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Closed 6 years ago.
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I am a newbie to mount. From what I know, the root file / is automatically mounted to /dev/xvda1 or /dev/sda1. In some of the tutorials, people mount file like /dummy to /dev/xvdb1, I don't understand what the meaning of doing this. Because it's parent root file / has already mounted. Could someone explain this to me?
Thanks in advance.
To throw out a very non-exclusive list of possibilities:
Sometimes / doesn't have the capacity for what you intend to use it for, so you want to use a filesystem located on a different physical device for extra storage.
Sometimes you want to mount content from a filesystem that isn't capable of being used as root -- for instance, a FAT or NTFS filesystem, which doesn't properly support UNIX semantics.
Sometimes your other block device is removable, and you're mounting it only temporarily.
Sometimes your other block device is located on media that isn't available at boot time -- requiring iSCSI setup or other operations that prevent it from being used as root without initrd / initramfs facilities your operating system doesn't provide.
Sometimes you want to use a different filesystem with different semantics -- for instance, maybe your xvdb1 is a GFS shared-block filesystem that other machines also have mounted at the same time for combined storage.
Sometimes you have a read-only block device with bulk contents that can't change, and you're mounting it to multiple VMs, vs systems having their own local read-write storage.
The number of possibilities is nearly endless.
This isn't a software development question, and doesn't belong on StackOverflow.
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Closed 2 years ago.
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I am trying Linux UBUNTU on my windows system. I am knew in Linux UBUNTU.but I don't know that where I can find my files that were on windows 10.
In case you mean WSL Ubuntu:
Your Harddrives are mounted under /mnt/. I like to create a symbolic links to them in my home folder. The should be named like so:
/mnt/c # your C:\ drive
/mnt/s # your S:\ drive
...
In case you mean a Linux livesystem:
If you use a system with a graphical user interface, somewhere in your filemanager you should see the respective drive. Click on it and it should auto-mount. Afterwards you should be able to access your files just as you would expect via the filemanager.
In case you're in terminal mode (= you do not have any graphical user interface), things might get a little strange from a beginner's perspective. In this case I would recommend that you make yourself familiar with the rough structure of the linux filesystem and the commands mount, umount and sudo. Generaly said you will have to do the same thing your filemanager does for you. You mount the drive somewhere in the filesystem tree and then access the folder:
mount /dev/<drive> <directory> # mount your drive into the fs tree
cd <directory> # switch to that folder
ls # should display your drive's content
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I have a handful of servers and would like to configure them as close as possible to a standard HPC cluster, currently focusing on automated node provisioning. My requirements for this are:
All nodes are identical, so I'd like to use a pre-configured install I have set up on one of the nodes
I have created an image of this install, which I would like to use to boot all nodes (this is a copy of the filesystem on the configured node)
The software image should be installed on the local disk of each node (not mounted over NFS)
I've been playing around with PXE and managed load Ubuntu 14.04 on a slave node, with the software image provided through NFS.
Is it possible to tell PXE to copy the contents of the NFS-mounted directory to a local disk partition and then make it boot/run linux from there?
Is it possible to tell PXE to copy the contents of the NFS-mounted
directory to a local disk partition and then make it boot/run linux
from there?
PXE is just a mechanism for booting a system over the network. Since you have complete control over what you feed your systems via PXE, you can do pretty much anything you want.
Four your scenario, you would want to boot into some sort of minimal Linux environment that is able to:
Mount NFS filesystems
Copy files
Configure the bootloader locally
That's a pretty short shell script. Once it completes, you would reboot the system, which ideally would be configured to prefer booting from the local disk (so that once you have configured the local boot loader, the system will not attempt to PXE boot during subsequent boots).
You may want to take a look at the Clonzezilla project, which does some of what you want.
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Closed 8 years ago.
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Why initramfs is needed in OS, why we can not mount the root filesystem without this file?
Why we can not mount root fileststem directly, but we need some intermediator (intramfs)?
And how to mount file system from kernel level (kernel side)?
To answer your question, you need to understand, boot process, & how the operating system determines and understands the root fs (which stores the config,bins,data,etc for the rest of the services that come up, when the system is up), the drivers required for talking to the hardware (ex: the storage device or hard disk). Therefore you need to bundle up at least the basic required modules (like file-system and device drivers etc) in your initramfs, to bring up the system and mount the root fs. This is also a duplicate of Is it possible to boot the Linux kernel without creating an initrd image?
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Closed 8 years ago.
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I just want to know how these protocols and file systems are related with each other, where each one is used.
FTP vs SFTP vs HDFS vs NTFS vs EXT2, EXT3
any help would be appreciated.
Thanks.
FTP is an old File Transfer Protocol, similar to HTTP but specialized for moving large files.
sftp is a totally different protocol. It is tunneled over ssh and is therefore encrypted.
HDFS is the Hadoop distributed filesystem. It is designed to hold many petabytes of data in a single filesystem image.
NTFS, ext2, and ext3 are operating system specific disk filesystems. NTFS is the primary filesystem on most Windows computers. ext2 used to be the de-facto Linux filesystem and has since been replaced by ext3 and now ext4. All of the ext filesystems are related and you can upgrade from ext2 -> ext3 -> ext4 in place.
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I created a fuse mountpoint. After mounting, the file permissions are all screwed up and it says I cannot ls or cd. Permission denied.
The file permissions look like this:
d????????? ? ? ? ? ? temp
and when i list the mounted devices I get:
/dev/fuse on /temp type fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev)
I used mono-fuse. I just created a new folder with permissions 777 and then did a mount. After unmounting I can do all operations, but when I mount, I get such error.
I used
HelloFS.exe that comes along with mono fuse for testing.
Can someone shed some light on this weird behavior and what mistake i have done.
I expect there is an incompatiblity with the userspace fuse library you're using and the kernel fuse version. This results in the kernel not understanding responses and it returning and EIO for everything (including the stat calls that "ls" does).
You should try increasing the debug level. As it's a Mono / CLR application, ensure that the libraries are of an appropriate version for your kernel; you may not need to recompile it.
You should also note that when you mount a directory, the mount-point's original permissions are ignore (and hence need not be 0777) ; the root directory of the new filesystem takes its place.
(You should probably not mount such a filesystem in /temp either; it is an example not for temp files)