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Use case:
A does something on his box and gots stuck. He asks B (remote) for support.
B logs into the session of A, sees all windows, A was seeing and is able to manipulate the GUI.
If A uses Windows it is very convenient to log into a running session e.g. via VNC. But if A uses Linux, AFAIK, this is not possible. Using VNC requires a "vncserver"-session, which is a separate session. You could get screen captures from remote by querying the X-server, but you cannot press buttons on the screen.
Is there some workaround for this?
There is x11vnc: "x11vnc allows one to view remotely and interact with real X displays (i.e. a display corresponding to a physical monitor, keyboard, and mouse) with any VNC viewer. It has built-in SSL encryption and authentication, UNIX account and password support, server-side scaling, single port HTTPS and VNC, mDNS service advertising, and TightVNC and UltraVNC file-transfer".
It could be used with existing X11 session, without need to start one under "xvncserver".
Apart from x11vnc (which is indeed really nice) and krfb (which I have no experience with), recent Gnome desktops have the Vino VNC server built-in. IIRC it can be enabled under System->Settings->Desktop Sharing. It has a nice GUI and is well-integrated with Gnome and the system, but AFAIK it uses more CPU time than x11vnc does.
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So i know how to SSH into a box and create/modify directories etc. However I do want to know how I can open the exact GUI (For instance I want the Fedora environment that I have on my virtual machine) to open up. Meaning I need to be able to simply see my linux environment. Would anyone know how I can achieve this?
I am using a mac.
I'm presuming you want to see the gui you are running on the vm, which won't really help you here. You have a couple of options:
If you are running linux (or an X server like xceed) on the machine you are actually using, then you can enable X forwarding in ssh (-X on the command line) and then run your window manager from there.
Alternatively, you could look at installing a vnc server on your linux machine (I'd recommend tightvnc) and your host and connecting that way.
Either way this would be getting you a fresh desktop rather than what is visible on the console of the machine.
For the specific case of a virtual machine, as you mentioned, both vmware and virtualbox (I'm guessing you are using one of those) provide either vnc or rdesktop head support; you can then use either a vnc client or windows remote desktop client to connect to the actual console. In this instance this is probably what you want to do.
Set up a VNC server on your Linux machine, it can provide you with a desktop environment.
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is there a relationship between X11 and gnome ? does the gnome uses the X11 interface to display ? or does the gnome implements some functionality that the X11 requires ?
Is there a relationship between X11 and gnome ?
Yes
Does the gnome uses the X11 interface to display ?
Yes1
or does the gnome implements some functionality that the X11 requires ?
Gnome implement functionalities users expect/require. X11 doesn't require Gnome, Gnome requires X111.
X11 is
a client/server network protocol allowing remote access to displays, keyboards and mice.
a low level API implementing the X11 protocol used to develop graphic applications
a library (libX11) implementing this API
a set of packages (servers, toolkits, applications, window managers, ...) using the X11 API, directly and/or through a toolkit.
Gnome is
a collection of applications based on the GTK+ toolkit, which itself uses the X11 API. These applications form a graphic environment including plenty of applications, window manager(s), accessories, ...
There are many other graphic environment, KDE based on the Qt toolkit being one of the well known competitor.
Before KDE and Gnome (read in the nineties), one of the most popular desktop environments was CDE, based on the Motif toolkit.
1 Note that it is possible to select alternative underlying graphic layers with GTK+ 3. In such case, you might replace all occurrences of X11 in the first part of my reply by the back-end selected, e.g. Wayland, Quartz, Win32...
The relationship/dependencies remains the same.
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I want to host a Webserver on my PC mainly to run Wordpress on it. But I am going to use VMWare Workstation for running it along with Windows.
Now, what I'd like to know, do I need Ubuntu Server to host the site or can I use Ubuntu Desktop for the Job?. Note that the server is not for high traffic, is mainly for testing by myself and maybe a few other people...
Thank you
Ubuntu Desktop can handle the job just fine, you'll just have to install a web server, an SQL server, etc., via aptitude. The main difference between Desktop and Server is that Server comes without GUI and other 'features' -- thus if you want to run a more lightweight instance, Server might be favorable.
They are slightly different, but one can be converted to another without reinstall.
Server comes with some packages like apache preinstalled, but no GUI.
Desktop comes with GUI and office-related packages like LibreOffice preinstalled.
Server has server kernel which is in package linux-image-server, and desktop has desktop kernel linux-image-generic.
You can convert for example desktop into server by executing
sudo apt-get install linux-image-server
and then you need to tweak grub.cfg such that new kernel is booted by default.
Biggest difference for server kernel is that it gives less priority to interactive tasks and more to serving background server tasks.
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Is there any way to setup my SSH client or my GNOME terminal or whatver so that when I SSH into a remote server it opens up TWO connections (or tabs or whatever)?
I always like to have two SSH connections to my remote servers open - one for displaying log files and another to do actual work. It bugs me that I have to login twice everytime.
Possible? Sensible? What's the verdict?!
I'm not sure what you're trying to accomplish. If you only have one terminal open, where would the two connection send output and get input? You might find something like "screen" useful that lets you have multiple virtual terminals that display to a single physical terminal. You use a key sequence to switch between them. I use it all the time when working over a remote login to a Unix box. It's also nice because you can re-attach to your virtual terminals if you lose your connection.
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We have some codebar scanners based on Windows CE that run remote applications located on some servers via Windows Terminal Service.
Given that we are migrating our server applications to UNIX based operating systems, I was wondering is there any reliable RDP based solution that can be considered ?
Thanks,
vnc is the main unix alternative for a graphical session other than that you could run some commands over ssh.
Not RDP, there is X-windows. it's not like terminal services, but it might solve your problem (the app runs on the server, only the graphics on the client).
You run the app on the server, and re-route the display to your device.
VNC and NX are the two things that perform the same functionality as RDP.
Linux supports many different ways of remoting applications, since you probably want to detach and re-attach to the session then ssh X11 forwarding is out of the picture, which leaves:
NX: the advantage here is the speed and the fact that you can get seamless sessions. There are many wrappers around the NX libraries, the most popular ones are: x2go and winswitch - don't bother with FreeNX and NeatX which are unmaintained.
Xpra: does seamless sessions like NX, not full desktops.
VNC: TigerVNC, TurboVNC, TightVNC, ... I would go with the one that ships with your distro. Full desktops only, not seamless.
RDP (there are RDP servers for Linux too although I would not recommend them), the RDP clients are fine, although I could not get seamless sessions to work with them...
I have put up a more detailed comparison here - it also explains what seamless sessions are, etc.