in the picture below you can see that it says chmod command is not found yet it has chmod installed. I am installing metasploit directly from the terminal(I did not install any desktop environment and don't want to run msf from there). Is there any way to solve this? I would gladly appreciate any replies.
Instead of using that command, use this instead
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-omnibus/master/config/templates/metasploit-framework-wrappers/msfupdate.erb > msfinstall && chmod 755 msfinstall && ./msfinstall
Remove the backslashes from the composite Bash command, they're used in Linux to escape the space character. For example, ỳou would have to type:
cd ~/Documents/My\ Folder
to access
~/Documents/My Folder
By writing the command the way you did you were looking for the ' chmod' command instead of 'chmod', you've basically inserted a space before the command name.
I'd suggest studying Linux Bash scripting before venturing into Metasploit.
You would otherwise continually stumble against this kind of issues, also if you'd like to work with Metasploit from its command console it's pretty much mandatory to study Linux Bash scripting (and the Linux OS as a whole).
Related
So I am not experienced in dealing with a plethora of file types, and I haven't been able to find much info on exactly what .sh files are. Here's what I'm trying to do:
I'm trying to download map data sets which are arranged in tiles that can be downloaded individually: http://daymet.ornl.gov/gridded
In order to download a range of tiles at once, they say to download their script, which eventually leads to daymet-nc-retrieval.sh: https://github.com/daymet/scripts/blob/master/Bash/daymet-nc-retrieval.sh
So, what exactly am I supposed to do with this code? The website doesn't provide further instructions, assuming users know what to do with it. I'm guessing you're supposed to paste the code in to some other unmentioned application for a browser (using Chrome or Firefox in this case)? It almost looks like something that could be pasted in to Firefox/Greasemonkey, but not quite. Just by a quick Google on the file type I haven't been able to get heads or tails on it.
I'm sure there's a simple explanation on what to do with these files out there, but it seems to be buried in plenty of posts where people are already assuming you know what to do with these files. Anyone willing to just simply say what needs to be done from square one after getting to the page with the code to actually implementing it? Thanks.
What is a file with extension .sh?
It is a Bourne shell script. They are used in many variations of UNIX-like operating systems. They have no "language" and are interpreted by your shell (interpreter of terminal commands) or if the first line is in the form
#!/path/to/interpreter
they will use that particular interpreter. Your file has the first line:
#!/bin/bash
and that means that it uses Bourne Again Shell, so called bash. It is for all practical purposes a replacement for good old sh.
Depending upon the interpreter you will have different languages in which the file is written.
Keep in mind, that in UNIX world, it is not the extension of the file that determines what the file is (see "How to execute a shell script" below).
If you come from the world of DOS/Windows, you will be familiar with files that have .bat or .cmd extensions (batch files). They are not similar in content, but are akin in design.
How to execute a shell script
Unlike some unsafe operating systems, *nix does not rely exclusively on extensions to determine what to do with a file. Permissions are also used. This means that if you attempt to run the shell script after downloading it, it will be the same as trying to "run" any text file. The ".sh" extension is there only for your convenience to recognize that file.
You will need to make the file executable. Let's assume that you have downloaded your file as file.sh, you can then run in your terminal:
chmod +x file.sh
chmod is a command for changing file's permissions, +x sets execute permissions (in this case for everybody) and finally you have your file name.
You can also do it in your GUI. Most of the time you can right click on the file and select properties; in XUbuntu the permissions options look like this:
If you do not wish to change the permissions, you can also force the shell to run the command. In the terminal you can run:
bash file.sh
The shell should be the same as in the first line of your script.
How safe is it?
You may find it weird that you must perform another task manually in order to execute a file. But this is partially because of a strong need for security.
Basically when you download and run a bash script, it is the same thing as somebody telling you "run all these commands in sequence on your computer, I promise that the results will be good and safe". Ask yourself if you trust the party that has supplied this file, ask yourself if you are sure that you have downloaded the file from the same place as you thought, maybe even have a glance inside to see if something looks out of place (although that requires that you know something about *nix commands and bash programming).
Unfortunately apart from the warning above I cannot give a step-by-step description of what you should do to prevent evil things from happening with your computer; so just keep in mind that any time you get and run an executable file from someone you're actually saying, "Sure, you can use my computer to do something".
If you open your second link in a browser you'll see the source code:
#!/bin/bash
# Script to download individual .nc files from the ORNL
# Daymet server at: http://daymet.ornl.gov
[...]
# For ranges use {start..end}
# for individul vaules, use: 1 2 3 4
for year in {2002..2003}
do
for tile in {1159..1160}
do wget --limit-rate=3m http://daymet.ornl.gov/thredds/fileServer/allcf/${year}/${tile}_${year}/vp.nc -O ${tile}_${year}_vp.nc
# An example using curl instead of wget
#do curl --limit-rate 3M -o ${tile}_${year}_vp.nc http://daymet.ornl.gov/thredds/fileServer/allcf/${year}/${tile}_${year}/vp.nc
done
done
So it's a bash script. Got Linux?
In any case, the script is nothing but a series of HTTP retrievals. Both wget and curl are available for most operating systems and almost all language have HTTP libraries so it's fairly trivial to rewrite in any other technology. There're also some Windows ports of bash itself (git includes one). Last but not least, Windows 10 now has native support for Linux binaries.
sh files are unix (linux) shell executables files, they are the equivalent (but much more powerful) of bat files on windows.
So you need to run it from a linux console, just typing its name the same you do with bat files on windows.
Typically a .sh file is a shell script which you can execute in a terminal. Specifically, the script you mentioned is a bash script, which you can see if you open the file and look in the first line of the file, which is called the shebang or magic line.
I know this is an old question and I probably won't help, but many Linux distributions(e.g., ubuntu) have a "Live cd/usb" function, so if you really need to run this script, you could try booting your computer into Linux. Just burn a .iso to a flash drive (here's how http://goo.gl/U1wLYA), start your computer with the drive plugged in, and press the F key for boot menu. If you choose "...USB...", you will boot into the OS you just put on the drive.
How do I run .sh scripts?
Give execute permission to your script:
chmod +x /path/to/yourscript.sh
And to run your script:
/path/to/yourscript.sh
Since . refers to the current directory: if yourscript.sh is in the current directory, you can simplify this to:
./yourscript.sh
or with GUI
https://askubuntu.com/questions/38661/how-do-i-run-sh-scripts/38666#38666
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/run-execute-sh-shell-script/
open the location in terminal then type these commands
1. chmod +x filename.sh
2. ./filename.sh
that's it
I have a file include some linux command and I want to run in on windows (DOS command).
The command is:
cat tmp/$id/index.html | sed -e 's/ID/$id/g' > a;mv a tmp/$id/index.html
What is the similar command in MS-DOS?
Thank you!
The problem is that natively there is no equivalent command to sed. You have two options from my point of view. Either create a vb script that does what you want (It will not take 1 line though - more like 10-15 I guess), or use something like GnuWin32 that gives you the option to run unix commands in windows terminal.
You could consider using powershell to do approximately the same thing. It supports cat and mv and you can get a sed like equivalent by using %{_ -replace "expression", "replace"}. Details here http://blogs.msdn.com/b/zainnab/archive/2007/07/09/grep-and-sed-with-powershell.aspx
Or consider using a linux like command prompt like bash which should be available through cygwin
I think this is impossible to do in "bare" command line (as you called DOS command), because cat and sed are separate utilities. If you want to port this script from Linux command shell to windows command line, I would advise you to download and install CygWin
DOS itself does not have support for that. You could try with a port of SED for DOS available here. If you can get Powershell, that's an option. Here's an example of using grep/sed with Powershell.
There are many options.
You can try to install cygwin or download and install Git and use Git-bash or add the bin directory to your PATH so you can run this command on your CMD prompt.
There is no such command(s) for MS-DOS.
After logging by PuTTY to Netgem n5200 device I have open in terminal kind of shell with about 40 commends, but no information about way how to close it and work directly on Linux.
Device has for 99% installed HardHat Linux distribution (MontaVista Linux).
From level of mentioned shell I can use some simple linux command like "! pwd", "! ls -l", "! ps".
Maybe it would be useful that I'm in tmp dir and I can not leave it at this moment.
I've already study Netgem SDK looking for information and I found nothing, the same result after searching in google, so that's why I came looking for help here.
Probably you can try to start the shell using
!sh
or
!bash
command.
If not, could you please provide the list of available commands (such as pwd, ls), may be some of them could be used to get a shell (e.g. vi).
While writing BASH scripts, I generally use the which command of a Linux machine (where Linux Machine refers to Desktop based Linux OS like Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE) for finding path or availability of other binaries. I understand that which can search for binaries (commands) which are present in the PATH variable set.
Now, I am unable to understand how to proceed in case the which command itself is not present on that machine.
My intention is to create a shell script (BASH) which can be run on a machine and in case the environment is not adequate (like some command being used in script is missing), it should be able to exit gracefully.
Does any one has any suggestions in this regard. I understand there can be ways like using locate or find etc - but again, what if even they are not available. Another option which I already know is that I look for existence of a which binary on standard path like /usr/bin/ or /bin/ or /usr/local/bin/. Is there any other possibility as well?
Thanks in advance.
type which
type is a bash built-in command, so it's always available in bash. See man bash for details on it.
Note, that this will also recognize aliases:
$ alias la='ls -l -a'
$ type la
la is aliased to 'ls -l -a'
(More of a comment because Boldewyn answered perfectly, but it is another take on the question that may be of interest to some.)
If you are worried that someone may have messed with your bash installation and somehow removed which, then I suppose in theory, when you actually invoked the command you would get an exit code of 127.
Consider
$ sdgsdg
-bash: sdgsdg: command not found
$ echo $?
127
Exit codes in bash: http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html
Of course, if someone removed which, then I wouldn't trust the exit codes, either.
I decided to learn C++ (I program in C at work), and I have been reading some tutorials (and lots of posts here on Stack Overflow). OK, so I typed in the standard C++ "hello word", compiled with GCC on my Ubuntu machine as "test".
Then I tried to run it by typing "test" and hitting enter. Nothing. It turns out I must run it with "./test". OK, fine, I'll do that from now on. But why? The "./" just says that what I should run is in the current directory... Is the current directory not always part of the PATH when the OS is searching for something to run? Can I make it so?
Yes, the current directory is not part of your PATH. You don't want it to be, because then you could be in a directory that had a malicious program you didn't know about that you run.
What if you were used to running /usr/bin/grep, but you happened to be in a directory that a Bad Person put a malicious copy of grep in, and this time you run grep, and you're running grep out of the current directory, rather than /usr/bin/grep.
You certainly can add ./ to your PATH in your ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile, but I don't recommend it.
And if it makes you feel any better, I had the same frustration 15 years ago when I started using Unix-like systems.
You can add "." to your PATH, but that won't help you in this case - "test" is a shell built in.
Unfortunately, there is a Unix command called "test"...
If there's a command line script you regularly run, you could set up a command line alias to rid yourself of the need to type ./ each time.
Even if the current directory is at the very beginning of the $PATH, 'test' still won't run it on (most?) shells, as 'test' is a shell built-in command.
Not having '.' (the current directory) in the PATH is a minor security measure. You could always add it in if you'd like, though it's not a best practice.
In case it's not clear, this is an aspect where Windows differs from Unix/Linux. On Windows, the current directory is implicitly in the path.