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Closed 8 years ago.
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Why initramfs is needed in OS, why we can not mount the root filesystem without this file?
Why we can not mount root fileststem directly, but we need some intermediator (intramfs)?
And how to mount file system from kernel level (kernel side)?
To answer your question, you need to understand, boot process, & how the operating system determines and understands the root fs (which stores the config,bins,data,etc for the rest of the services that come up, when the system is up), the drivers required for talking to the hardware (ex: the storage device or hard disk). Therefore you need to bundle up at least the basic required modules (like file-system and device drivers etc) in your initramfs, to bring up the system and mount the root fs. This is also a duplicate of Is it possible to boot the Linux kernel without creating an initrd image?
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Closed 2 years ago.
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I am trying Linux UBUNTU on my windows system. I am knew in Linux UBUNTU.but I don't know that where I can find my files that were on windows 10.
In case you mean WSL Ubuntu:
Your Harddrives are mounted under /mnt/. I like to create a symbolic links to them in my home folder. The should be named like so:
/mnt/c # your C:\ drive
/mnt/s # your S:\ drive
...
In case you mean a Linux livesystem:
If you use a system with a graphical user interface, somewhere in your filemanager you should see the respective drive. Click on it and it should auto-mount. Afterwards you should be able to access your files just as you would expect via the filemanager.
In case you're in terminal mode (= you do not have any graphical user interface), things might get a little strange from a beginner's perspective. In this case I would recommend that you make yourself familiar with the rough structure of the linux filesystem and the commands mount, umount and sudo. Generaly said you will have to do the same thing your filemanager does for you. You mount the drive somewhere in the filesystem tree and then access the folder:
mount /dev/<drive> <directory> # mount your drive into the fs tree
cd <directory> # switch to that folder
ls # should display your drive's content
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Closed 3 years ago.
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I am in the middle of upgrading my Linux server. The last step will require me to add the existing disk to the new server. So the existing disk will have a /root /home, etc. Will this screw Linux up? I will make sure to boot from the correct disk. Will I be able to mount the "old" drive under a different path?
Just to be clear, there is a new disk with /root, /home, etc. I just need to get the files off of the old disk.
If you mounted your disk to a directory which already contains data this data will be hidden until removing the mount.
So to keep your data safe you can create a new directory and mount the disk to it.
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Closed 5 years ago.
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In linux(and in windows) we can set read/write/execute permissions for files and folders.
But does these permissions work only on OS level(means that only linux guarantee this)?
If i will connect to HDD or SSD without OS, will these permissions work?
If i will connect to HDD or SSD without OS, will these permissions work?
No. The permissions are enforced by Linux. If there is no Linux, there is noone to enforce those permissions.
You don't even have to go through the hassle of trying to scrape the data off the device without using an OS. You can just boot your own Linux where you know the superuser password, and use your superuser privileges to access the files.
This works the same way in Windows.
Or any other environment, really. Java has private access, but if you are able to circumvent the Java compiler, e.g. by getting access to its output rather than just its input, then you can circumvent that, too.
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Closed 6 years ago.
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I am a newbie to mount. From what I know, the root file / is automatically mounted to /dev/xvda1 or /dev/sda1. In some of the tutorials, people mount file like /dummy to /dev/xvdb1, I don't understand what the meaning of doing this. Because it's parent root file / has already mounted. Could someone explain this to me?
Thanks in advance.
To throw out a very non-exclusive list of possibilities:
Sometimes / doesn't have the capacity for what you intend to use it for, so you want to use a filesystem located on a different physical device for extra storage.
Sometimes you want to mount content from a filesystem that isn't capable of being used as root -- for instance, a FAT or NTFS filesystem, which doesn't properly support UNIX semantics.
Sometimes your other block device is removable, and you're mounting it only temporarily.
Sometimes your other block device is located on media that isn't available at boot time -- requiring iSCSI setup or other operations that prevent it from being used as root without initrd / initramfs facilities your operating system doesn't provide.
Sometimes you want to use a different filesystem with different semantics -- for instance, maybe your xvdb1 is a GFS shared-block filesystem that other machines also have mounted at the same time for combined storage.
Sometimes you have a read-only block device with bulk contents that can't change, and you're mounting it to multiple VMs, vs systems having their own local read-write storage.
The number of possibilities is nearly endless.
This isn't a software development question, and doesn't belong on StackOverflow.
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Closed 8 months ago.
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Is it possible to partition a USB stick / HDD so i can choose between multiple boot images? For example i have boot images for
Debian 7.4.0
Ubuntu
Windows
Custom Linux boot images
And it would be easier to work with a USB stick / HDD with multiple boot images files i can choose from instead of having multiple USB sticks one for each boot image.
Yes, it is possible. There is a piece of software called Ventoy that lets you do just that. You can get it here: https://www.ventoy.net/en/index.html