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is there a relationship between X11 and gnome ? does the gnome uses the X11 interface to display ? or does the gnome implements some functionality that the X11 requires ?
Is there a relationship between X11 and gnome ?
Yes
Does the gnome uses the X11 interface to display ?
Yes1
or does the gnome implements some functionality that the X11 requires ?
Gnome implement functionalities users expect/require. X11 doesn't require Gnome, Gnome requires X111.
X11 is
a client/server network protocol allowing remote access to displays, keyboards and mice.
a low level API implementing the X11 protocol used to develop graphic applications
a library (libX11) implementing this API
a set of packages (servers, toolkits, applications, window managers, ...) using the X11 API, directly and/or through a toolkit.
Gnome is
a collection of applications based on the GTK+ toolkit, which itself uses the X11 API. These applications form a graphic environment including plenty of applications, window manager(s), accessories, ...
There are many other graphic environment, KDE based on the Qt toolkit being one of the well known competitor.
Before KDE and Gnome (read in the nineties), one of the most popular desktop environments was CDE, based on the Motif toolkit.
1 Note that it is possible to select alternative underlying graphic layers with GTK+ 3. In such case, you might replace all occurrences of X11 in the first part of my reply by the back-end selected, e.g. Wayland, Quartz, Win32...
The relationship/dependencies remains the same.
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I have been working with a lpc1788 (Cortex M3) evaluation board. For some application developement I used a GUI library/tool by Segger, called emWin. Though I have completed the applicatiopn developement on keil uVision 4, I am keen to whether the same can be done on a linux gnu-arm toolchain used along with a GUI library. As the name itself suggests, emWin is not meant for linux platform developement. And, its costly too not being an open source. Can anybody please inform me if there are any options available?
QT and wxWidgets both have ports for embedded systems, especially those that are capable of running a decent linux distro such as your arm board.
QT Embeded packs it's own window manager.. and doesn't seem to need X11. link to Wiki
wxWidgets usually wraps around other GUI libs. Link to ArticlesThere's :-
wxGTK for GTK+ if you squeeze GTK into your device.
wxX11 if you can get an X Window system to run on your device.
wxDFB for "resource free" devices that use DirectFB
wxNano-X for Nano-X
There should be other options out there, but you may the above because:-
They have excellent community support.
Both libraries are Free and Open Source.
They have very nice development tools...IDEs and RAD tools that are Free & Open Source.
Ease of development of your GUIs on desktop.
Portability of your app to other platforms ( Android, win32/64, OSX ..etc ).
.....The list goes on and on.
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I know its possible to use haskell with web development, but what about for mobile development? Since Haskell runs almost flawlessly windows, Linux, and Mac, I can't see why this wouldn't be possible.
GHC does support ARM to some extent, so you could compile Haskell programs to run on most mobile phones.
That said, there's very little library support for Haskell mobile applications on the big platforms (iOS and Android) at the moment. The issue is that they use custom system and UI libraries that aren't (really) available outside their ecosystems. You could interface Haskell code with Android or iOS apps (probably via the C bindings), but there's no automated way of it, and there's no simple library to use. So, although you could write some Haskell program that computes something, getting input from a user, and showing them the result would be quite a hassle (see the relevant HaskellWiki articles on Android and IPhone).
Your best bet at the moment would probably be Maemo, which should be able to run GTK Haskell apps for ARM without much hassle. That said, there aren't many Maemo phones out there. There are also a few other mobile distributions that just run vanilla Linux systems and those would work just as well; in particular, any tablet that runs a vanilla Linux (as opposed to Android, or some other heavily customized distribution) would probably run even graphical Haskell apps just fine.
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We have some codebar scanners based on Windows CE that run remote applications located on some servers via Windows Terminal Service.
Given that we are migrating our server applications to UNIX based operating systems, I was wondering is there any reliable RDP based solution that can be considered ?
Thanks,
vnc is the main unix alternative for a graphical session other than that you could run some commands over ssh.
Not RDP, there is X-windows. it's not like terminal services, but it might solve your problem (the app runs on the server, only the graphics on the client).
You run the app on the server, and re-route the display to your device.
VNC and NX are the two things that perform the same functionality as RDP.
Linux supports many different ways of remoting applications, since you probably want to detach and re-attach to the session then ssh X11 forwarding is out of the picture, which leaves:
NX: the advantage here is the speed and the fact that you can get seamless sessions. There are many wrappers around the NX libraries, the most popular ones are: x2go and winswitch - don't bother with FreeNX and NeatX which are unmaintained.
Xpra: does seamless sessions like NX, not full desktops.
VNC: TigerVNC, TurboVNC, TightVNC, ... I would go with the one that ships with your distro. Full desktops only, not seamless.
RDP (there are RDP servers for Linux too although I would not recommend them), the RDP clients are fine, although I could not get seamless sessions to work with them...
I have put up a more detailed comparison here - it also explains what seamless sessions are, etc.
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I'm using Gnome now and want to install XFCE. Nothing complicated but just curious - do all applications, installed previously on Gnome will be also removed or they would work on XFCE properly after installing XFCE and removing Gnome ?
OS: Linux Mint 7
Don't uninstall Gnome, just select XFCE in the graphical login screen
You might lose functionality in any desktop widgets that were using Gnome, but in general, all of your application using GTK should not in any way be affected by what desktop environment you are using.
At least under Ubuntu, I am fairly sure that uninstalling Gnome should only affect the desktop environment, it should not remove any applications that are not explicitly tied to the Gnome desktop.
Installing XFCE is easy : as root, run:
yum groupinstall XFCE
In my experience, all gnome applications will work with XFCE. However, you should make sure that XFCE launches the appropriate services for these at startup. Navigate to Menu –> Settings –> Sessions & Startup. On the “Advanced” tab, select the appropriate checkbox.
There is no need to uninstall GNOME. The login screen will allow you to select one or the other.
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Use case:
A does something on his box and gots stuck. He asks B (remote) for support.
B logs into the session of A, sees all windows, A was seeing and is able to manipulate the GUI.
If A uses Windows it is very convenient to log into a running session e.g. via VNC. But if A uses Linux, AFAIK, this is not possible. Using VNC requires a "vncserver"-session, which is a separate session. You could get screen captures from remote by querying the X-server, but you cannot press buttons on the screen.
Is there some workaround for this?
There is x11vnc: "x11vnc allows one to view remotely and interact with real X displays (i.e. a display corresponding to a physical monitor, keyboard, and mouse) with any VNC viewer. It has built-in SSL encryption and authentication, UNIX account and password support, server-side scaling, single port HTTPS and VNC, mDNS service advertising, and TightVNC and UltraVNC file-transfer".
It could be used with existing X11 session, without need to start one under "xvncserver".
Apart from x11vnc (which is indeed really nice) and krfb (which I have no experience with), recent Gnome desktops have the Vino VNC server built-in. IIRC it can be enabled under System->Settings->Desktop Sharing. It has a nice GUI and is well-integrated with Gnome and the system, but AFAIK it uses more CPU time than x11vnc does.