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How do I rename all folders and files to lowercase on Linux?
(30 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
Including the extension. Eg file.txt --> FILE.TXT
If anyone could point me in the general direction then I'd be grateful :)
And here is just some random text because the character count was too low for Stackoverflow...
An initial solution would be:
rename 'y/a-z/A-Z/' *
It takes every file/directory in current directory, and changes every character in the range a-z by its corresponding uppercase version.
The problem with rename is there is no option to go inside directories to apply the renaming recursively, and * character is expanded to names of current directory (files and directories). Even more, this command will rename directories also, but you only want to rename files.
To do it recursively, but over files only, you can use find, which search recursively, and pass each file to rename:
find . -type f -execdir rename 'y/a-z/A-Z/' {} \;
This command searches only files, and executes rename over each file inside the directory (execdir option) where that file has been found. That's important because otherwise find will pass the complete path of the file (eg: ./fold1/fold2/file.txt') to rename, which in turns will try to pass to uppercase the complete path: (./FOLD1/FOLD2/FILE.TXT) which will cause an error because folders FOLD1 and FOLD2 don't exist.
Using bash, this is easy:
for f in *; do mv "$f" "${f^^}"; done
The expansion ${f^^} converts the name of the file to uppercase.
In another shell, using tr:
for f in *; do mv "$f" "$(echo "$f" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')"; done
I would suggest something like that:
ls|sed 's/\(.*\)/mv "\1" "\U\1"/' | sh
I like to use sed this way, because it is easy to inspect the output before piping it into sh (removing |sh in a first step)
Using perl
perl -e 'for (glob "*.txt" ){ rename $_,uc($_)}'
glob "*" creates a list of all the .txt files in the current directory.
rename replaces each value with a uc (uppercase) value.
Related
I am trying to get all the filenames of a specific folder in a text file and I want only the names, not the relative path. I tried:
ls -1 a/b/c>filenames.txt
and its output is
file-2021-08-18.txt
file2-2021-08-18.js
file3-2021-08-18.json
file4-2021-08-19.json
which is what I want but only a specific day's file.
But when I do this:
ls -1 a/b/c/*2021-08-18*>filenames.txt
then the output is
a/b/c/file-2021-08-18.txt
a/b/c/file2-2021-08-18.js
a/b/c/file3-2021-08-18.json
I want only the filenames not the path of the files.
So, required output:
file-2021-08-18.txt
file2-2021-08-18.js
file3-2021-08-18.json
Is there any straightforward solution for this? OR I need to trim the output.
Thanks!!
When the argument to ls is a directory, it lists the filenames in the directory.
But when you use a wildcard, the shell expands the wildcard to all the filenames. So ls doesn't receive the directory as its argument, it receives all the filenames, and it lists them as given.
You can change to the directory and then list the matching files in the current directory:
(cd /a/b/c; ls *2021-08-18*) > filenames.txt
The parentheses make this run in a subshell, so the working directory of the original shell is unaffected.
With GNU find you may use the -printf option:
find a/b/c/ -type f -name "*2021-08-18*" -printf "%f\n" > filenames.txt
The directive %f picks out the file's name with any leading directories removed. Since -printf doesn't add a newline (\n) after the filename, we add one in order to match the required output.
experts, i have many folders and inside the folder there are many sub-folders and the sub-folders contain many files.However, in all the sub-folders one file name is same that is input.ps.Now i want to rename the same input.ps with full path plus file name
so input.ps in all directories should be renamed to home_wuan_data_filess_input.ps
i tried
#!/bin/sh
for file in /home/wuan/data/filess/*.ps
do
mv $file $file_
done
But it does not do the same as i expect,i hope experts will help me.Thanks in advance.
so input.ps in all directories should be renamed to home_wuan_data_filess_input.ps
You may use this find solution:
find /home/wuan/data/filess -type f -name 'input*.ps' -exec bash -c '
for f; do fn="${f#/}"; echo mv "$f" "${fn//\//_}"; done' _ {} +
while read line;
do
fil=${line//\//_}; # Converts all / characters to _ to form the file name
fil=${fil:1}; # Remove the first -
dir=${line%/*}; # Extract the directory
echo "mv $line $dir/$fil"; # Echo the move command
# mv "$line" "$dir/$fil"; # Remove the comment to perform the actual command
done <<< "$(find /path/to/dir -name "input.ps")"
Ok, so file will end up being
/home/wuan/data/filess/input.ps
What we need here is the path, and the full, snake-cased name. Let's start by getting the path:
for f in /home/wuan/data/filess/*.ps; do
path="${f%*/}";
This will match the substring of f up until the last occurrence of /, effectively giving us the path.
Next, we want to snake_case all the things, which is even easier:
for f in /home/wuan/data/filess/*.ps; do
path="${f%*/}";
newname="${f//\//_}"
This replaces all instances of / with _, giving the name you want the new file to have. Now let's put all of this together, and move the file f to path/newname:
for f in /home/wuan/data/filess/*.ps; do
path="${f%*/}";
newname="${f//\//_}"
mv "${f}" "${path}/${newname}"
done
That should do the trick
Here's one of many sites listing some of the bash string manipulations you can use.
Sorry for the delayed update, the power in my building just cut out :)
Im putting together a simple Shell script to run on a Linux Machine where I would:
1) Look for specific sub-directories within a main directory. These sub-dirs have a very specific naming convention (see below) and they are always 2 -max depth below the main directory.
2) Rename those sub-dirs to PART of its original name.
For example,
The sub directories are named:
andrew-11111
andrew-11112
andrew-11113
andrew-11114
The path to get to these sub dirs would look something like this:
myphotos/sailing/photos/andrew-1111
myphotos/sailing/photos/andrew-1112
myphotos/biking/photos/andrew-1113
myphotos/hiking/photos/andrew-1114
Id like take out the 'andrew-' from each of these sub dirs:
myphotos/sailing/photos/1111
myphotos/sailing/photos/1112
myphotos/biking/photos/1113
myphotos/hiking/photos/1114
Ive gotten as far as "finding" the sub dirs and listing them. I also understand how to copy and rename in command line. But putting it together at my level of shell scripting knowledge has been taking much more time than I can afford. Just a disclaimer, I am more than willing to learn, and have written a handful of shell scripts, but still new to this. Any help or examples are much appreciated!
Use wildcards to match the files in the nested directories
You can use bash parameter expansion operators to manipulate the filenames.
for file in myphotos/*/photos/*; do
name=${file##*/} # remove everything up to last /
dir=${file%/*} # remove everything from last /
newname=${name##*-} # remove everything up to last -
mv "$file" "$dir/$newname"
done
If you have the perl-based rename command, you can do:
rename 's#[^/]*-##' myphotos/*/photos/*
You can do it with this one-liner:
find -type d -name andrew\* -exec sh -c 'mv {} $(dirname {})/$(basename {} | cut -d"-" -f2)' \;
Explanation:
-type d find only directories
-name andrew\* self-explaining, you have to escape the * though
-exec sh -c '...' execute it in a subshell, so you can do the command substitution ($(...)) without problems
mv {} the {} holds whatever find finds
dirname gives you the path to a directory (try it out with a random path, my english is too bad now to explain better)
basename gives you the last directory of a given path
cut -d"-" -f2 use cut to cut off "andrew-". For this set the delimiter to - and select the field number 2
I'm trying to learn bash on Linux, just for fun. I thought it would be pretty useful to have a .sh that would group together similar files. For example, let's say we have the directory
/home/docs/
Inside the directory we have /mathdocs/, /codingdocs/, etc.
Inside those sub-directories we have doc.txt, in all of them. Same name for all the files on the subdirectories.
Let's say I want to group them together, and I want to move all the files to /home/allthedocs/ and rename them after the directories they were in. (mathdocs.txt, codingdocs.txt, etc.)
How could I do that?
I've tried to create a script based on the ls and cp commmands, but I don't know how I can take the name of the directories to rename the files in it after I moved them. I guess it has to be some sort of iterative sentence (for X on Y directories) but I don't know how to do it.
You can move and rename your file in one shot with mv, with a loop that grabs all your files through a glob:
#!/bin/bash
dest_dir=/home/allthedocs
cd /home/docs
for file in */doc.txt; do
[[ -f "$file" ]] || continue # skip if not a regular file
dir="${file%/*}" # get the dir name from path
mv "$file" "$dest_dir/$dir.txt"
done
See this post for more info:
Copying files from multiple directories into a single destination directory
Here is a one liner solution that treats whitespaces in filenames, just as #codeforester 's solution does with the glob.
Note that white spaces are treated with the "-print0" option passed to "find", the internal field separator (IFS) in while loop and the wrapping of file3 variable with quotes.
The parameter substitution from file2 into file3 gets rid of the leading "./".
The parameter substition inside the move command turns the path into a filename (run under /home/docs/):
find . -maxdepth 2 -mindepth 2 -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file; \
do file2=$(printf '%s\n' "$file"); file3=${file2#*\/*}; \
mv "$file2" ../allsil/"${file3//\//}"; done
I need to traverse a directory so starting in one directory and going deeper into difference sub directories. However I also need to be able to have access to each individual file to modify the file. Is there already a command to do this or will I have to write a script? Could someone provide some code to help me with this task? Thanks.
The find command is just the tool for that. Its -exec flag or -print0 in combination with xargs -0 allows fine-grained control over what to do with each file.
Example: Replace all foo's by bar's in all files in /tmp and subdirectories.
find /tmp -type f -exec sed -i -e 's/foo/bar/' '{}' ';'
for i in `find` ; do
if [ -d $i ] ; then do something with a directory ; fi
if [ -f $i ] ; then do something with a file etc. ; fi
done
This will return the whole tree (recursively) in the current directory in a list that the loop will go through.
This can be easily achieved by mixing find, xargs, sed (or other file modification command).
For example:
$ find /path/to/base/dir -type f -name '*.properties' | xargs sed -ie '/^#/d'
This will filter all files with file extension .properties.
The xargs command will feed the file path generated by find command into the sed command.
The sed command will delete all lines start with # in the files (feed by xargs).
Command combination in this way is very flexible.
For example, find command have different parameters so you can filter by user name, file size, file path (eg: under /test/ subfolder), file modification time.
Another dimension of flexibility is how and what to change in your file. For ex, sed command allows you to make changes on file in applying substitution (specify via regular expressions). Similarly, you can use gzip to compress the file. And so on ...
You would usually use the find command. On Linux, you have the GNU version, of course. It has many extra (and useful) options. Both will allow you to execute a command (eg a shell script) on the files as they are found.
The exact details of how to make changes to the file depend on the change you want to make to the file. That is probably best scripted, with find running the script:
POSIX or GNU:
find . -type f -exec your_script '{}' +
This will run your script once for a group of files with those names provided as arguments. If you want to do it one file at a time, replace the + with ';' (or \;).
I am assuming SearchMe is the example directory name you need to traverse completely.
I am also assuming, since it was not specified, the files you want to modify are all text file. Is this correct?
In such scenario I would suggest using the command:
find SearchMe -type f -exec vi {} \;
If you are not familiar with vi editor, just use another one (nano, emacs, kate, kwrite, gedit, etc.) and it should work as well.
Bash 4+
shopt -s globstar
for file in **
do
if [ -f "$file" ];then
# do some processing to your file here
# where the find command can't do conveniently
fi
done