalID_scandate_randomdigits e.g. folder 1234567890_20000101_987654.
# The destination folders are named according to TrialIDNumber e.g. LBC100001.
# The .nii files are saved under TrialIDNumber_1_ICV.nii.gz e.g. LBC1000001_1_ICV.nii.gz.
# These files need copied over from their directories into the Trial Participant folders, using the for loop function.
# The * symbol is used as a wildcard.
for i in $(ls -1d "${parent_folder1}"/*_20*); do
lbc=$(ls ${i}/finalMasks/*ICV* | sed 's/^.*\///'); lbc=${lbc:0:9}
cp "${parent_folder1}/${i}"/finalMasks/*_1_ICV.nii.gz /this/path/is/the/destination/path/${lbc}/
done
# This code uses regular expression to find the initial ICV file.
# ls asks for a list, -1 makes each new folder on a new line, d is for directory.
# *_20* refers to the name of the folders. The * covers the ClinicalID, _20* refers to the scan date and random digits.
# I have no idea what the | sed 's/^.*\///' does, but I think it strips the path.
# lbc=${lbc:0:9} is used to keep the ID numbers.
# cp copies the files that are named under TrialIDNumber(replaced by *)_1_ICV.nii.gz to the destination under the respective folder.
So after a bit of fooling around, I changed the code a lot (took out sed as it confuses me), and came up with this that worked. Thanks to those who commented!
# Create a variable called parent_folder1 that describes initial mask directory.
parent_folder1="/original/path/here"
# Iterate over directories in parent_folder1
for i in $(ls -1d "${parent_folder1}"/*_20*); do
# Extract the base name of the file in the finalMasks directory
lbc=$(basename $(ls "${i}"/finalMasks/*ICV*))
# Extract the LBC number from the file name
lbc=${lbc:0:9}
# Copy the file to the specific folder
cp "${i}"/finalMasks/${lbc}_1_ICV.nii.gz /destination/path/here/${lbc}/
done
I have a folder /home/user/Document/filepath where I have three files namely file1-1.1.0.txt, file2-1.1.1.txt, file3-1.1.2.txt
and another folder named /home/user/Document/backuppath where I have to move files from /home/user/Document/folderpath which has file1-1.0.0.txt, file2-1.0.1.txt and file3-1.0.2.txt
task is to copy the specific files from folder path to backup path.
To summarize:
the below is the files.txt where I listed the files which has to be copied:
file1-*.txt
file2-*.txt
The below is the move.sh script that execute the movements
for file in `cat files.txt`; do cp "/home/user/Document/folderpath/$file" "/home/user/Documents/backuppath/" ; done
for the above script I am getting the error like
cp: cannot stat '/home/user/Document/folderpath/file1-*.txt': No such file or directory found
cp: cannot stat '/home/user/Document/folderpath/file2-*.txt': No such file or directory found
what I would like to accomplish is that I would like to use the script to copy specific files using * in the place of version numbers., since the version number may vary in the future.
You have wildcard characters in your files.txt. In your cp command, you are using quotes. These quotes prevent the wildcards to be expanded, as you can clearly see from the error message.
One obvious possibility is to not use quotes:
cp /home/user/Document/folderpath/$file /home/user/Documents/backuppath/
Or not use a loop at all:
cp $(<files.txt) /home/user/Documents/backuppath/
However, this would of course break if one line in your files.txt is a filename pattern which contains white spaces. Therefore, I would recommend a second loop over the expanded pattern:
while read file # Puts the next line into 'file'
do
for f in $file # This expands the pattern in 'file'
do
cp "/home/user/Document/folderpath/$f" /home/user/Documents/backuppath
done
done < files.txt
I have a file in a directory that contains some lines, say 10. In that directory I have other sub-directories, say 100. What I want is: go to each sub-directory which ‘match’ with the sub-directory name exists in the file. So, basically I want a sort of ‘match string’ condition which will compare each line of the file and each sub-directories and then go to a specific sub-directory when there is a match.
The file looks like:
SCEL16_4_2_2_0_0_2
SCEL1_1_1_1_0_0_0
SCEL32_4_4_2_2_2_0
SCEL32_4_4_2_2_2_0
SCEL32_4_4_2_2_2_0
SCEL32_4_4_2_2_2_0
SCEL32_4_4_2_2_2_0
SCEL32_4_4_2_2_2_0
SCEL8_8_1_1_0_0_7
SCEL8_8_1_1_0_0_6
And the directory has around 100 or more sub-directories with similar namings. I need a way to go through only these 10 sub-directories mentioned in the file. I tried doing something like:
for i in */; do echo $i; done
which tells me all the sub-directories present in the current directory but I am not getting how do I impose the 'match' condition here within the above command. Is there any quick get around to solve this?
Lets, say file containing the list is "list_dirs"
Use similar to below logic
for dir in list_dirs; do
perm=$(ls -la $dir 2>/dev/null);
if [-n $perm ];
then
// here do whatever is need if it matches
else
// else part here
fi
Logic:
ls -la will check if the directory is present or not and as 2>/dev/null is there it will make the perm variable empty.
I need to rename hundreds of files in Linux to change the unique identifier of each from the command line. For sake of examples, I have a file containing:
old_name1 new_name1
old_name2 new_name2
and need to change the names from new to old IDs. The file names contain the IDs, but have extra characters as well. My plan is therefore to end up with:
abcd_old_name1_1234.txt ==> abcd_new_name1_1234.txt
abcd_old_name2_1234.txt ==> abcd_new_name2_1234.txt
Use of rename is obviously fairly helpful here, but I am struggling to work out how to iterate through the file of the desired name changes and pass this as input into rename?
Edit: To clarify, I am looking to make hundreds of different rename commands, the different changes that need to be made are listed in a text file.
Apologies if this is already answered, I've has a good hunt, but can't find a similar case.
rename 's/^(abcd_)old_name(\d+_1234\.txt)$/$1new_name$2/' *.txt
Should work, depending on whether you have that package installed. Also have a look at qmv (rename-utils)
If you want more options, use e.g.
shopt -s globstart
rename 's/^(abcd_)old_name(\d+_1234\.txt)$/$1new_name$2/' folder/**/*.txt
(finds all txt files in subdirectories of folder), or
find folder -type f -iname '*.txt' -exec rename 's/^(abcd_)old_name(\d+_1234\.txt)$/$1new_name$2/' {} \+
To do then same using GNU find
while read -r old_name new_name; do
rename "s/$old_name/$new_name/" *$old_name*.txt
done < file_with_names
In this way, you read the IDs from file_with_names and rename the files replacing $old_name with $new_name leaving the rest of the filename untouched.
I was about to write a php function to do this for myself, but I came upon a faster method:
ls and copy & paste the directory contents into excel from the terminal window. Perhaps you may need to use on online line break removal or addition tool. Assume that your file names are in column A In excel, use the following formula in another column:
="mv "&A1&" prefix"&A1&"suffix"
or
="mv "&A1&" "&substitute(A1,"jpeg","jpg")&"suffix"
or
="mv olddirectory/"&A1&" newdirectory/"&A1
back in Linux, create a new file with
nano rename.txt and paste in the values from excel. They should look something like this:
mv oldname1.jpg newname1.jpg
mv oldname1.jpg newname2.jpg
then close out of nano and run the following command:
bash rename.txt. Bash just runs every line in the file as if you had typed it.
and you are done! This method gives verbose output on errors, which is handy.
I working with linux, bash.
I have one directory with 100 folders in it, each one named different.
In each of these 100 folders, there is a file called first.bars (so I have 100 files named first.bars). Although all named first.bars, the files are actually slightly different.
I want to get all these files moved to one new folder and rename/number these files so that I know which file comes from which folder. So the first first.bars file must be renamed to 001.bars, the second to 002.bars.. etc.
I have tried the following:
ls -d * >> /home/directorywiththe100folders/list.txt
cat list.txt | while read line;
do cd $line;
mv first.bars /home/newfolder
This does not work because I can't have 100 files, named the same, in one folder. So I only need to know how to rename them. The renaming must be connected to the cat list.txt, because the first line is the folder containing the first file wich is moved and renamed. That file will be called 001.bars.
Try doing this :
$ rename 's/^.*?\./sprintf("%03d.", $c++)/e' *.bar
If you want more information about this command, see this recent response I gave earlier : How do I rename multiple files beginning with a Unix timestamp - imapsync issue
If the rename command is not available,
for d in /home/directorywiththe100folders/*/; do
newfile=$(printf "/home/newfolder/%d.bars" $(( c++ )) )
mv "$d/first.bars" "$newfile"
done