I would like to write a linux script that will move or copy all files with the same filename (but different extensions) to a new filename for all those files, while maintaining their different extensions. In other words:
if I start with a directory listing:
file1.txt, file1.jpg, file1.doc, file12.txt, file12.jpg, file12.doc
I would like to write a script to change all the filenames without changing the extensions. For the same example, choosing file2 as the new filename the result would be:
file2.txt, file2.jpg and file2.doc, file12.txt, file12.jpg, file12.doc
So the files whose filename do not match the current criteria will not be changed.
Best wishes,
George
Note: If there's file1.doc in variable i, expression ${i##*.} extracts extension i.e. doc in this case.
One line solution:
for i in file1.*; do mv "$i" "file2.${i##*.}"; done
Script:
#!/bin/sh
# first argument - basename of files to be moved
# second arguments - basename of destination files
if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
echo "Two arguments required."
exit;
fi
for i in $1.*; do
if [ -e "$i" ]; then
mv "$i" "$2.${i##*.}"
echo "$i to $2.${i##*.}";
fi
done
The util-linux-ng package (most of linux flavours have it installed by default) has the command 'rename'. See man rename for use instructions. Using it your task can be done simply as that rename file1 file2 file1.*
To handle input files whose basenames contain special characters, I would modify plesiv's script to the following:
if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
echo "Two arguments required."
exit;
fi
for i in "$1".*; do
if [ -e "$i" ]; then
mv "$i" "$2.${i##*.}"
echo "$i to $2.${i##*.}";
fi
done
Note the extra quotes around $1.
Related
I want to remove the extension of specific files with a given extension.
So for instance, in a directory foobar, we have foo.txt, bar.txt foobar.jpg.
Additionally, the extension that I've put in to be removed is txt
After calling the program, my output should be foo bar foobar.jpg
Here is my code so far:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter an extension"
read extension
echo "Enter a directory"
read directory
for file in "$directory"/*; do //
if [[ $file == *.txt ]]
then
echo "${file%.*}"
else
echo "$file"
fi
done
However when I run this on a given directory, nothing shows up.
I'm assuming that there is a problem with how I referred to the directory ( in the line where I placed a //) and I've tried to research on how to solve it but to no avail.
What am I doing wrong?
If files do exist in a valid directory you've entered then they should show up — with one exception. If you are using ~/ (shorthand home directory) then it will be treated as plain text in your for loop. The read variable should be substituted into another variable so the for loop can treat it as a directory (absolute paths should work normally as well).
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter an extension"
read -r extension
echo "Enter a directory"
read -r directory
dir="${directory/#\~/$HOME}"
for file in "$dir"/*; do
if [[ $file == *."$extension" ]]
then
echo "${file%.*}"
else
echo "$file"
fi
done
You can simplify your for-loop:
for file in "$directory"/*; do
echo "${f%.$extension}";
done
The % instructions removes only matching characters. If nothing matches, the original string (here f) is returned.
When you write bash scripts it's more common to pass arguments to your script via command line arguments rather than by reading it from standard input via read program.
Passing arguments via command line:
#!/bin/bash
# $# - a bash variable which holds a number of arguments passed
# to script via command line arguments
# $0 holds the name of the script
if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then # checks if exactly 2 arguments were passed to script
echo "Usage: $0 EXTENSION DIRECTORY"
exit -1;
fi
echo $1; # first argument passed to script
echo $2; # second arugment passed to script
This approach is more efficient because a subprocess is spawn for read command to run and there is no subprocess spawn for reading command line arguments.
There is no need to manually loop through directory, you can use find command to find all files with given extension within given directory.
find /path/to/my/dir -name '*.txt'
find $DIRECTORY -name "*.$EXTENSION"
# note that single quotes in this context would prevent $EXTENSION
# variable to be resolved, so double quotes are used " "
# find searches for files inside $DIRECTORY and searches for files
# matching pattern '*.$EXTENSION'
Note that to avoid bash filename expansion sometimes it is required to wrap actual pattern in single quotes ' ' or double quotes " ". See Bash Filename Expansion
So now your script can look like this:
#!/bin/bash
if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
echo "Usage: $0 EXTENSION DIRECTORY"
exit -1;
fi
$EXTENSION = $1 # for better readability
$DIRECTORY = $2
for file in `find $DIRECTORY -name "*.$EXTENSION"`; do
mv $file ${file%.$EXTENSION}
done
Construct ${file%.$EXTENSION} is called Shell Parameter Expansion it searches for occurrence of .$EXTENSION inside file variable and deletes it.
Notice that in the script it is easy to pass extension as directory and vice versa.
We can check if second argument is in fact directory, we can use following construction:
if ! [[ -d $DIRECTORY ]]; then
echo $DIRECTORY is not a dir
exit -1
fi
This way we can exit from the script earlier with more readable error.
To sum up entire script could look like this:
#!/bin/bash
if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
echo "Usage: $0 EXTENSION DIRECTORY"
exit -1;
fi
EXTENSION=$1 # for better readability
DIRECTORY=$2
if ! [[ -d $DIRECTORY ]]; then
echo $DIRECTORY is not a directory.
exit -1
fi
for file in `find $DIRECTORY -name "*.$EXTENSION"`; do
mv $file ${file%.$EXTENSION}
done
Example usage:
$ ./my-script.sh txt /path/to/directory/with/files
sorry for that odd title. I didn't know how to word it the right way.
I'm trying to write a script to filter my wiki files to those got directories with the same name and the ones without. I'll elaborate further.
here is my file system:
what I need to do is print a list of those files which have directories in their name and another one of those without.
So my ultimate goal is getting:
with dirs:
Docs
Eng
Python
RHEL
To_do_list
articals
without dirs:
orphan.txt
orphan2.txt
orphan3.txt
I managed to get those files with dirs. Here is me code:
getname () {
file=$( basename "$1" )
file2=${file%%.*}
echo $file2
}
for d in Mywiki/* ; do
if [[ -f $d ]]; then
file=$(getname $d)
for x in Mywiki/* ; do
dir=$(getname $x)
if [[ -d $x ]] && [ $dir == $file ]; then
echo $dir
fi
done
fi
done
but stuck with getting those without. if this is the wrong way of doing this please clarify the right one.
any help appreciated. Thanks.
Here's a quick attempt.
for file in Mywiki/*.txt; do
nodir=${file##*/}
test -d "${file%.txt}" && printf "%s\n" "$nodir" >&3 || printf "%s\n" "$nodir"
done >with 3>without
This shamelessly uses standard output for the non-orphans. Maybe more robustly open another separate file descriptor for that.
Also notice how everything needs to be quoted unless you specifically require the shell to do whitespace tokenization and wildcard expansion on the value of a token. Here's the scoop on that.
That may not be the most efficient way of doing it, but you could take all files, remove the extension, and the check if there isn't a directory with that name.
Like this (untested code):
for file in Mywiki/* ; do
if [ -f "$d" ]; then
dirname=$(getname "$d")
if [ ! -d "Mywiki/$dirname" ]; then
echo "$file"
fi
fi
done
To List all the files in current dir
list1=`ls -p | grep -v /`
To List all the files in current dir without extension
list2=`ls -p | grep -v / | sed 's/\.[a-z]*//g'`
To List all the directories in current dir
list3=`ls -d */ | sed -e "s/\///g"`
Now you can get the desired directory listing using intersection of list2 and list3. Intersection of two lists in Bash
My pictures are kept in the folder with the picture-date for folder name, for example the original path and file names:
.../Pics/2016_11_13/wedding/DSC0215.jpg
.../Pics/2016_11_13/afterparty/DSC0234.jpg
.../Pics/2016_11_13/afterparty/DSC0322.jpg
How do I rename the pictures into the format below, with continuous sequences and 4-digit padding?
.../Pics/2016_11_13_wedding.0001.jpg
.../Pics/2016_11_13_afterparty.0002.jpg
.../Pics/2016_11_13_afterparty.0003.jpg
I'm using Bash 4.1, so only mv command is available. Here is what I have now but it's not working
#!/bin/bash
p=0
for i in *.jpg;
do
mv "$i" "$dirname.%03d$p.JPG"
((p++))
done
exit 0
Let say you have something like .../Pics/2016_11_13/wedding/XXXXXX.jpg; then go in directory .../Pics/2016_11_13; from there, you should have a bunch of subdirectories like wedding, afterparty, and so on. Launch this script (disclaimer: I didn't test it):
#!/bin/sh
for subdir in *; do # scan directory
[ ! -d "$subdir" ] && continue; # skip non-directory
prognum=0; # progressive number
for file in $(ls "$dir"); do # scan subdirectory
(( prognum=$prognum+1 )) # increment progressive
newname=$(printf %4.4d $prognum) # format it
newname="$subdir.$newname.jpg" # compose the new name
if [ -f "$newname" ]; then # check to not overwrite anything
echo "error: $newname already exist."
exit
fi
# do the job, move or copy
cp "$subdir/$file" "$newname"
done
done
Please note that I skipped the "date" (2016_11_13) part - I am not sure about it. If you have a single date, then it is easy to add these digits in # compose the new name. If you have several dates, then you can add a nested for for scanning the "date" directories. One more reason I skipped this, is to let you develop something by yourself, something you can be proud of...
Using only mv and bash builtins:
#! /bin/bash
shopt -s globstar
cd Pics
p=1
# recursive glob for .jpg files
for i in **/*.jpg
do
# (date)/(event)/(filename).jpg
if [[ $i =~ (.*)/(.*)/(.*).jpg ]]
then
newname=$(printf "%s_%s.%04d.jpg" "${BASH_REMATCH[#]:1:2}" "$p")
echo mv "$i" "$newname"
((p++))
fi
done
globstar is a bash 4.0 feature, and regex matching is available even in OSX's anitque bash.
I want to create a script that allows me to enter multiple filenames from the command line, and have the script copy those files to another directory. This is what I am trying but I keep getting an error of
line 10: binary operator expected
#!/bin/bash
DIRECTORY=/.test_files
FILE=$*
if [ -e $DIRECTORY/$FILE ]; then
echo "File already exists"
else
cp $FILE $DIRECTORY
fi
So if the script was named copfiles.sh, I am writing...
./copyfiles.sh doc1.txt doc2.txt
It will move the files, but if they already exist, it won't read the error message.
Also I get the "line 10: binary operator expected" error regardless of it the files are there or not. Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong?
As a possible problem, if you had a filename with a space or had multiple arguments $* would have spaces in it so [ -e $DIR/$FILE ] will expand to have lots of words, like [ -e /.test_files/First word and more ] and -e expects just 1 word after it. Try putting it in quotes like
if [ -e "$DIRECTORY/$FILE" ]
Of course, you may only want to store $1 in $FILE to get just the first argument.
To test all the arguments you want to loop over the arguments and test each with something like
for FILE in "$#"; do
if [ -e "$DIRECTORY/$FILE" ]; then
echo "$FILE already exists"
else
cp "$FILE" $DIRECTORY
fi
done
Using quotes around $# to preserve spaces in the original arguments as well
I never used shell script, but now I have to , here is what I'm trying to do :
#!/bin/bash
echo running the program
./first
var = ($(ls FODLDER |wc -l)) #check how many files the folder contains
echo $var
if( ["$var" -gt "2"] #check if there are more the 2file
then ./second
fi
the scriopt crashes at the if statement. how may I solve this
Many:
var = ($(ls FODLDER |wc -l))
This is wrong, you cannot have those spaces around =.
if( ["$var" -gt "2"]
Your ( is not doing anything there, so it has to be deleted. Also, you need spaces around [ and ].
All together, this would make more sense:
#!/bin/bash
echo "running the program"
./first
var=$(find FOLDER -maxdepth 1 -type f|wc -l) # better find than ls
echo "$var"
if [ "$var" -gt "2" ]; then
./second
fi
Note:
quote whenever you echo, specially when handling variables.
see another way to look for files in a given path. Parsing ls is kind of evil.
indent your code for better readibility.
Edit your script.bash file as follow:
#!/bin/env bash
dir="$1"
echo "running the program"
./first
dir_list=( $dir/* ) # list files in directory
echo ${#dir_list[#]} # count files in array
if (( ${#dir_list[#]} > 2 )); then # test how many files
./second
fi
Usage
script.bash /tmp/
Explaination
You need to learn bash to avoid dangerous actions!
pass the directory to work with as first argument in the command line (/tmp/ → `$1)
use glob to create an array (dir_list) containing all file in given directory
count items in array (${#dir_list[#]})
test the number of item using arithmetic context.