Does anyone know how to (using SimpleNLG) create a proper "two part" sentence like so (I'm not a linguist so I'm not exactly sure what syntactic categories each word/phrase:
"I bought a new widget engine, which created product A, product B, and product C."
The text in bold will be inserted dynamically at runtime by a syntactic parser or something else. I went through the SimpleNLG tutorial (there doesn't seem to be anything else that's more in-depth) and subsequently tried to attach a PPPhraseSpec object (representing the second part of the sentence above) to a SPhraseSpec (which has a nounphrase and verbphrase), but the result is incomprehensible and is grammatically incorrect.
Here is a solution for your problem: the first part in bold is a grammatical object (a noun phrase) and the second part in bold is an object to the verb "create" (coordinate clause).
import simplenlg.realiser.english.Realiser;
import simplenlg.lexicon.Lexicon;
import simplenlg.phrasespec.*;
import simplenlg.framework.*;
import simplenlg.features.*;
public class Test {
// Target:
// I bought a new widget engine,
// which created product A, product B, and product C.
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Starting...");
Lexicon lexicon = Lexicon.getDefaultLexicon();
NLGFactory nlgFactory = new NLGFactory(lexicon);
Realiser realiser = new Realiser(lexicon);
SPhraseSpec s1 = nlgFactory.createClause("I",
"bought", "a new widget engine");
s1.setFeature(Feature.TENSE, Tense.PAST);
SPhraseSpec s2 = nlgFactory.createClause("", "created");
NPPhraseSpec object1 = nlgFactory.createNounPhrase("product A");
NPPhraseSpec object2 = nlgFactory.createNounPhrase("product B");
NPPhraseSpec object3 = nlgFactory.createNounPhrase("product C");
CoordinatedPhraseElement cc = nlgFactory.createCoordinatedPhrase();
cc.addCoordinate(object1);
cc.addCoordinate(object2);
cc.addCoordinate(object3);
s2.setObject(cc);
s2.setFeature(Feature.TENSE, Tense.PAST);
s2.setFeature(Feature.COMPLEMENTISER, ", which"); // non-restrictive?
s1.addComplement(s2);
String output = realiser.realiseSentence(s1);
System.out.println(output);
}
}
I am not a native English speaker and often get this part wrong, but I think you want a restrictive relative clause instead of a non-restrictive one: "I bought a new widget engine that created..." instead of "I bought a new widget engine, which created ..." If that is the case, just comment the line setting the complementiser.
Related
So I am creating a data class in kotlin that I would like to have a reference to a drawable resource, but there are ~40 different birds that the data class could be. What I am trying to do is have different birds that then will show a different picture depending on a bird number.
for example:
val bird = Bird(1) //where the 1 is the bird index in the file.
bird.updatevalues() // updates the bird data (name etc.)
//what I want to do is this:
R.drawable.(bird.getDrawableName)
Or is there a way to search the resources and find one that is called the same name as the bird and then I can just return the ID?
for example:
data class Bird(birdNumIn: Int){
val birdNum = birdNumIn
var birdName: String
fun updateValues(){
birdName = //name comes from CSV file.
}
fun searchDrawables(){
//find the drawable resource corresponding to the birds name
}
val bird = Bird(1) //where the 1 is the bird index in the file.
bird.updatevalues() // updates the bird data (name etc.)
getDrawable(bird.searchDrawables()) //should get the photo
If there is any other way that I have not thought about, please let me know. This problem has had me stumped for a while!
Thanks in Advance.
Try this
int id = getResources().getIdentifier(drawableImageName, "drawable", getPackageName());
here drawableImageName is your dynamic image name.
Below is a working code of a ToolbarButton in Genie. The objective is to get the uri for the chosen file and return it back to the construct/init of the class. The problem is that in all examples I’ve come across global _variables are used (as shown in the code below). It looks unintuitive and I fear that whenever the code gets larger, it will become more difficult to remove bugs, since these variables will start to accumulate. Is any other way of making the function openfile return the uri to a regular variable within the construct/init of the class?
Here is the code:
uses
Granite.Widgets
Gtk
init
Gtk.init (ref args)
var app = new Application ()
app.show_all ()
Gtk.main ()
// This class holds all the elements from the GUI
class Application : Gtk.Window
_view:Gtk.TextView
_uri:string
construct ()
// Prepare Gtk.Window:
this.window_position = Gtk.WindowPosition.CENTER
this.destroy.connect (Gtk.main_quit)
this.set_default_size (400, 400)
// Headerbar definition
headerbar:Gtk.HeaderBar = new Gtk.HeaderBar()
headerbar.show_close_button = true
headerbar.set_title("My text editor")
// Headerbar buttons
open_button:Gtk.ToolButton = new ToolButton.from_stock(Stock.OPEN)
open_button.clicked.connect (openfile)
// Add everything to the toolbar
headerbar.pack_start (open_button)
show_all ()
this.set_titlebar(headerbar)
// Box:
box:Gtk.Box = new Gtk.Box (Gtk.Orientation.VERTICAL, 1)
this.add (box)
// A ScrolledWindow:
scrolled:Gtk.ScrolledWindow = new Gtk.ScrolledWindow (null, null)
box.pack_start (scrolled, true, true, 0)
// The TextView:
_view = new Gtk.TextView ()
_view.set_wrap_mode (Gtk.WrapMode.WORD)
_view.buffer.text = "Lorem Ipsum"
scrolled.add (_view)
def openfile (self:ToolButton)
var dialog = new FileChooserDialog ("Open file",
this,
FileChooserAction.OPEN,
Stock.OK, ResponseType.ACCEPT,
Stock.CANCEL, ResponseType.CANCEL)
//filter.add_pixbuf_formats ()
//dialog.add_filter (filter)
case dialog.run()
when ResponseType.ACCEPT
var filename = dialog.get_filename()
//image.set_from_file(filename)
if (dialog.run () == Gtk.ResponseType.ACCEPT)
_uri = dialog.get_uri ()
stdout.printf ("Selection:\n %s", _uri)
dialog.destroy ()
Or shouldn't I worry at all about _variables accumulating?
First a note on terminology and then a generalisation.
A "global variable" can be accessed any where in your program, so its scope is global. The _variables you are referring to in your question are private fields within the scope of your object. They can only be accessed by code that is defined in that object. You are, however, right to be concerned about the accumulation of private working variables within your objects.
Designing objects is hard to do and techniques and ideas have evolved over several decades of practise and research. The SOLID acronym, introduced by Michael Feathers, sums up five principles for object oriented design that provide useful criteria for evaluating your design. Also the book, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, by Gamma et al. and first published in 1994, provides a good summary and categorisation of designs in object oriented programming. That book uses a document editor as a case study for demonstrating the use of such patterns. Both the SOLID principles and the design patterns in the book are abstractions, they won't tell you how to write a program but they do give a set of common ideas that allows programmers to discuss and evaluate. So I will use both of those tools in my answer, but be aware in recent years additional techniques have been developed to further enhance the software development process, specifically test driven development and behaviour driven development.
The S in SOLID stands for the Single Responsibility Principle and is a good starting point for looking at your example. By calling your object, Application, and thinking of the private working variables as global variables then it suggests you are writing the whole application within a single object. What you can do is start to separate Application in to a number of different objects that focus more on a single area of responsibility. First though I thought I would rename the Application object. I went for EditorWindow. In my example below EditorWindow also has a Header and a DocumentView.
Compile the code below with:
valac -X -DGETTEXT_PACKAGE --pkg gtk+-3.0 text_editor_example.gs
The use of -X -DGETTEXT_PACKAGE is explained at the end of this answer.
[indent=4]
uses
Gtk
init
Intl.setlocale()
Gtk.init( ref args )
var document = new Text( "Lorem Ipsum" )
var header = new Header( "My text editor" )
var body = new DocumentView( document )
var editor = new EditorWindow( header, body )
var document_selector = new DocumentFileSelector( editor )
var load_new_content_command = new Load( document, document_selector )
header.add_item( new OpenButton( load_new_content_command ) )
editor.show_all()
Gtk.main()
class EditorWindow:Window
construct( header:Header, body:DocumentView )
this.window_position = WindowPosition.CENTER
this.set_default_size( 400, 400 )
this.destroy.connect( Gtk.main_quit )
this.set_titlebar( header )
var box = new Box( Gtk.Orientation.VERTICAL, 1 )
box.pack_start( body, true, true, 0 )
this.add( box )
class Header:HeaderBar
construct( title:string = "" )
this.show_close_button = true
this.set_title( title )
def add_item( item:Widget )
this.pack_start( item )
class OpenButton:ToolButton
construct( command:Command )
this.icon_widget = new Image.from_icon_name(
"document-open",
IconSize.SMALL_TOOLBAR
)
this.clicked.connect( command.execute )
class DocumentView:ScrolledWindow
construct( document:TextBuffer )
var view = new TextView.with_buffer( document )
view.set_wrap_mode( Gtk.WrapMode.WORD )
this.add( view )
interface Command:Object
def abstract execute()
interface DocumentSelector:Object
def abstract select():bool
def abstract get_document():string
class Text:TextBuffer
construct ( initial:string = "" )
this.text = initial
class DocumentFileSelector:Object implements DocumentSelector
_parent:Window
_uri:string = ""
construct( parent:Window )
_parent = parent
def select():bool
var dialog = new FileChooserDialog( "Open file",
_parent,
FileChooserAction.OPEN,
dgettext( "gtk30", "_OK"),
ResponseType.ACCEPT,
dgettext( "gtk30", "_Cancel" ),
ResponseType.CANCEL
)
selected:bool = false
var response = dialog.run()
case response
when ResponseType.ACCEPT
_uri = dialog.get_uri()
selected = true
dialog.destroy()
return selected
def get_document():string
return "Reading the text from a URI is not implemented\n%s".printf(_uri)
class Load:Object implements Command
_receiver:TextBuffer
_document_selector:DocumentSelector
construct( receiver:TextBuffer, document_selector:DocumentSelector )
_receiver = receiver
_document_selector = document_selector
def execute()
if _document_selector.select()
_receiver.text = _document_selector.get_document()
A common high-level pattern for graphical user interfaces is model-view-controller (MVC). This is about de-coupling your objects so they can be easily re-used and changed. In the example document has become the object that represents the model. By making this a separate object it allows multiple views to be given of the same data. For example when writing a StackOverflow question you have an editor window, but also a pre-view. Both are different views of the same data.
In the example the header toolbar has been further separated into different objects using the command pattern. Each button in the toolbar has an associated command. By having the commands as separate objects the command can be re-used. For example the key binding Ctrl-O may also use the Load command. This way the code for the command attached to the open document button doesn't need to be re-written for attaching it to Ctrl-O.
The command pattern makes use of an interface. As long as an object implements the execute() method then it can be used as a command. The Load command also makes use of an interface for the object that asks the user which URI to open. Gtk+ also provides a FileChooserNative. So if you wanted to switch to using a FileChooserNative dialog instead of a FileChooserDialog you would just need to write a new object that implements the DocumentSelector interface and pass that to the Load command instead. By de-coupling objects in this way it makes your program much more flexible and the use of private fields are kept confined to each object.
As a side note, when compiling your example there were a few warnings: warning: Gtk.Stock has been deprecated since 3.10. The example in this answer uses the newer way:
for the open document icon the GNOME developer documentation for Stock Items states "Use named icon "document-open" or the label "_Open"." So I've used document-open. These names are from the freedesktop.org Icon Naming Specification
for the OK button in the file chooser dialog the GNOME Developer documentation states "Do not use an icon. Use label "_OK"." The underscore before means it is internationalised and translated by gettext. gettext uses 'domains' which are translation files. For GTK+3 the domain is called gtk30. To enable gettext when your program is compiled a macro for the default domain needs to be passed to the C compiler. This is why the -X -DGETTEXT_PACKAGE is needed. Also in the Genie program Intl.setlocale() is needed to set the locale to the runtime environment. When this is done using something like LC_ALL="zh_CN" ./text_editor_example to run your program will show the OK button in Chinese if you have that locale installed
I am trying to find the Theme/Noun phrase from a sentence using Stanford NLP
For eg: the sentence "the white tiger" I would love to get
Theme/Nound phrase as : white tiger.
For this I used pos tagger. My sample code is below.
Result I am getting is "tiger" which is not correct. Sample code I used to run is
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("annotators", "tokenize,ssplit,parse");
StanfordCoreNLP pipeline = new StanfordCoreNLP(props);
Annotation annotation = new Annotation("the white tiger)");
pipeline.annotate(annotation);
List<CoreMap> sentences = annotation
.get(CoreAnnotations.SentencesAnnotation.class);
System.out.println("the size of the senetence is......"
+ sentences.size());
for (CoreMap sentence : sentences) {
System.out.println("the senetence is..." + sentence.toString());
Tree tree = sentence.get(TreeAnnotation.class);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
out.println("The first sentence parsed is:");
tree.pennPrint(out);
System.out.println("does it comes here.....1111");
TregexPattern pattern = TregexPattern.compile("#NP");
TregexMatcher matcher = pattern.matcher(tree);
while (matcher.find()) {
Tree match = matcher.getMatch();
List<Tree> leaves1 = match.getChildrenAsList();
StringBuilder stringbuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (Tree tree1 : leaves1) {
String val = tree1.label().value();
if (val.equals("NN") || val.equals("NNS")
|| val.equals("NNP") || val.equals("NNPS")) {
Tree nn[] = tree1.children();
String ss = Sentence.listToString(nn[0].yield());
stringbuilder.append(ss).append(" ");
}
}
System.out.println("the final stringbilder is ...."
+ stringbuilder);
}
}
}
Any help is really appreciated.Any other thoughts to get this achieved.
It looks like you're descending the dependency trees looking for NN.*.
"white" is a JJ--an adjective--which won't be included searching for NN.*.
You should take a close look at the Stanford Dependencies Manual and decide what part of speech tags encompass what you're looking for. You should also look at real linguistic data to try to figure out what matters in the task you're trying to complete. What about:
the tiger [with the black one] [who was white]
Simply traversing the tree in that case will give you tiger black white. Exclude PP's? Then you lose lots of good info:
the tiger [with white fur]
I'm not sure what you're trying to accomplish, but make sure what you're trying to do is restricted in the right way.
You ought to polish up on your basic syntax as well. "the white tiger" is what linguists call a Noun Phrase or NP. You'd be hard pressed for a linguist to call an NP a sentence. There are also often many NPs inside a sentence; sometimes, they're even embedded inside one another. The Stanford Dependencies Manual is a good start. As in the name, the Stanford Dependencies are based on the idea of dependency grammar, though there are other approaches that bring different insights to the table.
Learning what linguists know about the structure of sentences could help you significantly in getting at what you're trying to extract or--as happens often--realizing that what you're trying to extract is too difficult and that you need to find a new route to a solution.
I'm creating a search function to browse through one of my domain classes.
I have a string which i would like to split into individual words, so that I can search through my domain class for each word.
For example, my User class has a name attribute and a biography attribute.
If I searched "Tom Chicago" in my system, it would return all the users with a name like %tom% or with a name like %chicago% AND all the users with a biography containing either of those words to.
I have started my search function like this:
def userCriteria = User.createCriteria()
userResults = userCriteria.list(){
like("name", "%${q}%")
like("biography", "%${q}%")
}
Obviously this is not doing quite what I'd like it to do. How can I adjust it so that it does?
While this is going to create some horrible SQL statements it will do what you want. Not sure I could in good faith use this in a production system when such things as Searchable exist.
def userCriteria = User.createCriteria()
def userResults = userCriteria.list() {
or {
q.split(" ").each { t ->
ilike("name", "%$t%")
ilike("biography", "%$t%")
}
}
}
Scenario:
I have x number of classes. Lets say 10; Each class does different UI Functions. When a user loads a file, that extension tells the program the classname to load; but it's in the form of a string.
Is there anyway to pass a string off as a classname? Something to the effect of.
var classname = "Booger";
var nose = new classname(){ //classname really means "Booger"
//Do Operation
}
You can reflect a type by name using var t = Type.from_name(classname);, however, this works on all types, including enums and structs and it might be the type Type.INVALID. You should probably do some checks, like t.is_a(typeof(MyParentClass)).
You can then instantiate a copy using var obj = Object.new(t);. The whole thing would look like:
var classname = "Booger";
var t = Type.from_name(classname);
if (t.is_a(typeof(MyParentClass)))
return Object.new(t);
else
return null;
It's also worth noting that the run-time type names have the namespace prepended, so you might want to do "MyNs" + classname. You can check in either the generated C or doing typeof(MyClass).name().
I've had the same problem as the OP in regards to getting an assertion error against null. If you take a look at the Glib documentation (in C) it mentions you have to register your class by actually specifying the class name first before you can actually use a string representation of your class name.
In other words you have to use your class first BEFORE you can instantiate a copy of your class with Glib.Type.from_name ("ClassName").
You can use your class first by instantiating a class instance or by getting type information for your class.
var type = typeof (MyClass);
var type_from_string = Type.from_name ("MyClass");
Furthermore, when you use Object.new to create a class there are two things you need to be aware of:
1) You need to cast the return value to get your specific class or base class.
var instance_of_my_class = Object.new (type) as MyClass;
2) Constructors for your class will no longer be called (I don't why). You will need to use the GObject style constructor inside your class:
construct {
pizza = 5;
}