Barplots and other graphics not displaying in terminal (Debian and R) - linux

I am using debian, and installed R using the following command:
apt-get install r-recommended
I then tested out whether it worked by using R to run
barplot(1:100)
This gave no errors, but provided no output.
Non graphical R commands work, but anything that should display a graphic seems to be ignored. No errors, no warnings, no output at all.
Am I missing a critical library?

Type in x11() and hit enter. This should open up a graphics window. Then if you do plot(1:100) you should see a graph.

You can write any plot to the server using the following:
png('path/for_my_image/my_image.png', width=6, height=6, units='in', res=300)
dev.off()
Choose your height and width as needed.
Then just go find your image through either FTP or by downloading to your local directory via scp.

Related

StartX failing to run:- Arch linux openbox

I am a linux noob trying to setup openbox on an arch linux base. I am trying to get it as lightweight as possible in terms of resources used.
My final plan is to use openbox, with tint1 and conky.
however I am having an issue getting openbox to start. I have followed numerous guides and am struggling to figure out the problem.
I have so far installed the following (and done this config)
openbox (installed default option with the extras asked for)
create ~/.conifg/openbox
copied, rc.xml, menu.xml, autostart, environment to the above location
pyxdg
xorg-xinit
xorg-server
this didn't work so I the installed the full
xorg
still nothing, although when I try to run startx the screen goes black for a second as though it is trying, but then goes back to text mode saying it has failed.
I have had a look at the attached log file, but I don't know enough to be able to interpret it properly.
log file: https://www.dropbox.com/s/r76fowkooi822y9/Xorg.log?dl=0
I would appreciate any assistance.
Thanks
Steve
still nothing, although when I try to run startx the screen goes black for a second as though it is trying, but then goes back to text mode saying it has failed.
what is it saying?
There is only one error: (EE) open /dev/fb0: Permission denied, try starting your environment with the same configuration as root - just to see if it works. Maybe its a problem related to rootless X.
Have you configured/checked your installation (xserver, graphics driver, xinit config) using the following guides?
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xorg
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xinitrc
Try to start a minimal X (As described in the xinitrc article) to see if your xserver and graphics driver is working correctly.

Adjusting font size in CentOS

I just installed CentOS 6.4 on my laptop and have a quick question. I'm extremely new to Linux and have never really worked on an actual Linux system before. I have some vision issues and am finding the default font size pretty difficult to see. Can anyone tell me how I can adjust the text size? I am using a text-based environment with no graphical desktop installed and like I said, I'm using CentOS 6.4
update
For anyone having this same problem, I thought I'd give a quick update to give y'all a couple different options I've discovered on how to fix this. If you're using a graphical desktop, the answer to this post is definitely a quick and easy fix. If you're working in a solely text-based environment, here's a command my professor gave me today that increases the font as well, however, this may only be for that particular session unless you add it to a configuration file, I haven't tested that though.
setfont sun12x22
Hope that helps anyone having the same issue :-)
You'll find your font options at System -> Preferences -> Fonts menu option
reference link http://www.techotopia.com/index.php/Configuring_CentOS_Desktop_Fonts
Suggestions for text based install https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=2932
install yum install epel-release
install yum -y install terminus*
run command setfont ter-p18b
Here 18 is your font size(according to ur need),but this is not permanent,to make it permanent open /etc/rc.local in vi and write the setfont ter-p22b command in last line and save it.
Lastly give it all permissions by chmod +x /etc/rc.local and reboot,now it is default.
Word of caution:DO NOT MISHANDLE rc.local

when i boots up my raspberry pi desktop become black

I try to auto start a python script at startup, then reboot my Raspberry Pi to see if it works.
sudo nano /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart
Instead of a normal desktop display, I get a blank screen open box that can only open the menu by right click. So I tried to delete the code I have implemented on start up then reboot again, but the same thing happens. I uninstall open box hoping that it would solve the problem, but I still get the blank screen and the mouse cursor becomes an "X" icon. Has anybody encountered this problem before?
I had a similar problem with my Pi and, after checking the link provided by Matt (lxde wiki), I found what the problem was and the solution.
I had 2 autostart files:
Global commands:
/etc/xdg/lxsession//autostart
Local commands:
~/.config/lxsession/LXDE-pi/autostart
And, according to documentation "If both files are present, only the entries in the local file will be executed."
And my local file was empty.
After deleting the empty file, LXDE desktop was back and no more black screen.
The blank screen open box is the default openbox theme (for lack of a better word). Openbox is required for lxde so you should reinstall that first. To autostart something in LXDE you can create desktop files in your ~/.config/autostart directory (according to the lxde wiki) to avoid messing with the autostart file
Try reinstalling openbox and returning the /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart to the way you found it and see what happens. You might have accidentally messed up another autostart command
I went into ~/.config/autostart and found a file named lxde.desktop which I edited and commented out (using #) a line that began with something like OnlyShowIn or something similar. (After a reboot that line disappeared so I don't remember exactly what It was, It "could" have been NotShowIn but I thought it was something different)
After a reboot my desktop came back *fine!
*I had a bunch of GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 errors which I cleared up by typing lxsession-edit in a terminal window and then unchecking LXDE and rebooting
If you figure out my "OnlyShowIn" confusion - please comment to clear it up for myself and others
I experienced same behavior, and found the following mistake I made:
I ran:
sudo dd bs=1m if=raspbian.img of=/dev/disk2 conv=sync
but I accidentally omitted the r before disk2
I Reran:
sudo dd bs=1m if=raspbian.img of=/dev/rdisk2 conv=sync
and it booted up properly.
The successful boot on Pi showed a blue square immediately saying "reformatting disk".
My solution was to format the SD card with the ZIP file directly instead of the IMG file found inside after extraction. I got the zip file from the Raspbian download page found here:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
With an SD card formatted from the ZIP rather than its contained IMG, my operating system is loading as expected.
This solution was applied in Mac OSX using Apple Pi Baker software and the above linked image.

Is there a textual version of Conky?

Is there a way to run conky in the terminal? I don't care about the graphics but I would like to have a window in screen that would effectively run as my 'conky' and display conky-like stats/scripts etc.
If this isn't possible, are there alternatives that do what I'm asking?
I found this Conky interface post which uses the out_to_console option. I don't really consider this a solution as I'm looking for something ncurses based.
There is a cli version of conky. On debian wheezy you can install it with:-
sudo apt-get install conky-cli
However, it will remove conky-std if you already have that installed.
Further googling 'conky ncurses' led me full circle back to conky's documentation http://conky.sourceforge.net/docs.html.
There is an out_to_ncurses option.
Based on this post http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/howto-live-life-in-a-text-based-world-856017/#post4234633 you need to set out_to_console and out_to_x to no to get it to work.
I simply took my working graphical conky and set out_to_console and out_to_x to no and out_to_ncurses to yes and commented out a line where I was setting the background image (not sure if this was necessary) and ran it and she worked like a charm!
HTH
N.B.: In the newer versions of conky, these argument take boolean values such as true or false instead of yes of no.

What has happened to startx on Cygwin?

I just had my desktop computer replaced. Both my previous computer and this one have Windows XP. In order to work with the many Linux servers we have, I installed Cygwin along with its xterm package. However, I cannot run startx to start the X-window server as I did with my previous computer. I've been looking online to see why startx is missing from my install, but I haven't found anything yet. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
[Does more research] Well, I just installed the xinit package, which I do not recall having to do before. (It may have been a requirement for the xterm package the last time I installed Cygwin.) startx now exists, but I wouldn't say it works. The X-window server it starts creates a window that covers my entire monitor with three terminals within it, unlike the old 25 line x 80 column single terminal window I'm used to. Worse, I can't just spawn child windows like I used to, which was the real power of using Cygwin with X-windows.
OK, after doing more research and getting help from one of my coworkers, I have found a solution to my problem.
What has happened is that, although startx exists, it now starts the X server in fullscreen mode by default instead of multiwindow mode. Looking back, I probably could have copied /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc to ~/.xinitrc and customized it. However, it turns out that there are other startup scripts for the X server which are easier to modify. (See http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/using.html.)
In this case, I took the script startxwin.bat. I then made a couple of changes to startxwin.bat:
I added a drive letter to the CYGWIN_ROOT because my work environment has my home directory outside of the C drive.
I added a "+tb" option to the xterm call to suppress the menubar at the top of the X-window.
The nifty thing is that by going to Start → Programs → Cygwin-X → Xwin Server, I can open a GUI Cygwin X-window without ever opening the standard Cygwin command line. This was decidedly not the case with my previous installation.
I should add that I made these changes after expanding my selection of packages. Instead of just installing X11 → xterm, I followed the recommendations in step 15 of http://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/setup-cygwin-x-installing.html and installed:
X11 → X-start-menu-icons
X11 → xinit
X11 → xorg-docs
X11 → xorg-server
(This selection picked up X11 → xterm as a required package.) While I see no obvious reason why the directions above wouldn't have worked with just X11 → xterm and X11 → xinit installed, I haven't put that theory to the test, and I have little desire to blow away my current installation and rebuild it to prove my theory.
I hope this helps other people avoid some pain.
Disclaimer: I know this answer does not answer your question directly, but it offers a good alternative.
I use Cygwin + XMing to run remote X applications:
Launch XMing
Start my favorite Cygwin shell (zsh)
export DISPLAY=localhost:0
ssh -X myserver.domain
Run X programs
Works like a charm. The best part is that XMing can neatly integrate X windows into the Windows GUI, i.e. each X app has its own full-right window.
Thanks, this helped me a bit (finding out about installing xinit). That new startx window was really crappy, a friend helped me solve it in another way: by starting with: startxwin.sh instead of startx. Then it looked like the "old" one, and worked much better.
When you installed Cygwin, did you install the full package set? The default is to only install a baseline of packages which may not include X.
Run setup.exe again and ensure the X11 packages are installed. I just click on the little double arrows next to "All" until it says "Install". It may be you chose "Default" instead.
It's better to have a full install since I remember having problems with Cygwin dependencies in the past and now, when I run 'Start', 'All Programs', 'CygWin-X', 'XWin Server', it runs fine, opening up one shell, then 'xterm &' opens another shell.
So I really think you need to install the lot. You could try, at a bare minimum, the whole X11 group (not just xinit) but you may as well do the lot, especially given the powerful commands you get.
I always run Cygwin install twice ... the first time, I just install default packages, and the second time, I install EVERYTHING. The download takes forever, but in this way I always have almost everything I could possibly want. (I like how on Cygwin I can install everything and there are no conflicts, unlike some Linux distributions where there are packages that do the same thing in different ways which can't be installed at the same time. But of course Cygwin has an easier job of this than a full OS ... there's no Cygwin sendmail, for example.)
I have to install Cygwin on a new machine tomorrow, so this question freaks me out. I'm going to die if startx isn't working. I hope it turns out that you're just missing a package. I highly recommend installing everything.

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